LIGHTING Common terminology 2. Sources and luminaires 3. Controls

Transcription

1 LIGHTING Common terminology 2. Sources and luminaires 3. Controls

2 DISCUSSION: COMMON LIGHTING TERMINOLOGY 1. What are the definitions of the following lighting terms? 2. Do you use these terms in professional practice? 3. What other lighting terminology do you use on the job? LUMINOUS FLUX EFFICACY FLUX ILLUMINANCE CCT FOOTCANDLE EFFICIENCY LUMINOUS INTENSITY CRI 7/31/2014 SLIDE 14 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

3 CRITICAL TERMINOLOGY Luminous flux: rate of flow of visible light emitted from a light source over time, measured in lumens (lm). Lux: equal to one lumen per square meter. Luminous flux is analogous to the flow rate of water, represented by gallons per hour. Footcandle: equal to one lumen per square foot (1 footcandle = 10 lux). Illuminance: the amount of luminous flux that covers a surface (measured in lux or footcandles). 7/31/2014 SLIDE 15 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

4 CRITICAL TERMINOLOGY 7/31/2014 SLIDE 16 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

5 CRITICAL TERMINOLOGY Luminous Intensity: the concentration of light emitted from a given source in a particular direction, measured in candela (cd) (1 cd = 1 lm per steradian). *Note: color represents intensity not CCT or CRI 7/31/2014 SLIDE 17 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

6 EFFICIENCY AND EFFICACY Efficiency: the ratio between the useful output of energy and the input of energy. Luminous Efficacy compares the amount of light produced by a lamp (lumens), to the amount of power consumed to produce it (watts). A high-efficacy luminaire provides more light for less energy. 7/31/2014 SLIDE 18 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

7 EFFICIENCY AND EFFICACY Efficiency is usually dimensionless we compare the lumens exiting a fixture to the lumens produced by the light source. Efficacy is normally used where input and output units differ. We compare the lumens produced to the number of watts consumed. Which is more efficient? Efficiency = miles/gallon (energy out, energy in) Which has a higher efficacy? Efficacy = fun/gallon 7/31/2014 SLIDE 19 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

8 CCT Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) A specification of the color appearance of light emitted by a lamp, relating its color to the color of light from a source when heated to a particular temperature. A light source s CCT rating indicates the general warmth or coolness of the light it emits, in terms of color quality & appearance. 7/31/2014 SLIDE 20 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

9 WARM COOL CCT EXAMPLES Photo: Steelcase Photo: Acuity Photo: Acuity Photo: Soraa 7/31/2014 SLIDE 21 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

10 DYNAMIC SPD LUMINAIRES 12000K, 65fc average 6000K, 100fc average 3500K, 50fc average 2900K, 50fc average 7/31/2014 SLIDE 22 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

11 TUNABLE LUMINAIRES 7/31/2014 SLIDE 23 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

12 80 CRI 95 CRI CRI Color Rendering Index (CRI) Measures the color fidelity of a light source to render the colors of various objects as compared with an ideal light source. A lamp s CRI measurement (up to 100) indicates how accurately its light renders a given set of color samples. Photo: Soraa 7/31/2014 SLIDE 24 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

13 80 CRI 95 CRI CRI Color Rendering Index (CRI) Measures the color fidelity of a light source to render the colors of various objects as compared with an ideal light source. A lamp s CRI measurement (up to 100) indicates how accurately its light renders a given set of color samples. Photo: Soraa 7/31/2014 SLIDE 25 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

14 LIGHTING FACTS LABEL 7/31/2014 SLIDE 26 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

15 DISCUSSION: CCT & CRI 1. What could be the impacts of CRI or CCT in an office lighting design? 2. What factors are there to consider for workplace applications to balance energy use and occupant needs? 3. How has the perception of the quality of light in workplaces changed over time? Photo Credit: Acuity Brands Photo Credit: Focal Point Photo Credit: Acuity Brands 7/31/2014 SLIDE 27 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

16 TWO MAIN STRATEGIES FOR ELECTRIC LIGHTING Efficacious luminaires Lighting fixtures that are designed to operate only energy-efficient light sources, such as fluorescent lamps, compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), LEDs and high intensity discharge (HID) lamps. Controls Occupancy sensors, vacancy sensors, motion sensors, and daylight sensors are all devices that automatically turn lights off (or dim them) in response to conditions that they sense or see. Photo: GE Photo: Cooper Photo: WattStopper Photo: Lutron 7/31/2014 SLIDE 28 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

17 LED chip: Determines raw brightness and efficacy Lens Phosphor system: Determines color point and color point stability Package / lens: Protects the chip and phosphor Helps with light and heat extraction Important in determining LED lifetime LED Chip Phosphor 7/31/2014 SLIDE 29 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

18 Reflector LEDS ARE A DIRECTIONAL SOURCE LED lighting is directional. Thermal management is achieved by conduction. No IR or UV in the light beam. 7/31/2014 SLIDE 30 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

19 SOLID-STATE LIGHTING: ANATOMY OF A LUMINAIRE Heat sink Driver LED array Photo: Cree Optical components 7/31/2014 SLIDE 31 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

20 SOLID-STATE LIGHTING: ANATOMY OF A LUMINAIRE Heat sink LED array Optical components Product: Acuity Brands 7/31/2014 SLIDE 32 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

21 LED LUMINAIRES Photo: Finelite Photo: Philips Photo: Finelite Photo: Finelite Photo Credit: Philips 7/31/2014 SLIDE 33 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

22 FLUORESCENT TROFFER RETROFITS TUBULAR LED LAMPS Requires minimal new hardware Typically requires changing the electrical wiring, replacing the ballast with an external driver, or altering the existing tombstones LED RETROFIT KITS Provides electrical components, optical elements and light sources in a prepackaged kit Provides repeatable, efficient retrofit solution Important to make sure existing troffers can accommodate the retrofit kit selected DEDICATED LED LUMINAIRES Can often easily replace existing linear fluorescent luminaires Higher in cost, but often provides the LED technology in a welldesigned package with a straightforward electrical installation 7/31/2014 SLIDE 34 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

23 LINEAR FLUORESCENT LIGHTING RETROFIT PROJECTS In some cases, replacing linear fluorescent lamps with tubular LED lamps requires making modifications that are considered an alteration by Title 24 standards. 7/31/2014 SLIDE 35 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

24 FOR MORE INFORMATION Download LED Retrofit options for Linear Fluorescent Luminaires from the CLTC website: /led-retrofit-options-linearfluorescent-lighting 7/31/2014 SLIDE 36 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

25 TASK LIGHTING 7/31/2014 SLIDE 37 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

26 TASK LIGHTING Finelite Curve Lumens: 362 Watts: 7.4 Efficacy: 49 CRI: 82 CCT: 3500K Cost: $220 Photo: Finelite Photo: LittleFootprint LittleFootprint Task Lamp Lumens: 220 Watts: 4 Efficacy: 55 CRI: 82 CCT: 3000K Cost: $199 Photo: Herman Miller Herman Miller Flute Lumens: Unavailable Watts: 5.2 Efficacy: Unavailable CRI: Unavailable CCT: Unavailable Cost: $250 7/31/2014 SLIDE 38 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

27 STAIRWELL/CORRIDOR LUMINAIRE WITH CONTROLS Acuity WL Series (LED) Lumens: Watts: Efficacy: 100 CRI: 82 CCT: 3000K-5000K On-Q Aura (LED) Lumens: 480 Watts: 5 Efficacy: 96 CRI: 80 CCT: 5000K Acuity FXSW (LED) Lumens: Watts: Efficacy: 81 CRI: 85 CCT: 4000K 7/31/2014 SLIDE 39 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

28 OCCUPANCY CONTROLS Occupancy controls frequently use passive infrared (PIR) or ultrasonic sensors or a combination of both. PIR sensors detect occupants presence by sensing changes in heat levels. They require a direct line of sight between the sensor and the occupant. 7/31/2014 SLIDE 40 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

29 OCCUPANCY CONTROLS Ultrasonic sensors do not need a line of sight and can detect movement behind obstacles. They are also more sensitive to small movements. Ultrasonic sensors excel in: Spaces where a line of sight is not possible, such as open offices, enclosed hallways, stairwells, and restrooms Spaces requiring a higher level of sensitivity 7/31/2014 SLIDE 41 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

30 OCCUPANCY CONTROLS Photo: WattStopper Photo: WattStopper 7/31/2014 SLIDE 42 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

31 OCCUPANCY CONTROLS Microphonic sensors use a microphone placed inside the occupancy sensor to detect sounds that indicate occupancy. They are designed for use in conjunction with PIR sensors as well. Microwave sensors can detect the movements of a room s occupants by the Doppler Effect, comparing changes in frequency between the transmitted electromagnetic wave and the return wave. Microphonic Sensor Microwave Sensor Photo: Acuity Photo: WattStopper 7/31/2014 SLIDE 43 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

32 ELECTRIC LIGHTING CONTROLS: SENSING DAYLIGHT Daylighting controls, or photocontrols, adjust electric lighting based on the available daylight in the area. These are typically seen in spaces with skylights or large sidelit areas. Closed-loop photosensors are limited in terms of how well they can respond to some changes within a space. Photo: WattStopper 7/31/2014 SLIDE 44 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

33 ELECTRIC LIGHTING CONTROLS: SENSING DAYLIGHT Daylighting controls, or photocontrols, adjust electric lighting based on the available daylight in a space. These are typically seen in spaces with skylights or large sidelit areas. Open-loop photosensors are less affected by interior changes in reflectance, but they face limitation in adapting to changing exterior light levels, as occurs on partly cloudy days. Photo: WattStopper 7/31/2014 SLIDE 45 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

34 DUAL-LOOP SENSORS Dual-loop photosensors are a new solution. They combine the advantages of open- and closed-loop photosensors. By integrating the both sensor types, the dualloop photosensor adapts to interior space changes, lumen depreciation, and changes in daylight contribution. The first commercially available dual-loop photosensor also features daily automatic recalibration to maintain functional accuracy. Photo: WattStopper 7/31/2014 SLIDE 46 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

35 CONTROLS Individual controls Individual controls that are connected only to the luminaires they control can satisfy T-24 requirements. Luminaire-integrated controls Fluorescent and LED-based luminaires can be controlled with on-board sensors that are either integrated into a larger system or function alone. Networked lighting The lighting market has seen a significant increase in systems that control groups of luminaires. 7/31/2014 SLIDE 47 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

36 INDIVIDUAL CONTROLS 7/31/2014 SLIDE 48 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

37 INDIVIDUAL CONTROLS Photo: Lutron 7/31/2014 SLIDE 49 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

38 INDIVIDUAL CONTROLS TECHNOLOGY 7/31/2014 SLIDE 50 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

39 LUMINAIRES WITH INTEGRATED CONTROLS 7/31/2014 SLIDE 51 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

40 NETWORKED CONTROLS Image: Enlighted 7/31/2014 SLIDE 52 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

41 NETWORKED SYSTEMS 7/31/2014 SLIDE 53 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

42 NETWORKED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY SEC. 3 7/31/2014 SLIDE 54 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

43 OUTDOOR LUMINAIRES 7/31/2014 SLIDE 55 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

44 CRITICAL TERMINOLOGY TECHNOLOGY SEC. 3

45 OCCUPANCY AT NIGHT IN OUTDOOR SPACES UC Davis, April 24, 2012: Preliminary data gathered from the pathway leading to the university s Aggie Stadium indicates an average energy savings of 60%, compared to a static installation of the same fixture. 7/31/2014 SLIDE 57 SECTION 2 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

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47 SLIDE 59 CRITICAL TERMINOLOGY

48 Photo: Lutron

49 BREAK beverage refill and stretch