Ian Mulhall B.Eng. M.I.E.T. Technical Director. LED s November 2012

Transcription

1 Ian Mulhall B.Eng. M.I.E.T. Technical Director LED s November 2012

2 Agenda 1. Introduction to LED s A brief history of LED s, a reminder of what an Led is, connection philosophies and system failures. 2. LED Development Where LED s are going adoption in the market and what Thorlux are doing. 3. LED Principles A look at some key factors which must be considered when specifying LED s such as thermal management, LED binning, colour performance, photometry and LED life time. 4. Some examples of LED use

3 A little bit of history 1901 Fluorescent Tube 1919 Sodium Vapor Lamp 1970s First Red LED ~1990 High Brightness Red, Orange, Yellow, & Green LEDs Monochrome signs 1995 High Brightness Blue, Green LEDs 2000 White LED Lamp demonstrates Incandescent Efficacy (17 lm/w) 2005 White LED Lamp demonstrates Fluorescent Efficacy (70 lm/w) Calculators and Indicators Full Color Signs Solid State Lighting

4 A quick reminder about LED s LEDs pass current and produce light but their current must be limited (like a discharge lamp)

5 A quick reminder about LED s A driver is therefore required, it could be called a transformer, LED ballast, power pack etc.

6 A quick reminder about LED s Two choices:

7 A quick reminder about LED s In the olden days LEDs were operated at 15mA (0.015A) Since the year 2000 Power LEDs have been increasingly used. Drive currents are now typically: - 65mA, 100mA 350mA, 500mA, 700mA, 1000mA (1A) etc. - Forward voltage normally approx. 3V - Power = volts x current = 350mA x 3V = ~1W - Simple!

8 LEDs and LEDs 5mm LED SMD Low Power LED SMD Medium Power LED 5mm Low Power LED Typical current (25mA) Low lumen outputs Various RGB colours available Various beam angles Usually poor colour performance Surface Mounted (SMD) LED Typical current (25-75mA) Low lumen outputs (5-20lm) Various colour temps available Various beam angles Good colour performance Surface Mounted (SMD) LED Typical current (75-150mA) High lumen outputs (20-35lm) Various colour temps available Various beam angles Good colour performance Use:- Status indicators Sign lighting Dashboard instruments Head torches Use:- Status indicators Automotive lighting Dashboard instruments Head torches TV backlights Use:- Professional light fittings Automotive lighting

9 LEDs and LEDs High Power LED LED Modules Power LED Typical current ( mA) High lumen outputs (50-300lm) Various colour temps available Various beam angles Best colour performance LED Modules Typical current ( mA) High lumen outputs (up to 3000lm) Various colour temps available Best colour performance Use:- Professional light fittings Automotive lighting Use:- Professional light fittings

10 System failures LED s Using a PLED it is possible to protect against single LED failures

11 What happens if an LED fails, how do I replace it? Sorry sir, they cannot be replaced

12 System failures LED s Thorlux policy is sensible if LEDs fail: - Basic gimbal - replace the whole unit - General lighting luminaire - replaceable boards - General lighting - each LED with LED protection For sure - LEDs do fail and they will not last forever - SYSTEM reliability

13 System failures LED s Lenses going brown Driver electronics Plug and socket failure Cable insulation failure Solder joints - up to 2000 joints in a 600 x 600mm and... LED chip failure or degradation

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16 Agenda 2. LED Development Where are LED s going adoption in the market and what Thorlux are doing.

17 Potential business shift

18 LED s are improving

19 Devil in the detail Three core types of LED solution: - White Power LED with lens Folio / G4 / Tunnel - Royal blue LED with remote Phosphor - G2 / G3/ XL20 - NEW Medium Power LED - Dot / 600 x 600mm Zhaga or bespoke?

20 Latest Thorlux products

21 Latest Thorlux products

22 Latest Thorlux products

23 Latest Thorlux products

24 Latest Thorlux products

25 Latest Thorlux products

26 Latest Thorlux products

27 Latest Thorlux products

28 Agenda 3. LED Principles A look at some key factors which must be considered when specifying LED s such as thermal management, LED binning, colour performance, photometry and LED life time.

29 Thermal Management CONVECTION

30 Thermal management + light output + lifetime - temperature

31 Thermal management

32 Thermal Management *Data for Cree XR-E White High Power LED

33 Lifetime LAMPS we all know Failures Lumen Maintenance

34 LIGHT OUTPUT LED Life Time 100% 90% 70% L70/B10 50% 10% 0% 5k HRS 30k HRS 50k HRS L10/B10 TIME

35 Lifetime LEDs L70 B10 L is the percentage light the rated life of the LED luminaire L70 would mean the LED s produce 70% of day one light rated life So 50,000hrs L70 50,000hrs there would be a 30% reduction in light output B is the certainty of the above quote. B10 would mean 10% might not achieve 70% output, or might have failed

36 Colour performance Grade: Excellent CRI 100 Applications: Print Production Good 80 General Environments Moderate Exterior Lighting Poor 20

37 Colour performance CRI BSEN

38 LED binning Colour Temp Colour Rendering Lumen Output Vf BIN C BIN A BIN B

39 LED Binning Black Body Locus

40 LED Binning Black Body Locus

41 LED photometry How do we compare products? 32W TC-T 32W LED

42 LED photometry 66% LOR 100% LOR

43 LED photometry Making comparisons 32W TC-T 32W LED Lamp Lumens 2400lm Light Output Ratio 66% Circuit Wattage 35W Lamp Lumens No lamp! Light Output Ratio 100% Circuit Wattage 35W Luminaire Lumens? Luminaire Lumens 2100lm

44 LED photometry Making comparisons 32W TC-T Lamp Lumens 2400lm Light Output Ratio 66% 2400 x 0.66 = 1584 Luminaire Lumens Circuit Wattage 35W

45 LED photometry Making comparisons 32W TC-T 32W LED Lamp Lumens 2400lm Light Output Ratio 66% Circuit Wattage 35W Lamp Lumens No lamp! Light Output Ratio 100% Circuit Wattage 35W Luminaire Lumens 1584lm Luminaire Lumens 2100lm Efficacy 45.2lm/W Efficacy 60lm/W

46 LED photometry design lumens light output lumen output chip lumens light power LED output source flux

47 LED Photometry Lumen Output Optical losses Thermal losses Driver/Control gear losses 50% less

48 Agenda 4. Some examples of LED use

49 LED s - where are we and where are we going? Architectural Lighting Emergency Lighting Signage Lighting Refrigeration Lighting Exterior Lighting Stair/Corridor Lighting

50 LED s - where are we and where are we going? Exterior Lighting

51 LED s - where are we and where are we going? Exterior Lighting Car Park Luminaire Qty Circuit Wattage Total Circuit Watts (kw) Annual Power Consumption (kw) Running Cost per annum Total Luminaire Cost 25 Year Life Cycle Cost 70W MBI , , , W LED , , Saving 9,226.56

52 LED s - where are we and where are we going? Stair/Corridor Lighting

53 LED s - where are we and where are we going? Circular Down Lighting Corridors Luminaire Qty Circuit Wattage Total Circuit Watts (kw) Annual Power Consumption (kw) Running Cost per annum Total Luminaire Cost Maintenance Costs 15 Year Life Cycle Cost 38W 2D , , , , W LED , , , Saving 3,425.00

54 LED s - where are we and where are we going? Office Lighting

55 LED s - where are we and where are we going? Office Lighting Luminaire Qty Circuit Wattage Total Circuit Watts (kw) Annual Power Consumption (kw) Running Cost per annum Total Luminaire Cost Maintenance Costs 15 Year Life Cycle Cost 4x14W T ,500 1, , , W LED ,250 1, , , No Saving!

56 LED s - where are we and where are we going? Mid Range Audi A4 Top of the Range Audi A8

57 And finally Questions?