W l A l R l B l L l E l R l S

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1 Donald J. Borror W l A l R l B l L l E l R l S William W.H. Gunn Songs of the WARBLERS of North America Donald J. Borror William W. H. Gunn Dr. Donald J. Borror was Professor of Entomology at The Ohio State University until 1977 and was senior author of Introduction to the Study of Insects, currently in its sixth edition. He recorded birds and other animals in all of the contiguous United States. Housed in the Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics at The Ohio State University, the Borror collection of bird song recordings is the second largest in North America and is one of the largest collections of North American recordings. Dr. Borror published pioneering analyses of the songs of several groups of North American birds. He also published nine records of bird sounds (three in collaboration with Dr. William Gunn) and one of the sounds of insects. Dr. William W. H. Gunn was one of Canada s leading ornithologists and naturalists. He was the first executive director of the Federation of Ontario Naturalists. Long concerned with conservation problems, Dr. Gunn was a founding partner in LGL Limited, a Canadian ecological research firm. He recorded bird and animal sounds in all of North America and in other parts of the world. He assembled the largest library of natural sound recordings in Canada. As a consulting biologist, sounds recordist and scriptwriter with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation s NATURE OF THINGS, he produced a series of award winning sound tracks, including The Arctic Islands, The Living Arctic, Grouse Country, and Island of the Moon. Prior to this album, Dr. Gunn published eight other recordings of Natural sounds and was sound editor for the National Geographic Society s Guide to North American Bird Songs. In 1982 Dr. Gunn was awarded the Arthur A. Allen medal by the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology for his contributions to Ornithology. Ontario NaturE

2 INTRODUCTION (as written in the original LP production in 1985) This album began four years ago when Drs. Donald Borror and William Gunn decided to rework and expand their Songs of Warblers of Eastern North America in association with the Federation of Ontario Naturalists. Dr. Gunn asked the Laboratory of Ornithology s Library of Natural Sounds to assist in the challenging task of producing the album. The species sequence for the sixth edition of the American Ornithologists Union Check-list of North American Birds became available in We decided to reorder the album to conform to the new checklist. Several species were added so that all warblers reported north of the Mexican border would be included. We also decided to include the calls of as many species as possible. Further, we felt that the exceptional quality of the original field tapes demanded that the best technical facilities available be used. Creating entirely new master tapes was necessary. The result reflects the contributions and effort of many people. In addition to the work of the authors, special mention should be made of the dedicated efforts of Andrea Priori, David Wickstrom and Robert Grotke. During this project, Dr. Gunn began his battle with cancer. Working with him, Andrea located the examples in the original field tapes and compiled them for processing into the new master tapes. After assisting in the engineering of these, she edited the final tapes. David Wickstrom, the project s supervising audio engineer, is responsible for the unusually faithful transfer of the master tapes to discs and cassettes. He designed and operates the Library s production studio, a facility specifically engineered to meet the demands of avian sounds. When this project was begun there was no known way to satisfactorily transfer these extremely difficult sounds to discs and cassettes. To solve the problems, Robert Grotke of the Groove Shop and David Wickstrom began a unique collaborative effort. Extensive modifications were made to an already excellent record cutting facility. Every change was evaluated with preliminary copies of the warbler master tapes. Without these efforts it would have been impossible to produce this album. Dr. William C. Dilger graciously allowed us to use George Sutton s painting of a Cape May Warbler on the cover of the album. Dr. Sutton painted this bird when he was 26 years old. Some years later, during his tenure at Cornell, Dr. Sutton presented the painting to Dr. Dilger on his 26th birthday. It seems especially appropriate, therefore, that the painting should appear in a Laboratory of Ornithology publication soon after the 26th anniversary of our official dedication in May Finally, the outstanding cooperation of Dr. Lincoln Fairchild, curator of the collection of the Borror Bioacoustic Laboratory and his assistant, Sandra Gaunt, did much to help us produce this album. Dr. Gunn and his wife Lucy continued to encourage us throughout his illness. Bill gave advice and counsel nearly to the end of the project. We all regret that his passing on October 15, 1984 prevented him from seeing the result of an endeavor that meant so much to him. TECHNICAL NOTES The songs of warblers present great technical challenges to field recordists and to studio engineers. The high pitch and extremely rapid onset of the sounds push sound recording and reproducing systems to their limits. This production contains 280 examples of the songs of 57 species and calls of 46 species and includes an image of each.

3 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES Macaulay Library: With over 185,000 audio and 50,000 video recordings representing over 9,000 species, the Macaulay Library at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology is the world s largest archive of animal behavior. Since 1930, recordists of all backgrounds have contributed their recordings to build this unparalleled resource. Its mission is to collect and preserve recordings of each species behavior and natural history and to make them available for research, education, conservation, and the arts. Over 100,000 audio and 40,000 video recordings are now digitized and playable online at To hear more recordings of warblers or see videos, visit Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics: The BLB houses one of the largest collections of recorded animal sounds in the world. Founded by the late Dr. Donald Borror, Professor of Entomology and Zoology at The Ohio State University, the collection contains over 36,000 recordings of over 1,500 species of animals. All recordings are available for listening online at Ontario Nature: (Formerly Federation of Ontario Naturalists) Ontario Nature protects wild species and wild spaces through conservation, education and public engagement. Ontario Nature is a charitable organization representing more than 30,000 members and supporters and 140 member groups across Ontario. To learn more about Ontario Nature or to become a member, visit ebird: To help find warblers, visit ebird at an online database of bird observations providing scientists, researchers and amateur naturalists with real-time data about bird distribution and abundance across the Western Hemisphere. From the e-bird home page, click on the View and Explore data tab. Then click on Bar Charts and select the state or county where you live or want to go birding. Finally, click on the link for the species you are interested in finding. All About Birds: Check out the free online bird guide to help you identify warblers and other birds, learn about the life history, listen to the sounds, and watch bird behavior on video. Membership: The Cornell Lab of Ornithology represents more than 40,000 supporters. Your support furthers the Lab s mission to protect the earth s wildlife through research, education, and citizen science focused on birds. Visit to find out how you can join and help conserve the birds that touch our lives and enrich our planet. Sound Recording Workshop: Each year the Macaulay Library teaches state-of-the-art techniques for recording the sounds of wildlife with skilled staff from the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Participants learn through daily field recording sessions, coupled with lectures and demonstrations. If you would like to learn more about recording wildlife, visit

4 Songs of Warblers of North America 1. Warbler Medley Olive Warbler Peucedramus taeniatus 2. Song 1 Arizona, June 3. Song 2 Arizona, June 4. Song 3 Arizona, May 5. Song 4 Arizona, June 6. Song 5 Arizona, June 7. Calls Arizona, May Bachman s Warbler Vermivora bachmanii 8. Song 1 South Carolina, May 9. Song 2 Virginia, May Blue-winged Warbler Vermivora pinus 10. Song 1 Ohio, May Song 3 Ontario, May 13. Calls New York, May Golden-winged Warbler Vermivora chrysoptera 14. Song 1 Ontario, June Song 3 Ontario, June 17. Song 4 Ontario, June 18. Calls West Virginia, May Tennessee Warbler Vermivora peregrina 19. Song 1 Ohio, May 20. Song 2 Alberta, May 21. Song 3 Quebec, July 22. Song 4 Ontario, June 23. Song 5 Quebec, June 24. Calls Quebec, July Orange-crowned Warbler Vermivora celata 25. Song 1 Ontario, May 26. Song 2 Oregon, June 27. Song 3 Ontario, May 28. Song 4 Oregon, June 29. Song 5 Oregon, June 30. Calls Florida, March Nashville Warbler Vermivora ruficapilla 31. Song 1 Maine, July 32. Song 2 Maine, June 33. Song 3 Michigan, May 34. Song 4 Maine, June 35. Song 5 Michigan, May 36. Calls Minnesota, June Virginia s Warbler Vermivora virginiae 37. Song 1 Colorado, June 38. Song 2 Colorado, June 39. Song 3 Colorado, June 40. Song 4 Colorado, June Colima Warbler Vermivora crissalis 41. Song Song Song Calls Lucy s Warbler Vermivora luciae 45. Song Song Song Song 4 Northern Parula Parula americana 49. Song Song Song Song Song Calls Tropical Parula Parula pitiayumi 55. Song Song Song Song 4 Texas, May Texas, May Texas, May Texas, May Arizona, June Arizona, May Arizona, June Arizona, June Ohio, June Florida, May Maine, July Maine, June Maine, July Florida, March Nueva Leone, April Nueva Leone, April Nueva Leone, April Nueva Leone, April Yellow Warbler Dendroica petechia 59. Type 1 Song 1 Maine, June Song 3 Manitoba, June Song 4 North Dakota, June Song 5 Manitoba, June Song 6 Maine, July 60. Type 2 Song 1 Maine, June Song 2 Maine, June Song 3 Maine, June Song 4 Arizona, June Song 5 Arizona, June Song 6 Ohio, May 61. Type 3 Song 1 North Dakota, June Song 3 Arizona, June Song 4 Ohio, May Song 5 Maine, June Song 6 Ohio, May 62. Calls New York, May Chestnut-sided Warbler Dendroica pensylvanica 63. Song 1 Maine, June 64. Song 2 Ontario, June 65. Song 3 Maine, June 66. Song 4 New Hampshire, July 67. Song 5 Maine, June 68. Song 6 Maine, June 69. Calls New York, May

5 Magnolia Warbler Dendroica magnolia 70. Song 1 Maine, June 71. Song 2 Maine, May 72. Song 3 Alberta, June 73. Song 4 Maine, June 74. Song 5 Alberta, June 75. Song 6 Ohio, May 76. Calls Ontario, June Cape May Warbler Dendroica tigrina 77. Song 1 Ontario, June 78. Song 2 Ontario, June 79. Song 3 Ohio, May 80. Song 4 Ontario, May 81. Song 5 Ontario, May Black-throated Blue Warbler Dendroica caerulescens 82. Song 1 Maine, July 83. Song 2 Ontario, June 84. Song 3 Maine, June 85. Song 4 Ohio, May 86. Song 5 Ohio, May 87. Song 6 Ontario, June Yellow-rumped Warbler Dendroica coronata Myrtle 88. Song 1 Maine, June 89. Song 2 Maine, July 90. Song 3 Maine, July 91. Song 4 Maine, July 92. Calls South Carolina, March Audubon s 93. Song 1 Montana, June 94. Song 2 Oregon, July 95. Song 3 Alberta, May 96. Song 4 Arizona, May 97. Calls Washington, July Black-throated Gray Warbler Dendroica nigrescens 98. Song 1 Arizona, June 99. Song 2 Arizona, June 100. Song 3 Arizona, June 101. Song 4 Arizona, June 102. Calls California, June Golden-cheeked Warbler Dendroica chrysoparia 103. Song 1 Texas, April 104. Song 2 Texas, May 105. Song 3 Texas, May 106. Calls Texas, April Black-throated Green Warbler Dendroica virens 107. Song 1 Maine, June 108. Song 2 Maine, June 109. Song 3 Maine, June 110. Song 4 Ontario, June 111. Song 5 Maine, July 112. Calls New York, May Townsend s Warbler Dendroica townsendi 113. Song 1 Montana, June 114. Song 2 Montana, June 115. Song 3 Montana, June 116. Song 4 Montana, June 117. Song 5 British Columbia, May 118. Song 6 British Columbia, June 119. Song 7 British Columbia, June 120. Calls California, May Hermit Warbler Dendroica occidentalis 121. Song 1 Oregon, June 122. Song 2 California, June 123. Song 3 California, May 124. Song 4 California, May 125. Calls California, May Blackburnian Warbler Dendroica fusca 126. Song 1 Maine, June 127. Song 2 Maine, June 128. Song 3 Alberta, June 129. Song 4 Ontario, June 130. Song 5 Ohio, May 131. Calls Maine, June Yellow-throated Warbler Dendroica dominica 132. Song 1 Ohio, May 133. Song 2 Florida, April 134. Song 3 Florida, March 135. Song 4 South Carolina, May 136. Song 5 Ohio, May 137. Calls Florida, March Grace s Warbler Dendroica graciae 138. Song 1 Arizona, April 139. Song 2 Arizona, June 140. Song 3 Arizona, June 141. Song 4 Arizona, June 142. Song 5 Arizona, July 143. Calls Arizona, May Pine Warbler Dendroica pinus 144. Song 1 Florida, March 145. Song 2 Virginia, June 146. Song 3 Florida, March 147. Song 4 Maine, June 148. Song 5 Ohio, June 149. Calls Florida, February Kirtland s Warbler Dendroica kirtlandii 150. Song 1 Michigan, May 151. Song 2 Michigan, May 152. Song 3 Michigan, May 153. Song 4 Michigan, May 154. Song 5 Michigan, May 155. Calls Michigan, June

6 Prairie Warbler Dendroica discolor 156. Song 1 New Hampshire, July Song 2 Ohio, June Cerulean Warbler Dendroica cerulea 177. Song 1 Ohio, May Prothonotary Warbler Protonotaria citrea 197. Song 1 South Carolina, May Northern Waterthrush Seiurus noveboracensis 218. Song 1 Ontario, May Song 2 Ontario, June Song 3 North Carolina, May 159. Song 4 Ohio, May 160. Song 5 Ohio, May 161. Calls Ohio, April Song 3 Ohio, June 180. Song 4 Ohio, May 181. Song 5 Ohio, May 182. Calls New York, May Song 3 Ohio, May 200. Song 4 Ohio, May 201. Song 5 Florida, April 202. Calls Ohio, June Song 3 Ontario, June 221. Song 4 Ontario, June 222. Song 5 Quebec, June 223. Calls Yukon Territory, July Palm Warbler Dendroica palmarum 162. Song 1 Ontario, June Song 2 Ohio, April Black-and-white Warbler Mniotilta varia 183. Song 1 Alberta, June Song 2 Michigan, June Worm-eating Warbler Helmitheros vermivorum 203. Song 1 West Virginia, April Louisiana Waterthrush Seiurus motacilla 224. Song 1 Ohio, May Song 2 Ohio, April Song 3 Alberta, May 165. Song 4 Ohio, April 166. Calls Alberta, May Bay-breasted Warbler Dendroica castanea 167. Song 1 Alberta, June Song 3 Ohio, May 170. Song 4 Ontario, June 171. Calls West Virginia, May Blackpoll Warbler Dendroica striata 172. Song 1 Manitoba, June 173. Song 2 Vermont, July 174. Song 3 Quebec, June 175. Song 4 Quebec, July 176. Calls Quebec, July Song 3 Maine, June 186. Song 4 Ontario, June 187. Song 5 Ontario, June 188. Calls Tennessee, May American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla 189. Song 1 Ohio, May 190. Song 2 Maine, June 191. Song 3 Maine, June 192. Song 4 North Dakota, June 193. Song 5 Maine, June 194. Song 6 Maine, June 195. Song 7 Ohio, May 196. Calls Ohio, May Song 3 Ohio, May 206. Song 4 Ohio, May 207. Calls Ohio, June Swainson s Warbler Limnothlypis swainsonii 208. Song 1 West Virginia, May 209. Song 2 West Virginia, May 210. Song 3 West Virginia, May 211. Calls West Virginia, May Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapilla 212. Song 1 Ohio, June 213. Song 2 Ohio, June 214. Song 3 Ohio, April 215. Song 4 Ohio, May 216. Song 5 Ohio, June 217. Calls Ohio, June Song 3 Ohio, May 227. Song 4 Ohio, May 228. Calls New York, April Kentucky Warbler Oporornis formosus 229. Song 1 Ohio, May Song 3 Ohio, May 232. Song 4 Ohio, June 233. Song 5 Ohio, May 234. Song 6 Ohio, May 235. Calls Ohio, June Connecticut Warbler Oporornis agilis 236. Song 1 Ohio, May 237. Song 2 Alberta, June 238. Song 3 Ontario, June 239. Song 4 Ontario, May 240. Song 5 Manitoba, June

7 Mourning Warbler Oporornis philadelphia 241. Song 1 Ontario, June Song 2 Vermont, June Hooded Warbler Wilsonia citrina 264. Song 1 North Carolina, April Painted Redstart Myioborus pictus 287. Song 1 Arizona, April Song 2 Arizona, April Rufous-capped Warbler Basileuterus rufifrons 303. Song 1 Nueve Leone, April Song 2 Guerrero, May Song 3 Ohio, May 244. Song 4 Minnesota, July 245. Song 5 Alberta, June 246. Song 6 Vermont, June 247. Calls Ontario, July MacGillivray s Warbler Oporornis tolmiei 248. Song 1 Oregon, June 249. Song 2 Oregon, June 250. Song 3 Oregon, June 251. Song 4 Montana, June 252. Song 5 Oregon, July 253. Calls Arizona, May Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas 254. Song 1 North Dakota, June Song 3 Ohio, May 257. Song 4 Maine, July 258. Song 5 Maine, June 259. Song 6 New Brunswick, June 260. Calls New York, June Gray-crowned Yellowthroat Geothlypis poliocephala 261. Song 1 Jalisco, June 262. Song 2 Campeche, March 263. Song 3 El Salvadore, August Song 3 Ohio, May 267. Song 4 Ohio, June 268. Song 5 Florida, April 269. Calls Ohio, May Wilson s Warbler Wilsonia pusilla 270. Song 1 Quebec, July 271. Song 2 Oregon, July 272. Song 3 Alberta, May 273. Song 4 British Columbia, May 274. Song 5 Maine, July 275. Song 6 Oregon, June Canada Warbler Wilsonia canadensis 276. Song 1 Ohio, May 277. Song 2 Maine, June 278. Song 3 Maine, June 279. Song 4 Alberta, June 280. Song 5 Maine, June 281. Calls Maine, July Red-faced Warbler Cardellina rubrifrons 282. Song 1 Arizona, May 283. Song 2 Arizona, June 284. Song 3 Arizona, May 285. Song 4 Arizona, May 286. Song 5 Arizona, June Song 3 Arizona, May 290. Song 4 Arizona, July 291. Calls Arizona, May Slate-throated Redstart Myioborus miniatus 292. Song 1 Guerrero, May 293. Song 2 El Savadore, June 294. Song 3 El Salvadore, May 295. Song 4 El Salvadore, April Fan-tailed Warbler Euthlypis lachrymosa 296. Song 1 Chiapas, May 297. Song 2 Sonora, May Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus 298. Song 1 Chiapas, April 299. Song 2 Chiapas, April 300. Song 3 El Salvadore, May 301. Song 4 El Salvadore, May 302. Calls El Salvadore, May Song 3 Veracruz, May 306. Song 4 Veracruz, May 307. Calls Guatemala, August Yellow-breasted Chat Icteria virens 308. Song 1 Ohio, May 309. Song 2 Arizona, July 310. Song 3 Ohio, May 311. Calls California, June

8 CREDITS Recordists: Arthur A. Allen, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Charles A. Sutherland, Donald J. Borror, L. Irby Davis, Oliver Hewitt, Peter Paul Kellogg, Randolph S. Little, Robert Robinson, Robert C. Stein, Stuart Keith, Stephen M. Russell, William R. Fish, William Roe, Walter A. Thurber, Robert I. Bowman, and William W. H. Gunn Cover Image: The George M. Sutton painting of a Cape May Warbler was graciously made available by William C. Dilger. Digital Images: Bill Dyer, Cameron B. Rognan, Carl Edwards, Christopher Wood, David McNicholas, David Woodson, Don Rash, Greg Griffith, Greg Lavaty, Herbert Clarke, Isidor Jeklin, Jerry A. Payne, Larry Arbanas, Michael J. Hopiak, and Timothy Barksdale Digital Production: Director, The Macaulay Library: Michael S. Webster Supervising Engineer: William J. McQuay Studio Engineer: Matthew A. Young Digital Image Processing: Jason K. van Staveren Booklet Design and Layout: Tammy L. Bishop Production Facilities: The Macaulay Library, Cornell Lab of Ornithology The Macaulay Library Cornell Lab of Ornithology 159 Sapsucker Woods Road Ithaca, New York telephone: macaulaylibrary@cornell.edu website: Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics The Ohio State University 1315 Kinnear Road Columbus, Ohio telephone: borrorlab@osu.edu website: Ontario Nature Head Office 366 Adelaide Street West, Suite 201 Toronto, Ontario M5V 1R9 telephone: info@ontarionature.org website: Cornell Lab of Ornithology

AN ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO ABACO'S 37 WARBLER SPECIES

AN ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO ABACO'S 37 WARBLER SPECIES Abaco has 37 warbler species recorded for the main island and cays. They fall into 3 categories: 5 permanent residents (PR) that breed on Abaco (B), of