PHILIPPINES TOUR REPORT

Transcription

1 PHILIPPINES 6 28 FEBRUARY 2010 TOUR REPORT LEADERS: SIMON HARRAP The Philippines is one of my very favourite destinations. Not only are there some great birds, but also the logistics are generally good and the people some of the friendliest and most helpful that you could hope to meet. On the down side, rampant habitat destruction, often combined with hunting or trapping for the cage bird trade, means that the avifauna is one of the most threatened in the world. And, with a rapidly increasing population, the pressure on the land is continually increasing and at most sites (Palawan and Subic excepted) the habitat is deteriorating steadily year on year. We were mostly lucky with the weather, with blue skies and very little rain, but the lack of rain, due to El Niño, was in fact a problem, depressing bird activity. Despite this, we recorded a total of 306 species including an extremely high proportion of the available endemics (the exact total of endemics depends upon the taxonomy followed). Highlights included the awesome Philippine Eagle, Palawan Peacock-Pheasant, a superb set of kingfishers (including the beautiful Silvery, Spotted Wood and Rufous-lored Kingfishers), five endemic hornbills, Red-bellied and Azure-breasted Pittas, brilliant nightbirds (including Philippine and Chocolate Hawk-Owls, Luzon and Palawan Scops Owls, Spotted Wood Owl, and Philippine and Palawan Frogmouths), Falcated Ground-Babbler, six endemic sunbirds and nine endemic flowerpeckers. The Philippines seem a long way from anywhere (and are certainly a long flight from both Europe and the USA), so it is always good to actually get there, meet up with all the members of the group and get going! From Manila we drove the relatively short distance to Subic and arrived a little before dusk, with just enough time to have a scan around from the veranda as the light faded. Then, after a welcome night's rest in a horizontal plane, we started in earnest before dawn, nay, before breakfast even, chasing a calling Northern Philippine Scops Owl. This gave a couple of flight views before it sped off into the distance and so, after bacon and eggs, we headed for the forest. As usual at Subic the weather was fair, with perfect blue skies (if a little windy at times) but the birding was slow. With perseverance, however, our first morning produced a respectable list of good birds, and the endemics included a flighty Sooty Woodpecker, Philippine Pygmy Woodpeckers, Luzon Hornbills, Philippine Falconets, Philippine Green-Pigeons, a cute White-eared Brown-Dove and a surprisingly cryptic Yellow-breasted Fruit-Dove. Blackish Cuckoo-shrikes shouted from the tree-tops, Philippine Bulbuls were everywhere, as were Guaiaberos (although most of the latter resembled green bullets as they shot past), but our first Stripe-headed Rhabdornises flew off before we got really good views. Almost 1 Birdquest: Philippines 2010

2 endemic (and very rare), we had great views of the Luzon race of Blue-naped Parrot and we also enjoyed a fine White-bellied Woodpecker. On the way to lunch we stopped at a massive roost of fruit bats, with 200 or more endemic Golden-crowed Flying-foxes in one set of trees and perhaps as many as a thousand Large Flying-foxes in another tree. A Red Junglefowl with four well-grown chicks scuttled off the side of the road and we were also surprised to see around 75 Philippine Mallards in flight. In the afternoon we pottered along the road for a while and this proved to be very productive. We enjoyed great close views of a Whiskered Treeswift - a widespread species but always a real gem. We then found a pair of Green Racquet-tails which performed really well as they sat in an acacia, complete with three racquets between them, and even allopreening and cuddling up for a while. There were more Blue-naped Parrots, as well as White-bellied Woodpeckers and Greater Flamebacks, but the two parties of Rufous Coucals barely gave a glimpse. We then waited for dusk, hearing Spotted Wood Kingfishers and a rather unexpected Philippine Hawk-Cuckoo. As the light faded the Philippine Hawk-Owls began to call and we must have heard four or five, but none were really close and none responded to the tape, so after trying hard we gave it up as a bad job and headed back to the hotel for a well-earned beer. On our second morning at Subic we returned to the forest with quite a few birds left to see. We only had a few hours, so it was fingers crossed. The first success of the day was Rufous Coucal, which showed well to everyone as the first of three parties was found. Unusually for this species, at least five birds sat up in the open, allowing some good looks. With them were both Scale-feathered and Redcrested Malkohas and the latter too showed well. We also had brief looks at Philippine Cuckoo-dove and better views of Sooty Woodpecker, and encountered another noisy party of Blue-naped Parrots (a reminder of what the Philippines must have been like not so long ago). We then tried a forest trail, but this was deadly quiet, with the only two new birds, Philippine Tailorbird and Ashy Minivet, both encountered within a few yards of the bus on our return. It was then time to leave well-manicured Subic, take the back roads across country to the main highway and sit back for the long drive north to Banaue. This was uneventful, but as we neared our destination a stop at the much-depleted Lagawe River produced great views of a pair of Indigo-banded Kingfishers; the river was very low because of a prolonged drought in northern Luzon. Early the next morning we were heading up the road to Mount Polis in the dark (as usual). In the two years since my last visit the road had improved greatly and we made good time, arriving a little before dawn. What had not improved was the habitat, with the forest around the pass more degraded than ever, and it was also misty at times and rather windy. Undaunted, we worked the road for several hours and had good looks at many of the mountain's specialities. Luzon Bush-Warblers sang explosively from roadside thickets and we had nice views of a couple. Lumpy Green-backed Whistlers jumped through the trees and smart Island Thrushes sat up eating fruit (the concrete road seems pretty unappealing to them, unlike the old damp and dirty road). Mixed flocks held Elegant Tits, Sulphur-billed Nuthatches, Mountain Leaf-Warblers, Blue-headed Fantails, Mountain Whiteeyes, Chestnut-faced Babblers and, best of all in my opinion, Metallic-winged Sunbirds. We had no luck with pigeons though, with neither sight nor sound of one. A near-black forest rat, feeding on a roadside bank, caused much interest and amusement, and then we moved down the hill to the village of Bay-yo. Japanese Buzzard and Philippine Serpent-Eagle sailed overhead as we scanned the river from the road. Almost immediately a Luzon Water Redstart was spotted, but it was very distant. Thus, after more scanning and a picnic lunch, we wended our way through the fields down to the river and, despite the steep climb, this was well worthwhile as both male and female Water Redstart showed superbly well and we also added Little heron to the list. Well-pleased, we headed back to the main road and tried several spots for the ultra-skulking Benguet Bush-Warbler. At the third attempt one sang back to the tape. It was a remarkably responsive bird, coming to within 1 m of yours truly and showing rather well. It was then back up to the pass (foggy and windy, so we gave it a miss) and back to the hotel, stopping for a noisy flock of Lowland Swiftlets and views of the world-famous rice terraces. 2 Birdquest: Philippines 2010

3 We did not have much to look for on our second day at Mount Polis and most of the targets were hard. The weather was worse too, with near perfect blue skies all day meaning that it quickly became hot and birdless. Along the road we added nothing except Mountain Verditer, so in desperation we tried a narrow and difficult trail. This proved a very lucky move indeed when we found a Luzon Scops Owl entangled in a bird trappers net! Lucky for us, as we had great looks at this tiny little owl. Lucky for it, for after 15 minutes of careful work it was released from its bonds (and certain death) and flew off, apparently unharmed. After this stroke of good fortune the birdless trail did not seem to matter much, although we did manage some views of Long-tailed Ground-Warbler and Whitebrowed Shortwing. Back on the road for lunch, we had two siestas (it was hot and very quiet) and then worked the road again. A flock of Purple Needletails sailed overhead and we saw Mountain Tailorbirds and a brief Citrine Canary-Flycatcher, but it was quiet and well, un-inspiring, so it was good to get back to the hotel and drink that little owl's good health. Leaving Banaue in the early morning we sat back for the long drive south to Manila. We had just one birding stop, at Candaba Marshes. This area, once a huge swamp, is now largely rice fields but there is a little reserve and this is where we stopped. We had a very productive couple of hours, despite the heat of the late afternoon. Philippine Swamphen was an important bird to see, while a nice Watercock, Barred Rail, Pheasant-tailed Jacanas, Blue-tailed Bee-eaters and an Island Collared Dove were also very welcome. There were masses of herons, with hundreds of Grey and Purple Herons and Black-crowned Night herons, and we also saw a few diminutive Yellow Bitterns. Warblers too demanded attention, and we found both Oriental Reed and Clamorous Reed Warblers, but the biggest surprise as a Java Sparrow although introduced, it is in the field guide so it is a write-in! All too soon, however, we had to leave Candaba behind and head back through the traffic to the main highway and on to Manila, arriving in time to enjoy the buffet at the hotel and get a decent night's sleep. Up early the next morning we drove the short distance to the airport and took a flight south to Cagayan on Mindanao. Here our vans were waiting and we were soon tucking into breakfast before driving east and then south towards the Kitanglad range. These mountain always look inspiring as they rise up out of the plains and a visit always excites me (despite over a dozen trips). This time we got a lift some of the way up to the camp in a little pickup truck, a nice bonus. After lunch we set off on our first trip up the hill and this was well worthwhile with good views of Rufous-headed Tailorbirds, Sulphur-billed Nuthatches, Grey-hooded Sunbirds and Olive-capped Flowerpeckers, and a less than good view of a Long-tailed Ground-Warbler. Back at the camp well before dusk we settled back with a coffee (or a beer) and waited for the evening's show. Almost exactly to the minute, a Bukidnon Woodcock started roding and we had a good look as it flew over the camp. After dinner, another little expedition produced breathtaking looks at a Philippine Frogmouth; once the group was sated, it was taped and photographed at less than 3 m range. During the night the Giant Scops Owl was rather vocal and while the rest of us slept Richard spent quite some time in pursuit, but even he had to concede defeat. The next day on Kitanglad was an important one. We set off up the hill as soon as it was light enough to see with one bird on our mind. We did allow ourselves to be distracted, but only a little a session with the tape produced reasonable views of around three Plain Bush-hens. At last, we reached the selected viewpoint and within seconds of arriving a pale spot was picked up on the opposite hillside. There it was, The Eagle. Tension visibly drained and, despite the distance, we had some nice views. It was calling quite a bit and was probably last year's youngster, still begging to be fed. It also flapped from perch to perch, showing its every side. Well pleased, we decided to continue on up the mountain. At one of the higher viewpoints there was a noisy flock of Apo Mynas and, at the very highest point reached, a pair of Apo Sunbirds feeding on little red flowers high in the trees. We were lucky with the weather too, with just a shower of rain. After lunch (brought to us, wherever we are on the mountain), we slowly made our way down the hill to the camp. En route, we had great flight views of The Eagle and we made sure we saw McGregor's Cuckoo-shrike, White-cheeked Bullfinch 3 Birdquest: Philippines 2010

4 and Black-masked White-eye, so that we did not have to ascent to such great altitudes again, and as a final flourish added Short-tailed Glossy Starling. Having done so well, we had just a few target birds for the second full day on the mountain. We started with a frustration, as a Blue-capped Kingfisher called back to the tape and came close, but was invisible behind a dense blanket of vegetation (if only it had come in from the other direction...). Moving on up the hill we found Mindanao Hornbill and then, to David's very great delight and relief, Stripe-breasted Rhabdornis; there were at least 20 birds, a very good count for the mountain, and with them were at least two Bicoloured Flowerpeckers. More flowerpecker excitement was cause by a fine male Flame-crowed Flowerpecker and several Buzzing Flowerpeckers, and we also had good looks at Cinnamon Ibon and Black-and-cinnamon Fantail. The same could not be said for the views of Red-eared Parrotfinch, however, unless you were Audrey, who saw three very well on her way back to camp a little earlier than the rest of us. Much of the day was spent trying for the kingfisher in a variety of spots, but to no avail. And, early on the last morning we tried again. Careful positioning on a steep slope did not pay off, however; there was not a sniff of the bird. In the last couple of hours on the mountain we did, however, get good looks at Long-tailed Ground-Warbler and glimpse a couple of Mindanao Racquet-tails. It was then time to wander back down the hill to our waiting vans and the rest of the day was taken up with the drive to Bislig on the east coast. As usual, we started off from the Paper County Inn well before dawn in the hope of finding some nightbirds. Almost as we got out of the jeepney, a Philippine Frogmouth started to call close by, but as luck would have it, this was one bird we did not need to see, so we let it be. Soon after, however, we heard a Chocolate Hawk-Owl and it was not too long before we had it in the torch beam. This was a real bonus, as this species has proved elusive recently. A Great Eared Nightjar sailed overhead and then Rufous-lored Kingfishers began to should their heads off. It was still more or less dark, however, so we waited for the light to improve - and were nearly knocked over by the frogmouth flying over the road, demanding our attention! Back to the Rufous-lored Kingfishers and, after a little searching, we had one in the scope as it perched high in a tree. We had progressively better views and finally saw two together side-by-side on a branch. The brightening dawn also revealed the devastation that is PICOP. We knew it was bad, but it was like standing in the ruins of a bombed city, with just a few tall trees left standing (the ones that were too big or too hard-wooded to cut down), bits of abandoned log cast aside on the side of the track, and a mess of second growth, makeshift clearings and odd stands of smallish trees. It was very sad to see, but there were still plenty of birds, and canopy species were easier to see as there was precious little canopy left. Dawdling along the road we added a good number of species to the list, including Pygmy Swiftlets, Philippine Drongo- Cuckoo (a very dubious split in my estimation), Black-bibbed Cuckoo-shrike, Philippine Leafbird, Mindanao Minivet (a split from Scarlet) and a pair of nesting Naked-faced Spiderhunters. Also of interest were Crested Goshawk, White-bellied Woodpecker, Everett's White-eye and a calling Redbellied Pitta (briefly glimpsed by Richard). We then moved on to another area of forest, with even more signs of rampant logging (indeed, we crossed a flooded valley via a bridge of huge sawn logs waiting to be collected). Dodging the showers we quickly found a calling Steere's Pitta and had scope views as it sat almost at our feet in a little thicket by the track; quite odd behaviour for a bird that is usually bold and flighty. Along the trail we found a little feeding flock, with a couple of lovely Short-crested Monarchs and Blue Fantails and a sedate Philippine Trogon. Back at the jeepney it was time for lunch and then, after a rest, another walk along the road - predictably fairly quiet in the afternoon. We finished off at the Silvery Kingfisher pools where as well as the superb little kingfisher we watched a Cinnamon Bittern stalking about and fishing. Our second day at PICOP saw rather better weather than the first, with no rain at all (although that meant it was hot). We started off before dawn with a try for Mindanao Hawk-Owl and other nightbirds, but rough roads and a detour meant we were late arriving and we only got a brief response before it was too light for the owls. We then slowly made our way into the forest and, although things were very quiet at first, we gradually built up a good list of new birds. Pride of place 4 Birdquest: Philippines 2010

5 should go to the solitary Blue-crowned Racquet-tail, a scarce bird now, that was scoped at close range as it fed unusually low down. Also splendid was the Rufous Paradise Flycatcher that we eventually all saw well, and a wonderful Red-bellied Pitta that sat on a log in front of us for ten minutes. Perseverance also produced Rusty-crowned Babblers, busy Mindanao Pygmy Babblers and Black-headed Tailorbirds (although Rufous-fronted obstinately refused to play ball). Higher in the canopy a pair of Philippine Orioles appeared to be courting and sonorous Black-faced Coucals were everywhere, as were Wattled Bulbuls, one of which was scoped and its swollen 'wattle of an eyering admired. There were also frustrations, a Steere's Honey-buzzard that passed over too quickly, and a pair of Streaked Ground-Babblers that were calling from some completely trashed forest and which only gave the briefest of views. In the afternoon we tried an open area, but saw little apart from a pair of Plain Bush-hens meandering along the track ahead of the jeepney, so then it was back to Bislig and the airfield. This was surprisingly quiet, were few birds compared to my previous visits, but there was a Philippine Swamphen, Philippine and Wandering Whistling Ducks, Swinhoe's Snipe and, at dusk, a Philippine Nightjar and (for sharp-eyed Richard on the roof) a Grass Owl when it was almost too dark to see. Our third day at PICOP can only be described as a wash-out. We left before dawn in the rain and, when we arrived at our night-birding venue, it was still raining. After a snooze we moved on, still in the rain, and then availed ourselves of the shelter of a squatter s house to shelter from... more rain. It did clear for a while, however, and we added three important birds. A party of five Rufous Hornbills showed really well (including the surprisingly tiger-striped juveniles), we had a fly-past Writhed Hornbill, and a Pink-bellied Imperial Pigeon that sat on a snag for 30 minutes or more, allowing distant but rather good views. Add to this Blue-crowned Racquet-tail and a Crested Honey-buzzard and things were looking good, but then the rain started again. We sheltered in another friendly squatter s hut, we ate, we snoozed (and some of us even listened to Harry Potter volume six!). But, the rain kept on coming and a couple of brief forays did not add much until, at last, we gave up and returned to the hotel for an early night. We had one last crack at the birds in PICOP and started off with the owls. There was not a sniff of Mindanao Hawk-Owl. We did hear a Philippine Scops Owl call a couple of times, but it could not be seen (and a large bat did not help, as it temporarily distracted us). Dawn then broke and it was time to hit the trail. This was fairly quiet, and we were frustrated by elusive Streaked Ground-Babblers and Philippine Fairy Bluebirds, but one success was a very obliging Rufous-tailed Jungle-Flycatcher that sang for us in full view. Our last bird at PICOP was Olive-backed Flowerpecker and then it was time to pack and leave Bislig and drive though what is left of the concession to the main road and on to Mindanao, arriving in good time for our flight to Manila and its lavish buffets. The next morning (but not too early) we were back at the airport for the flight to Puerto Princessa on Palawan. Here we started our birding at a nearby beach where, despite the high tide, there were Chinese Egrets on view. The waders were disappointing, however, although the best that we could hope for, Grey-tailed Tattler, was present in small numbers. After admiring the superb local race of Olive-backed Sunbird we went for an early lunch (and that is after some of the group had had no less than three breakfasts). On the drive to Sabang in the north of the island the first stop produced scope views of Copper-throated Sunbird and we then worked the road for a while. This was productive, with good looks at both male and female Black-chinned Fruit-Dove, Yellow-throated Leafbirds, Palawan Drongos, Asian Drongo-Cuckoo (not much like a drongo, but very, very like Philippine Drongo-Cuckoo) and a very smart perched Oriental Hobby. A little further on the road produced four Palawan Hornbills (sometimes a hard bird to find) and we then waited for dusk amidst large numbers of bats. Both Palawan Scops Owl and Palawan Frogmouth were heard, but neither could be seen (and the owl quickly ceased calling). Then, as so often happens, we tried another spot and had a frogmouth in full view within a few seconds. Finally, we continued on to our lodge and a very welcome cold beer (Palawan is often HOT). 5 Birdquest: Philippines 2010

6 The focus of our birding on Palawan was St Paul's Underground River National Park and early the next morning we took a boat to the underground river. Here, as hoped, the 'old faithful' Palawan Peacock-Pheasant was still thriving and as tame as ever, giving great views. We also saw Tabon Scrubfowl well and exchanged leers with the macaques and monitor lizards. As the first of the day's tourists arrived, we left, but a stop at the central park station produced only a smart singing Whitevented Shama and elusive Ashy-headed Babbler. Our final stop on the way back to the lodge was for Malaysian Plover, and a pair were found immediately and showed well (although they did go on to prove that my bird-herding techniques do not always work). After a pleasant break, during which a pond-heron sp and a vagrant White-faced Pied Wagtail were found, we headed back out to the forest. It was, of course, very quiet, although we had good looks at Lovely Sunbird that lived up to its name. A tip-off then took us in search of cockatoos. Staking out the road in the late afternoon we saw Thick-billed Green-Pigeons, Brown Needletails, a lovely male Palawan Flowerpecker (sitting for scope views for quite a while) and a couple of Blue-headed Racquet-tails shot past at super-sonic speed. Amazingly, our main target also appeared, as two Philippine Cockatoos flew first northwards and then, 40 minutes later, back from where they had come! Well pleased, we tried for nightbirds again. A Brown Hawk-Owl that flipped on to a tree next to us and flew off a few seconds later was a real surprise (but it could not be enticed back into view), but there was no sign of Palawan Scops Owl. Changing venue again proved effective as we heard two Palawan Scops growling away and everyone eventually had a good look at this little mite. On the second morning at Sabang we started with Large-tailed Nightjar at the lodge and then headed off to try for Falcated Ground-Babbler. It took some time (and I marched them down the hill, up the hill, and then back down again...), but eventually we had superb prolonged views as one sat singing, showing its lanceolate markings to advantage. Palawan Tit, Blue Paradise Flycatcher and Sulphurbellied Bulbul were also admired. Further on, an Osprey sailed over as did an Oriental Honeybuzzard and we spent some time getting views of Hooded Pitta (the very dry conditions meant that few were responsive). Our final stop of the morning was very special. First a pair of Great Slaty Woodpeckers sat up in full view. Then both male and female Palawan Blue Flycatcher showed well. Finally, Richard's exceedingly sharp eyes spotted two roosting Spotted Wood Owls and we enjoyed prolonged scope views of this seldom seen species. Back at the lodge for lunch, we packed up and headed back to town. We had a special detour en route, however, as we boarded a boat and headed off to one of the small islands off Puerto Princessa. A walk around the island (full of children, dogs, cats and a few vagrant sun-seekers) turned up really good looks at Grey Imperial Pigeons, a real small-island speciality, and at least 40 Pied Imperial Pigeons. We then waited for dusk and the calls of Mantanani Scops Owl. What we got was some distant owls, a generator and Michael Jackson at full volume! The music was quieted a bit and eventually we got superb views of at least one owl, while others called nearby. It was a little later than I had hoped, but at least we had a smooth voyage back to the mainland and a quick transfer to the hotel and dinner. We started (as usual) before dawn for the famous Balsahan Trail in Iwahig Penal Colony. It is always strange to see the convicts wandering about, but at least they all have T-shirts with 'low risk' stamped on them. We quickly got good views of Rufous-tailed Tailorbirds, and also saw Ashy-headed Babbler briefly (again). Moving up the trail we sere soon listening to the quiet little song of Palawan Flycatcher which, like the bird itself, is subtly beautiful. It was very vocal and eventually everyone had good views as it sat in the undergrowth. Further on we heard Melodious Babbler and, after some fun and games, we all had good views of this rather skulking species (and yes, birds can skulk in the canopy). We also added Crested Serpent-Eagle and saw a fine dark-phase Changeable Hawk-Eagle, and then it was time to leave the forest. A look at the nearby paddies produced a variety of waders, the best of which were Oriental Pratincoles, Long-toed Stints and perhaps as many as 100 Marsh Sandpipers, and then it was time to relax for the drive to Narra. Narra is a rather sleepy little town in southern Palawan and after lunch at our rather sleepy lodge we boarded a boat for the trip out to Rasa Island. We had already seen cockatoos but were keen to get 6 Birdquest: Philippines 2010

7 better views. Approaching the island we saw several in the tree-tops, and an hour or so ashore produced more views, but although satisfactory, they were still not good. We did have stunning eyelevel looks at Copper-throated Sunbird, however, and also found White-bellied Sea-Eagle, Storkbilled Kingfisher and Common Black-headed Gull. We were back at the lodge pleasantly early and could really relax and enjoy an early night. Up early again the next morning and following another tip-off we had just a short time to clinch good views of those cockatoos, and the stake-out near the town paid off just in time when six Philippine Cockatoos flew in and sat in the nearby trees, squawking. It was great to see them well at last and we left in high spirits for Puerto Princessa and the flight back to Manila. The last stage of our Philippine adventure was at Los Banos, a university town near Manila. After checking into the hotel and a siesta, we headed out to some scrubby fields where, as hoped for, at least four Spotted Buttonquails came out onto a track and wandered about, showing quite well at times. A very distant Grey-faced Buzzard was also new, as was Striated Swallow for most of us, and we also had good looks at two more Plain Bush-hens. Most bizarrely, we also saw a leucistic coucal (probably a Philippine Coucal), with a pale buff body and white tail. Pre-dawn we were back in the field, this time in search of owls. We just heard one call from Philippine Scops, but did get several good looks at Philippine Hawk-Owl. Once it was light we explored Mount Makiling. The forest seemed as dry as a bone and bird activity was at a minimum (even by Makiling s low standards), but by persevering we saw some good birds. Best was Spotted Wood Kingfisher. The first flew off before we all saw him, but later in the morning we had great looks at both male and female. White-browed Shama also played hard to get, but eventually it too showed well to all. A Philippine Hawk-Cuckoo was enticed into view several times and even sat still for a little while, and other new birds included Chinese Goshawk and Striped Flowerpecker, while Pygmy Flowerpecker and Stripe-headed Rhabdornis were also new for most of us. All this took more time then expected, but we staved off our hunger with fresh coconuts and then, after a late, but very good lunch, wandered around the campus for a while. The hoped-for Lowland White-eyes were soon spotted, so we moved on to the nearby paddies where a short walk produced good numbers of Oriental Skylarks. Finally, a roadside ploughed field held at least nine Barred Buttonquails, wandering around in the open as bold as brass, some less than 20 m away. This was a wonderful sight to end the day and tired but well-pleased we headed back to base. The last morning of the tour again started before dawn. Philippine Hawk-Owl again showed well but we did not even hear a scops owl and had to admit defeat on that one. The morning was not quite as slow as yesterday, with a fine male Philippine Trogon, Ashy Minivets, a Wattled Bulbul on the nest, Grey-throated Sunbirds and a pair of smart Flaming Sunbirds. The final bird of the trip eluded us for a long time but then, at the very last chance, we at last got good looks at Grey-backed Tailorbird. All that was left was to travel back to Manila airport for our flights home. It had been a successful trip, with many great birds. The habitat is increasingly trashed and yet, for the moment, we can still find the birds. Time is clearly running out, however, a tragedy in itself which seems to be ignored by just about everyone, both in and outwith the Philippines. The sad message is, if you have not yet been, do not leave it too long. 7 Birdquest: Philippines 2010

8 SYSTEMATIC LIST Species which were heard but not seen are indicated by the symbol (H). Species which were not personally recorded by the leader are indicated by the symbol (NL). Conservation threat categories and information are taken from Threatened Birds of the World, BirdLife International s magnificent book on the sad status of the rarest 10% of the world s avifauna, and updates on the BirdLife website: PODICIPEDIDAE Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis: One at Candaba. ARDEIDAE Grey Heron Ardea cinerea: At least 200 at Candaba Marshes. Purple Heron Ardea purpurea: Especially common at Candaba Marshes where we logged 250 plus, with a handful from Bislig airfield. Great Egret Egretta alba: Widely scattered sightings in small numbers, with a peak of 12 at Candaba Marshes. Eastern Reef-Egret (Pacific Reef-Egret) Egretta sacra: Two dark phase birds on Pandan Island. Intermediate Egret Egretta intermedia: Widespread in small numbers, but common on Palawan, including in the paddies by the lodge at Sabang. Chinese Egret Egretta eulophotes: At least eight showed well on the mudflats at Puerto Princessa and at least two at Narra (with many more, presumed to be this species, on the fish traps off Rasa Island). Classified as Vulnerable by BirdLife International, the world population is estimated at 2,600-3,400 and is decreasing. The species breeds on small islands off the coasts of eastern Russia, North Korea, South Korea and mainland China. It formerly bred in Taiwan and Hong Kong, but is now only a non-breeding visitor or passage migrant. Key wintering areas are the Eastern Visayas (Leyte, Bohol and Cebu), Philippines, and the Malaysian states of Sarawak and Selangor where 30-50% of the global population are believed to winter based on winter counts in 2004/2005. There has been no significant decline in this species in the last ten years, and recent discoveries of new colonies off southern China may represent increased observer effort, but possibly indicate some improvement in the species status. It occurs in shallow tidal estuaries, mudflats and bays, occasionally visiting paddy-fields and fishponds. By the end of the 19th century, it had almost been extirpated by trade in its plumes and persecution. Today, the greatest threat is habitat loss and degradation through reclamation of tidal flats and estuarine habitats for infrastructure, industry, aquaculture and agriculture, and through pollution. Little Egret Egretta garzetta: Seen in small numbers throughout the tour, with around 50 at Candaba. Javan Pond-Heron Ardeola speciosa: Two for Simon s bus on the drive from Cagayan de Oro to Bislig. The pond-heron at Sabang was in winter plumage and thus not identified (both Javan and Chinese have been recorded here recently). Little Heron (Striated Heron) Butorides striatus: Singles at Bay-yo and at White Beach on Palawan. Eastern Cattle Egret Bubulcus coromandus: Widespread in good numbers. Although not yet a widely adopted split, this form is much more richly coloured in breeding plumage than western birds and differs structurally, being longer-legged and longer-necked. Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax: Hundreds were seen nesting in the wet scrub at Candaba Marshes. Yellow Bittern Ixobrychus sinensis: At least five at Candaba Marshes and also seen at Bislig airport. Cinnamon Bittern Ixobrychus cinnamomeus: One showed superbly at the kingfisher pools in PICOP. 8 Birdquest: Philippines 2010

9 ANATIDAE Wandering Whistling Duck Dendrocygna arcuata: A singleton at Bislig airfield. Philippine Duck Anas luzonica: At least 75 seen in flight at Subic and a few at Bislig airfield. Classified as Vulnerable by BirdLife International, the world population is estimated at 5,000-10,000 and is decreasing. Exceptionally high levels of hunting and trapping have been evident since the 1960s with thousands reportedly shot weekly from August- October and January-March in the late 1980s. Conversion of natural wetlands through drainage, adoption of aquaculture and fishpond creation caused its near-extinction at Candaba Marsh and mangrove destruction and the recent extensive use of pesticides on rice-fields are also likely to have had serious impacts. Garganey Anas querquedula: Two at Candaba. Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata: One at Candaba. Common Pochard Aythya ferina: Two at Candaba. Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula: A flock of around 80 were present at Candaba. PANDIONIDAE Osprey Pandion haliaetus: Singles near Sabang and from the hotel at Los Banos. ACCIPITRIDAE Oriental Honey-Buzzard (Crested Honey Buzzard) Pernis ptilorhynchus: One at PICOP (the distinctive philippensis race, which seems to have an even longer neck than usual, and may well merit specific status?) and one on Palawan near Sabang (where it is most likely the resident and endemic palawanensis). Steere s Honey-Buzzard Pernis steerei: One showed briefly in flight at PICOP. Brahminy Kite Haliastur Indus: Fairly common at Subic and one en route to Kitanglad. This formerly common species seems to be declining across much of its range. White-bellied Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster: Two over Rasa Island. Chinese Goshawk Accipiter soloensis: A juvenile seen well on Makiling was identified as this species based on the rather rusty-brown streaking on the underparts (and feather fringes above), lack of a supercilium and reddish cere. Crested Goshawk Accipiter trivirgatus: One showed well at PICOP, mobbed by White-breasted Wood-swallows. Grey-faced Buzzard Butastur indicus: A single distant bird on the first afternoon at Mount Makiling. This species was a lot commoner ten years ago, but seems to have undergone a rapid decline. They are also more difficult to find on their breeding grounds in Japan. Crested Serpent-Eagle Spilornis cheela: At least one seen very well on the Balsahan trail. Philippine Serpent-Eagle Spilornis holospilus: We first enjoyed good views of this species at Bay-yo, and went on to see several more at Kitanglad, PICOP and Mount Makiling. Japanese Buzzard Buteo [buteo] japonicus: A single at Bay-yo. Philippine Eagle (Monkey-eating Eagle) Pithecophaga jefferyi: Perhaps the species that inspires birders to visit the Philippines more than any other. Distant but reasonable views of a what we presumed was last year s youngster on the first morning at Kitanglad, and then good flight views of what we presumed to be the adult higher up the mountain, where it was seen to be carrying prey, probably a monkey. Not surprisingly, voted bird-of-the-trip. Classified as Critically Endangered by BirdLife International, the world population is estimated at and is decreasing. It inhabits primary dipterocarp forest, particularly in steep terrain, sometimes frequenting secondary growth and gallery forest (but not occupying open canopy forest), from lowlands to at least 1,800 m. On Mindanao eagles begin nesting from September to December in primary and disturbed forest. A complete breeding cycle lasts two years with successful pairs raising one 9 Birdquest: Philippines 2010

10 offspring. Forest destruction and fragmentation, through commercial timber extraction and shifting cultivation, is the principal threat. Old-growth forest continues to be lost rapidly, such that as little as 9,220km 2 may remain within the eagle s range. Moreover, most remaining lowland forest is leased to logging concessions. Mining applications pose an additional threat. Uncontrolled hunting (for food and, at least formerly, zoo exhibits and trade) is highly significant and evidence suggests it may be limiting recruitment to the breeding population to zero. There is also evidence that it accumulates pesticides which reduce its already slow reproductive output. Philippine Eagle has traditionally been placed with the harpy eagle group (Crested Eagle, Harpy Eagle and New Guinea Harpy Eagle), all of which live in tropical forests and feed largely on medium-sized mammals. Recent genetic analysis has shown that the resemblance is due to convergence and that the Philippine Eagle is actually closest to the Circaetinae, the snake-eagles and serpent-eagles. Changeable Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus cirrhatus: One near Sabang and a dark-phase bird showed well on the Balsahan. FALCONIDAE Philippine Falconet Microhierax erythrogenys: This small but conspicuous raptor was seen very well at Subic Bay and again at PICOP. Oriental Hobby Falco severus: One was seen perched on cliffs between Puerto Princessa and Sabang. MEGAPODIIDAE Tabon Scrubfowl (Philippine Scrubfowl) Megapodius cumingii: Great views of at least two at the Underground River at St Paul s National Park, two seen more briefly on Pandan Island and two seen by Richard on Rasa Island. PHASIANIDAE Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus: Tow parties of females and large chicks at Subic Bay, with a female flushed along the Balsahan trail. Palawan Peacock-Pheasant Polyplectron emphanum: Once again, great views of this spectacular pheasant at St Paul s, where a male has become habituated and completely unafraid. Classified as Vulnerable by BirdLife International, the world population is estimated at 2,500-9,999 and is decreasing. It mainly inhabits primary and secondary forest on flat and rolling terrain, mostly below c. 800 m. Deforestation in lowland Palawan has been extensive, and logging and mining concessions have been granted for almost all remaining forest on the island. Illegal logging is thought to persist in the remaining extensive forest of the south. Forest at Iwahig Penal Colony, regarded as a key site, may be threatened by plans to mine chromite. In the late 1960s, it was being extensively hunted and trapped in large numbers for live trade, but exports were much reduced by the late 1980s. Blue-breasted Quail Coturnix chinensis: One flushed from the edge of the runway at Bislig airfield. TURNICIDAE Barred Buttonquail Turnix suscitator: Stupendous views of perhaps ten birds in a ploughed field at the foot of Mount Makiling. Spotted Buttonquail Turnix ocellata: Good scope views of two pairs as they wandered back and forth across the track at Mount Makiling. 10 Birdquest: Philippines 2010

11 RALLIDAE Barred Rail Gallirallus torquatus: One at Candaba. White-browed Crake Porzana cinerea: Excellent views of one at Candaba, with another in the rice fields at Makiling. Plain Bush-hen Amaurornis olivacea: Three or four were taped out on the first morning at Kitanglad, a pair showed very well on the road in front of the jeepney at PICOP, and then a pair on the buttonquail track at the foot of Mount Makiling. White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus: One or two were seen at Candaba, with others heard on Palawan. Watercock Gallicrex cinerea: One seen well at Candaba. Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus: Five or more at Candaba, with smaller numbers elsewhere. Philippine Swamphen Porphyrio pulverulentus: At least three of this pallid and brown-backed swamphen showed well at Candaba, and we saw another at Bislig airfield. A paper in Dutch Birding many years ago recommended the splitting of the former Purple Gallinule into several forms, although this has not been widely adopted. JACANIDAE Pheasant-tailed Jacana Hydrophasianus chirurgus: Two at Candaba. CHARADRIIDAE Grey Plover (Black-bellied Plover) Pluvialis squatarola: One at White Beach on Palawan. Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius: Two at Candaba and good numbers at Iwahig on Palawan. Malaysian Plover Charadrius peronii: A pair showed well at Sabang. Classified as Near Threatened by BirdLife International, the world population is estimated at 10,000-25,000 and is decreasing. This species is classified as Near Threatened because it is likely to have a moderately small population which, owing to the development pressures on the coastal areas it inhabits, particularly nesting beaches, is likely to be undergoing a decline. SCOLOPACIDAE Common Redshank Tringa totanus: At least three at the fishponds at Iwahig. Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia: One at Candaba and a few at the rice fields and fishponds at Iwahig. Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola: Fairly common in areas of wet paddy, especially on Palawan. Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis: Up to 70 showed well in the wetlands near to Iwahig. Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos: Scattered sightings of ones and twos. Grey-tailed Tattler Heteroscelus brevipes: Around eight at White Beach, Puerto Princessa. Pintail Snipe Gallinago stenura: Two were flushed at Candaba. As discussed, the identity of this and the following species is far from straightforward. Swinhoe s Snipe Gallinago megala: One flushed from the side of the runway at Bislig airfield and a couple at the foot of Mount Makiling. Bukidnon Woodcock Scolopax bukidnonensis: One or two seen daily at Mount Kitanglad. Always a good one to see, it was first discovered by our group in Long-toed Stint Calidris subminuta: Good views of around 40 in the paddyfields at Iwahig. GLAREOLIDAE Oriental Pratincole Glareola maldivarum: Two or three at Iwahig. 11 Birdquest: Philippines 2010

12 RECURVIROSTRIDAE Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus: About 15 were seen in paddyfields at Iwahig. All appeared to be this form rather than the Australasian White-headed Stilt H. leucocephalus. LARIDAE Black-headed Gull (Common Black-headed Gull) Larus ridibundus: Around 20 at Narra jetty. Greater Crested Tern Sterna bergii: Two seen distantly off Pandan Island. Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybridus: At least 25 at Candaba, and then good numbers over the lake by our hotel at Los Banos at the end of the tour. COLUMBIDAE Thick-billed Green-Pigeon Treron curvirostra: Several seen well around Sabang, including good scope views of perched birds. Philippine Green-Pigeon Treron [pompadora] axillaris: Common at Subic and we also saw small numbers at PICOP. With the current trend to split up the Pompadour Pigeon, it is perhaps best to treat this form as an endemic. I have treated it here as an allospecies. White-eared Brown-Dove Phapitreron leucotis: Several seen well at Subic Bay, its coucal-like song was a constant companion in forested areas on Luzon and Mindanao, and we went on to see several more. Amethyst Brown-Dove Phapitreron amethystina (H): Singles heard distantly at Kitanglad and PICOP. Yellow-breasted Fruit-Dove Ptilinopus occipitalis: Seen well at Subic, with subsequent sightings at Kitanglad and PICOP, but much more often heard than seen. Black-chinned Fruit-Dove Ptilinopus leclancheri: After hearing them at PICOP we had fantastic views of an obliging pair on the way to Sabang, and several more were heard at Mount Makiling. Recently determined as being a rare resident on mainland Taiwan, so it now barely qualifies even as a near endemic. Pink-bellied Imperial-Pigeon Ducula poliocephala: These chunky pigeons tend to sit out on snags, making them easy targets for the droves of hunters, and consequently they have become more and more difficult to find in PICOP. Thankfully, having heard a couple, we found one perched up and had great views. Classified as Vulnerable by BirdLife International, the world population is unknown but is known to be decreasing. It inhabits lowland forest, though not exclusively, as the bird ranges up to 1,500m. It is found most often in primary and old secondary growth. It is certainly declining owing to the combination of heavy hunting and the extensive clearance of its preferred habitat. Green Imperial-Pigeon Ducula aenea: Several seen well at Subic Bay, PICOP and on Palawan. Grey Imperial Pigeon Ducula pickeringii: At least three showed well on Pandan Island and four birds, probably this species, were seen in flight on Rasa Island. Classified as Vulnerable by BirdLife International, the world population is estimated at 2,500-9,999 and is decreasing. It inhabit lowland primary forest, secondary forest and cultivated areas with trees. Little is known about its movements. It is reportedly resident on some northern Bornean islands, but certainly moves between Philippine islands. Like other small-island specialists, it presumably wanders in search of food. Habitat clearance and degradation are the primary threats, with native forest on small islands being replaced by palm plantations across much of its range. The species large size and unwary disposition render it vulnerable to hunting whenever it comes into contact with human populations; birds are taken for food, pets and trade. Introduced mammalian predators may cause birds to abandon some islands. Tourism developments may place pressures on island populations when habitat is cleared and through disturbance. The effect of competition 12 Birdquest: Philippines 2010

13 with Green Imperial-pigeon is not understood but this species now outnumbers Grey Imperial Pigeon on Rasa Island. Pied Imperial Pigeon Ducula bicolor: At least 40 seen well on Pandan Island. Rock Dove Columba livia: None looked very wild, and it is debatable whether we should log them at all. Philippine Cuckoo-Dove Macropygia tenuirostris: One at Subic Bay and also seen at Kitanglad, and we heard small numbers at most other forest sites. Island Collared Dove Streptopelia bitorquata: Good looks at one at Candaba. Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis: Scattered in open country, but perhaps most common on Palawan. Zebra Dove (Peaceful Dove) Streptopelia striata: Seen in small numbers throughout, but especially common at Candaba and on Pandan Island. Common Emerald-Dove (Emerald Dove) Chalcophaps indica: This shy, ground-dwelling dove was seen briefly at Subic and around Sabang. PSITTACIDAE Guaiabero Bolbopsittacus lunulatus: The high-pitched calls are easier to hear than the bird is to see, but we did have some good views at Subic Bay, PICOP and Mount Makiling. Philippine Cockatoo Cacatua haematuropygia: Two seen in the late afternoon at Sabang were a bonus. We then saw at least ten on Rasa island, none of which were very close, and as a bonus saw six very well on the mainland the following morning. Classified as Critically Endangered by BirdLife International, the world population is estimated at 1,000-2,700 and is decreasing. In 1950, it was common throughout but a rapid decline has left a population of c.1,000 birds. Of these, there are on Palawan and its satellite islands, on Tawi-tawi and less than twenty in the Polillo group of islands and Samar respectively. Sub-populations away from Palawan and the Sulus are mainly tiny and have few long-term prospects. It appears restricted to lowland primary and/or secondary forest, in or adjacent to riverine or coastal areas with mangroves. Outside the breeding season (July to December), it frequents both corn- and rice-fields. It depends on seasonally fluctuating food resources and is partially nomadic. Birds fly from the mainland to offshore islands as far as eight kilometres away from the mainland to roost and breed. On Palawan, Polillo and Samar, trapping is particularly serious, and the high price fetched per bird (US$300 in 2006) means that chicks are taken from virtually every accessible nest. High numbers were traded (legally) internationally in the 1980s (e.g. 422 in 1983). Lowland deforestation and mangrove destruction have been extensive throughout its range, and have contributed significantly to its decline. It is also persecuted as a crop-pest and hunted for food. Blue-naped Parrot Tanygnathus lucionensis: Up to six both days at Subic, with great scope views, where they are the rare lucionensis subspecies. We also saw a few well on Palawan (salvadorii). This uncommon species is almost endemic to the Philippines, but also occurs on small islands off Borneo. Classified as Near Threatened by BirdLife International, the world population is estimated at 2,500-9,999. It is listed as Near Threatened because it has a moderately small, fragmented population and may be undergoing a continuing decline owing to trapping and forest loss. Green Racquet-tail Prioniturus luconensis: Great scope views of three at Subic. Classified as Vulnerable by BirdLife International, the world population is estimated at 2,500-9,999 and is decreasing. Its increasing rarity suggests a dependence on lowland primary forest, although birds do range into scattered fruiting trees in open areas and into secondary and heavily degraded forest. Trapping for the cage-bird trade is a significant problem. 13 Birdquest: Philippines 2010

14 Blue-crowned Racquet-tail Prioniturus discurus: Great views of a perched bird at PICOP, with two seen more briefly in flight. This species is becoming ever harder to find, so this was a real stroke of luck. Blue-headed Racquet-tail (Palawan Racquet-tail) Prioniturus platenae: A pair seen very briefly by Simon and John R. near Sabang. Classified as Vulnerable by BirdLife International, the world population is estimated at 2,500-9,999 and is decreasing. A combination of extensive lowland deforestation and exploitation for the cagebird trade have resulted in this species rapid decline. Mindanao Racquet-tail Prioniturus waterstradti: Two seen briefly over the canopy on the last morning at Mount Kitanglad. Classified as Near Threatened by BirdLife International, the world population is estimated at 5,000. There are some indications that it has a moderately small, fragmented population within a restricted range, which is undergoing some decline owing to habitat loss. Colasisi (Philippine Hanging Parakeet) Loriculus philippensis: Common on Kitanglad, where several showed well, and also seen at PICOP and at Mount Makiling. CUCULIDAE Philippine Hawk-Cuckoo Cuculus pectoralis: Heard at dusk at Subic and then seen on Mount Makiling, with brief perched views. Best treated as a separate (endemic) species due to its unique call and distinctive plumage characters. Plaintive Cuckoo Cacomantis merulinus: Plenty heard, with good views of one at PICOP and others on Palawan. The Philippine birds have a distinctive voice, quite different from Borneo and Malaya (although similar to the call on Java). Rusty-breasted Cuckoo Cacomantis sepulcralis: Heard on Mount Polis, then seen at the camp at Mount Kitanglad and also on Mount Makiling. Violet Cuckoo Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus (H): Heard briefly at PICOP and near Sabang. Asian Drongo Cuckoo Surniculus lugubris: Several seen and heard on Palawan, especially near to Sabang. Philippine Drongo Cuckoo Surniculus velutinus: Excellent views of a couple of different birds at PICOP and a few more heard there, and also heard at Mount Makiling. The birds on Luzon and Mindanao are often lumped with Asian Drongo Cuckoo, but several recent works (such as the Handbook of Birds of the World), have split them, and I have followed that treatment here, although I can detect no real differences in the voices and none in plumage. Common Koel (Asian Koel) Eudynamys scolopacea: Heard at Subic and at several sites on Palawan, with a singletons seen briefly near Sabang and three on Pandan Island. Scale-feathered Malkoha Phaenicophaeus cumingi: Good views of a couple at Subic, one at Mount Polis, and also seen on Mount Makiling at the end of the tour. Chestnut-breasted Malkoha Phaenicophaeus curvirostris: Singles near Sabang and on the Balsahan trail on Palawan. Red-crested Malkoha Phaenicophaeus superciliosus: A few were seen at Subic Bay at the beginning of the tour with great views of several on Mount Makiling at the end. Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis: Several were heard on Palawan, with one seen from the bus as we left Sabang. Lesser Coucal Centropus bengalensis: Heard at a number of wetland sites, and seen at Bislig and at Iwahig. Philippine Coucal Centropus viridis: One or two seen at Subic and on Mount Kitanglad, with a bizarre leucistic bird at Mount Makiling. Black-faced Coucal Centropus melanops: Several at PICOP. The amazing sonorous hoots are one of the characteristic sounds of PICOP. 14 Birdquest: Philippines 2010

15 Rufous Coucal Centropus unirufus: Good looks at several at Subic Bay. Classified as Near Threatened by BirdLife International, the world population is thought to be declining owing to habitat loss. TYTONIDAE Australasian Grass Owl (Eastern Grass Owl) Tyto longimembris (NL): One seen by Richard at Bislig Airport at dusk. STRIGIDAE Mindanao Scops-Owl Otus mirus (H): Heard briefly and distantly from the camp on Mount Kitanglad. Luzon Scops-Owl Otus longicornis: One rescued from a bird-trapper s net at Mt Polis and released; if we were Buddhists, we would certainly have all acquired some merit! Mantanani Scops-Owl Ous mantananensis: Eventually, and despite the best efforts of the ghost of Michael Jackson, good views in the spotlight on Pandan Island. Almost endemic to small islands in the Philippines, the species just squeezes onto some offshore islands around northern Borneo (including, of course, Mantanani Island). Classified as Near Threatened by BirdLife International, the world population is estimated at 10,000-19,999. It is listed as Near Threatened because there are some indications that it has a moderately small, fragmented population which is undergoing a continuing decline owing to forest loss. Palawan Scops-Owl Otus fuliginosus: After hearing its amazing low growling call on the first evening near Sabang, we eventually all had good looks on the second evening. Classified as Near Threatened by BirdLife International, the world population is estimated at 10,000-19,999. It is listed as Near Threatened because there are some indications that it has a moderately small, fragmented population and range, which are declining owing to forest loss. Northern Philippine Scops-Owl Otus [megalotis] megalotis: One seen in flight at Subic Bay, and a single call heard at Mount Makiling. Southern Philippine Scops-Owl Otus [megalotis] everetti (H): Genetic studies have shown that this and the previous form are probably best treated as separate species and the southern birds are much smaller (but I am sceptical about the supposed differences in voice). Heard at Mount Kitanglad and at PICOP. Giant Scops-Owl Mimizuku gurneyi (H): Heard at the camp on Kitanglad on several occasions, and often fairly close by, but we had no luck in seeing this notoriously difficult bird. Classified as Vulnerable by BirdLife International, the world population is estimated at 2,500-9,999 and is decreasing. This owl has a small population which is undergoing a rapid decline and severe fragmentation as a result of extensive deforestation. Brown Hawk-Owl (Brown Boobook) Ninox scutulata: One seen briefly and unexpectedly near to Sabang. Chocolate Hawk-Owl (Chocolate Boobook) Ninox randi: Great views of one at PICOP. A recent split from Brown Hawk-Owl Ninox scutulata, which occurs in India and South-East Asia (east to Palawan). Philippine Hawk-Owl (Philippine Boobook) Ninox philippensis: Heard at Subic Bay, and seen well on both mornings at the end of the tour on Mount Makiling. Mindanao Hawk-Owl Ninox spilocephala (H): Heard at PICOP (and presumably seen in flight), an unlucky combination of circumstances thwarted our efforts to see this one. Usually lumped with Philippine Hawk-Owl, but the birds on Mindanao are small and short-tailed and are vocally distinct. Spotted Wood-Owl Strix seloputo: Well done Richard! Two seen roosting along the trail near Sabang, one of which showed very well; we were even able to direct Tim to the right spot for views later the same day. 15 Birdquest: Philippines 2010

16 PODARGIDAE Philippine Frogmouth Batrachostomus septimus: Stunning spotlight views at Kitanglad and seen in flight at PICOP. Palawan Frogmouth Batrachostomus chaseni: Good views of a calling bird near to Sabang, and what hairy ears! Generally considered to be a race of Javan Frogmouth. However, the distinct vocalizations of this form definitely warrant it being split as Palawan Frogmouth. CAPRIMULGIDAE Great Eared-Nightjar Eurostopodus macrotis: First seen at Subic Bay, we also saw and heard them at other sites such as Banaue, Mount Kitanglad and PICOP. Large-tailed Nightjar Caprimulgus macrurus: Seen at the lodge at Sabang and heard nearby, and also heard on Pandan Island. Philippine Nightjar Caprimulgus manillensis: Seen by Richard at Mount Kitanglad, and by everyone along the runway at Bislig airfield. APODIDAE Island Swiftlet (Uniform Swiftlet) Collocalia vanikorensis: Small numbers at Subic, Mount Polis, Banaue and PICOP. Palawan Swiftlet Collocalia palawanensis: A few along the road in the Sabang area and seen well at the Balsahan Trail. This form was previously lumped with Island Swiftlet but several authors, including Sibley & Monroe, split it off as a separate species. Glossy Swiftlet (White-bellied Swiftlet) Collocalia esculenta: Common at most sites. Grey-rumped Swiftlet Collocalia marginata: Common at Subic, with a few at Mount Makiling. The extent of the grey rump seems quite variable. Formerly lumped with Glossy Swiftlet, this form is endemic to the Philippines. Pygmy Swiftlet Collocalia troglodytes: A swiftlet that we could identify with 100 per cent certainty due to its narrow white rump. Common at PICOP and a few around Sabang on Palawan. Brown-backed Needletail (Brown Needletail) Hirundapus giganteus: Around 20 over the road near Sabang. Purple Needletail Hirundapus celebensis: Three at Mount Polis and another three at PICOP. Also found on Sulawesi. House Swift Apus nipalensis (NL): Four at Mount Polis. Asian Palm-Swift Cypsiurus balasiensis: Four on the last morning at Los Banos. HEMIPROCNIDAE Whiskered Treeswift Hemiprocne comata: Great views at Subic Bay, with others at Kitanglad and PICOP. TROGONIDAE Philippine Trogon Harpactes ardens: One seen and others heard at PICOP, with good views of a male on the last morning at Mount Makiling. CORACIIDAE Dollarbird Eurystomus orientalis: Two or three at Subic, and also seen at PICOP. ALCEDINAE Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis: Several noted at Candaba Marshes and a couple seen at White Beach and by the lodge at Sabang on Palawan. 16 Birdquest: Philippines 2010

17 Indigo-banded Kingfisher Alcedo cyanopectus: Great views of a pair on the Lagawe River near to Banaue. Silvery Kingfisher Alcedo argentatus: This superb kingfisher was seen well at a small roadside pool at PICOP. Classified as Vulnerable by BirdLife International, the world population is estimated at 2,500-9,999 and is decreasing. This species qualifies as Vulnerable because it has a small population which is undergoing a rapid decline as a result of the loss and decline in quality of its forested lowland stream habitats. Rufous-backed Kingfisher Ceyx rufidorsa (H): Heard on a couple of occasions on Palawan. Stork-billed Kingfisher Halcyon capensis: One at Rasa Island. White-throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis: A scatter, but most obvious at Subic Bay and PICOP. The endemic race in the Philippines, gularis, has hardly any white on the throat. Rufous-lored Kingfisher Halcyon winchelli: Great views of a pair at PICOP on our first morning there with others heard. Classified as Vulnerable by BirdLife International, the world population is estimated at 2,500-9,999 and is decreasing. It is thought to be undergoing a rapid population decline as a result of extensive loss of lowland forested habitats throughout its range. White-collared Kingfisher (Collared Kingfisher) Halcyon chloris: Scattered, mostly on roadside wires. Spotted Wood-Kingfisher Actenoides lindsayi: Heard at Subic but then stunning views for all of three at Mount Makiling. Blue-capped Wood-Kingfisher Actenoides hombroni (H): Close, but no cigar. We heard it on Mount Kitanglad, but not a glimpse. Also heard distantly at PICOP. Classified as Vulnerable by BirdLife International, the world population is estimated at 2,500-9,999 and is decreasing. It is an apparently sedentary inhabitant of primary forest and occasionally secondary and disturbed habitats across a wide altitudinal range (100-2,400m), although generally above 1,000m. Extensive deforestation has been a significant threat. However, the species appears to show preference for montane habitats, therefore mining for chromite and nickel in the mountains of eastern Mindanao is perhaps the greatest threat. MEROPIDAE Blue-throated Bee-eater Merops viridis: Good views of several at Subic and one at Mount Polis. Blue-tailed Bee-eater Merops philippinus: Around 25 at Candaba and two or three at the foot of Mount Makiling. BUCEROTIDAE Luzon Hornbill Penelopides manillae: Good views of a few at Subic at the beginning of the tour and heard at Mount Makiling. Mindanao Hornbill Penelopides affinis: Two seen well at Kitanglad, and small numbers at PICOP. Writhed Hornbill (Writhed-billed Hornbill) Aceros leucocephalus: One seen in flight on the rainy day at PICOP. This species is listed as Near Threatened by BirdLife International. It is likely to be declining moderately rapidly owing to habitat loss, as well as exploitation by hunters and trappers. Its population size could be small, as it is largely restricted to primary forest, and it should be carefully monitored. Palawan Hornbill Anthracoceros marchei: Four on the first evening near Sabang and then two at St Paul s the following morning. Classified as Vulnerable by BirdLife International, the world population is estimated at 2,500-9,999 and is decreasing. Its small population is declining rapidly as a result of the loss of lowland forest, compounded by hunting. Rufous Hornbill Buceros hydrocorax: Another species that was formerly common that is now in drastic decline. Great views of five, including black-and-buff juveniles, at PICOP. This species is listed as Near Threatened by BirdLife International. It is a forest-dependent 17 Birdquest: Philippines 2010

18 species and is declining moderately rapidly throughout its range as a result of habitat loss and persecution by hunters and trappers. CAPITONIDAE Coppersmith Barbet (Crimson-breasted Barbet) Megalaima haemacephala: Commonly heard at many sites, we saw just a few. On Luzon, it is represented by the nominate subspecies while on Mindanao the form is mindanensis. PICIDAE Philippine Pygmy Woodpecker Dendrocopos maculatus: Seen very well at Subic and Mount Kitanglad, and heard elsewhere. Sooty Woodpecker Mulleripicus funebris: Excellent views of several of these impressive woodpeckers at Subic. Its call sounds like a referee s whistle. Great Slaty Woodpecker Mulleripicus pulverulentus: Two seen superbly well near Sabang. White-bellied Woodpecker Dryocopus javensis: Several seen very well at Subic, including two at a presumed nest in a telegraph pole, with two more at PICOP; a stunning woodpecker. Greater Flameback Chrysocolaptes lucidus: Several seen well at Subic (race erythrocephalus). Common Flameback Dinopium javanense: Several of the race everetti were seen on Palawan. PITTIDAE Red-bellied Pitta (Blue-breasted Pitta) Pitta erythrogaster: Good views of one at PICOP and (another seen by Richard there) and a juvenile showed well near Sabang. Hooded Pitta Pitta sordida: Fairly quiet this year, but heard at Subic and seen near Sabang. Steere s Pitta Pitta steerii: A calling bird scoped at close range at PICOP, and a couple more seen briefly there by Simon. Classified as Vulnerable by BirdLife International, the world population is estimated at 2,500-9,999 and is decreasing. It inhabits lowland forest on limestone karst or forest liberally scattered with limestone boulders, up to 750m. It has also been encountered in stunted and secondary formations in close association with limestone. The ecological significance of its preference for limestone is not clear, and the fact that forest clearance is its main threat will not come as a surprise. HIRUNDINIDAE Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica: Common throughout. Pacific Swallow Hirundo tahitica: Rather scarcer than its northern cousin, but seen at a good number of sites it seems to be commonest around bridges, under which it presumably nests. Striated Swallow Hirundo striolata: First seen by Richard at the hotel at Banaue, we all caught up with it at the base of Mount Makiling. ALAUDIDAE Oriental Skylark Alauda gulgula: Common in the dry fields at Los Banos. The subspecies here is said to be wolfei in the field guide, but other authorities (e.g. HBW) include wolfei in wattersi which also occurs in Taiwan. To complicate matters further, wattersi is sometimes considered to be part of the (sometimes split) Japanese Skylark. CAMPEPHAGIDAE Bar-bellied Cuckoo-Shrike Coracina striata: The raucous flight calls first alerted us to these uncouth birds at Subic, and we went on to see them at several other sites. Blackish Cuckoo-Shrike Coracina coerulescens: Good views of several at Subic. Black-bibbed Cuckoo-Shrike Coracina mindanensis: Several sightings of this scarce and increasingly difficult-to-find Philippine endemic at PICOP. Classified as Vulnerable by BirdLife 18 Birdquest: Philippines 2010

19 International, the world population is estimated at 2,500-9,999 and is decreasing. It has been up-listed to Vulnerable because it is now suspected to be declining at a rapid rate, owing to continuing deforestation in the lowlands to which the species appears to be restricted. This decline is projected to continue. McGregor s Cuckoo-Shrike Coracina mcgregori: Two sightings in mixed flocks on Mount Kitanglad. This species is listed as Near Threatened by BirdLife International as it has a moderately small range, and although much of its habitat is apparently secure, some habitat loss has occurred within the range. (But, as Pete pointed out last year, apply this argument consistently and every species in the Philippines is threatened.) Black-and-white Triller Lalage melanoleuca: One seen distantly at PICOP (subspecies minor). Pied Triller Lalage nigra: Seen as we walked off Kitanglad and then several on Pandan and Rasa Islands. Ashy Minivet Pericrocotus divaricatus: A nice flock of 20 or so at Subic on the second morning, then two near Sabang and again small flocks of Mount Makiling. Fiery Minivet Pericrocotus igneus: A few were seen well along the road near to Sabang. Classified as Near Threatened by BirdLife International, as the species is likely to be declining moderately rapidly throughout its range as a result of forest clearance. Philippine Minivet Pericrocotus leytensis: A few seen well at PICOP. The males on Mindanao are orange rather than red and have a distinctive buzzing call, and are sure to be split in the future. Note, leytensis was the first Philippine form to be described, and hence the species is named after that form. There are three races on Mindanao, our birds were probably gonzalesi. IRENIDAE Philippine Leafbird Chloropsis flavipennis: Several good views at PICOP. Classified as Vulnerable by BirdLife International, the world population is estimated at 1,000-2,499 and is decreasing. This lowland forest species has a small population, being known recently from just two sites. It is assumed to be undergoing a rapid decline as a result of habitat loss, and populations are likely to be severely fragmented. Yellow-throated Leafbird Chloropsis palawanensis: Several seen well in the Sabang area. Common Iora Aegithina tiphia: Heard widely on Palawan and seen near Sabang. PYCNONOTIDAE Black-headed Bulbul Pycnonotus atriceps: Commonly heard along the roadside between Sabang and Puerto Princessa, but only a few seen, and also seen over the Balsahan Trail. Yellow-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus goiavier: Common in scrubby open country and forest edge on Luzon and Mindanao and seemingly increasing as its available habitat increases. Yellow-wattled Bulbul Pycnonotus urostictus: A few at PICOP (philippensis) and seen at a nest on Mount Makiling (nominate). The spiky crest and pale eye-ring make this a distinctive bulbul. Grey-cheeked Bulbul Criniger bres: A few on the roadside near Sabang. Sulphur-bellied Bulbul Hypsipetes palawanensis: A somewhat drab and skulking endemic that is best picked up by call. We ended up getting good scope views along the road near Sabang. Philippine Bulbul Hypsipetes philippinus: Common on Luzon (nominate) and Mindanao (saturatior). The song varies from island to island (and even from site to site). Yellowish Bulbul Hypsipetes everetti: Fairly common at PICOP, with a lovely little song. The form here is the nominate the forms on Camiguin and the Sulus may well merit specific status. 19 Birdquest: Philippines 2010

20 DICRURIDAE Balicassiao Dicrurus balicassius: The nominate subspecies of this endemic was seen at Subic and Mount Makiling. Palawan Drongo Dicrurus [hottentottus] palawanensis: Several at White Beach and common along the road on the first afternoon near Sabang, at St Paul s and at the Balsahan Trail. Drongo taxonomy is complex and inconsistent, and it is probably best to treat this distinctive form as an endemic. For now, I have treated it as an allospecies. Mindanao Drongo Dicrurus [bracteatus] striatus: Heard on Mount Kitanglad and common at PICOP. As with Palawan Drongo, it is probably best to treat this distinctive form as an endemic. For now, I have treated it as an allospecies. ORIOLIDAE Dark-throated Oriole Oriolus xanthonotus: One seen along the road near Sabang. Classified as Near Threatened by BirdLife International, this species is restricted to forests within a region undergoing rapid and widespread deforestation. Although it remains widespread and common, it is likely to be declining moderately rapidly throughout its range. Philippine Oriole Oriolus steerii: Several seen well at PICOP and several more heard there. Black-naped Oriole Oriolus chinensis: A few at Subic and at PICOP. Philippine Fairy Bluebird Irena cyanogaster: Two showed very briefly to Simon at PICOP. Another endemic that is becoming increasingly difficult to find. Asian Fairy Bluebird Irena puella: Several seen well near Sabang on Palawan. CORVIDAE Palawan Crow Corvus pusillus: Fairly common on Palawan. With its very distinctive voice and flappy flight, surely a good split. Large-billed Crow Corvus macrorhynchos: Scattered a bird that does well in partially deforested habitats with a notable evening concentration at Subic. PARIDAE Palawan Tit Parus amabilis: Two near Sabang and also heard at the Balsahan Trail. Classified as Near Threatened by BirdLife International, this forest-dwelling species has a moderately small range and population size, which is likely to be declining as a result of habitat loss. Elegant Tit Parus elegans: First seen at Banaue, it was also noted on Mount Kitanglad and Mount Makiling. Nominate elegans, the race on Luzon, is much brighter than mindanensis of Mindanao. SITTIDAE Sulphur-billed Nuthatch Sitta oenochlamys: Seen at Mount Polis (race isarog) and we also saw the more richly coloured apo subspecies very well at Mount Kitanglad. RHABDORNITHIDAE Stripe-headed Rhabdornis Rhabdornis mystacalis: First seen by some of us at Subic and then very well at Mount Makiling at the end of the trip. Stripe-breasted Rhabdornis Rhabdornis inornatus: Up to 20 seen on sitting up on snags on Mount Kitanglad, where it has become increasingly scarce. After playing it cool for a year, David finally had a chance to celebrate! TIMALIIDAE Ashy-headed Babbler Malacocincla cinereiceps: This sneaky little babbler was seen briefly at St Pauls and on the Balsahan Trail. 20 Birdquest: Philippines 2010

21 Melodious Babbler Trichastoma palawanense: Eventually, at least six seen at the Balsahan Trail; these noisy birds usually prefer to keep to cover. Classified as Near Threatened by BirdLife International, as it has a moderately small global range and population size, and is suspected to be declining as a result of habitat loss. It remains fairly common in suitable habitats, and may be tolerant of secondary habitats suggesting that it is not at imminent risk. However, further data on its habitat requirements are urgently needed. Falcated Ground-Babbler Ptilocichla falcate: Fantastic views of a singing bird near Sabang and heard along the Balsahan Trail. Classified as Vulnerable by BirdLife International, the world population is estimated at 10,000-19,999 and is decreasing. This lowland forest specialist qualifies as Vulnerable because it has a small, fragmented range and is believed to be declining rapidly as a result of habitat loss. Streaked Ground-Babbler Ptilocichla mindanensis: A couple of poor sightings at PICOP - this species is now often difficult to see well. Mindanao Pygmy Babbler Stachyris plateni: Excellent views on two or three occasions at PICOP, including a pair apparently nest building. Classified as Near Threatened by BirdLife International, because, although it tolerates some habitat degradation, it is likely to be undergoing a moderately rapid population reduction owing to ongoing logging and clearance for agriculture. Rusty-crowned Babbler Stachyris capitalis: Good views of two in a mixed flock at PICOP. Chestnut-faced Babbler (Whitehead s Tree-Babbler) Stachyris whiteheadi: Common and easy to see at Mount Polis, indeed, probably one of the commonest bird there. Pin-striped Tit-Babbler Macronous gularis: Common on Palawan, but much more often heard than seen. This species was formerly known as Striped Tit-Babbler, but with the splitting off of related forms, it has now been re-named Pin-striped Tit-Babbler. The form on Palawan is woodi and may itself merit specific status. Brown Tit-Babbler Macronous striaticeps: A few seen at Mount Kitanglad and common at PICOP, chunterring in the undergrowth. TURDIDAE White-browed Shortwing Brachypteryx Montana: One or two seen in a thicket at Mount Polis as they fizzed and popped and heard on Mount Kitanglad. Oriental Magpie-Robin Copsychus saularis: Just one or two seen at PICOP. White-browed Shama Copsychus luzoniensis: Heard at Subic and two seen at Mount Makiling; what a beautiful yodelling song. White-vented Shama Copsychus niger: Great views at St Pauls and on Pandan island. Luzon Water-Redstart Rhyacornis bicolor: We walked down to the river for great views of both male and female at Bay-yo near Mount Polis. Classified as Vulnerable by BirdLife International, the world population is estimated at 2,500-9,999 and is decreasing. It has a very small range and rather strict ecological requirements which are likely to make it more sensitive to habitat loss and degradation, resulting in rapid population declines. Pied Bushchat (Pied Chat) Saxicola caprata: One or two at Mount Polis and at Bislig airport. Island Thrush (Mountain Blackbird) Turdus poliocephalus: Several at Mount Polis. Eyebrowed Thrush Turdus obscurus: Good numbers at Mount Kitanglad, with scope views of several including some bright males. SYLVIIDAE Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis: Often picked up by its sharp, flowerpecker-like call, a few were seen on Mount Kitanglad and at Mount Makiling. Philippine Leaf-Warbler Phylloscopus olivaceus: One of these rather subtle Phylloscopus showed to Simon at PICOP. 21 Birdquest: Philippines 2010

22 Mountain Leaf-Warbler Phylloscopus trivirgatus: Common at Mount Polis (benguetensis) and a few on Mount Kitanglad (flavostriatus). The Philippine birds are very drab compared to elsewhere in SE Asia, but have similar songs and calls. Those on Mount Kitanglad are particularly dull and show obvious white in the tail. Clamorous Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus stentoreus: Several at Candaba and small numbers at Bislig airstrip; heard at White beach on Palawan. Oriental Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus orientalis: Several at Candaba. Larger than the previous species with a subtly thicker bill, streaked breast and pale outer tail feathers. Tawny Grassbird Megalurus timoriensis: Commonly heard in open country and first seen well at Mount Kitanglad. Striated Grassbird Megalurus palustris: Commoner and generally a lot more conspicuous and easier to see that Tawny Grassbird. A real giant of a warbler! Middendorff s Grasshopper-Warbler Locustella ochotensis (H): Heard at Candaba and at Bislig Airport; this species is often very hard to see. Philippine Tailorbird Orthotomus castaneiceps: The first of a very sneaky set of tailorbirds, with one seen and others heard at Subic. Rufous-fronted Tailorbird Orthotomus frontalis (H): Despite trying hard, we did not even seen a leaf move at PICOP. Grey-backed Tailorbird Orthotomus derbianus: Eventually, good views for all at Mount Makiling. Mountain Tailorbird Orthotomus cucullatus: A few were seen well at Mount Polis. Rufous-headed Tailorbird Orthotomus heterolaemus: A few seen very well at Mount Kitanglad and many more heard there. A strikingly attractive species. Rufous-tailed Tailorbird Orthotomus sericeus: Seen near Sabang and then well at the Balsahan Trail on Palawan. Black-headed Tailorbird Orthotomus nigriceps: Two or three at PICOP, with good views in the end. Bright-capped Cisticola Cisticola exilis (H): Heard at Bislig Airfield. Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis: Common at Candaba, Bisling Airfield and at the foot of Mount Makiling. Luzon Bush-Warbler Cettia seebohmi: Good views of several at Mount Polis where they were probably the commonest bird, with birds singing all along the road, even down to the hotel. Benguet Bush-Warbler Bradypterus seebohmi: One showed well near Bay-yo. Long-tailed Ground-Warbler (Long-tailed Bush-Warbler) Bradypterus caudatus: A bird of the nominate subspecies seen briefly at Mount Polis while subspecies unicolor was seen at Mount Kitanglad (even soaring ). Differences in size, plumage and voice suggests that these two may actually be separate species. MUSCICAPIDAE Rufous-tailed Jungle-Flycatcher Rhinomyias ruficauda: One gave great views at PICOP. Often a tough bird to find. Grey-streaked Flycatcher Muscicapa griseisticta: Several of these smart migrants were seen, the first of which were at Subic. Mountain Verditer-Flycatcher Eumyias panayensis: Several on both Mount Polis (nigrimentalis) and common on Mount Kitanglad (nigriloris). Also found on the Moluccas and Sulawesi. Mugimaki Flycatcher Ficedula mugimaki: A male seen briefly on the higher slopes of Mt Kitanglad. Palawan Flycatcher Ficedula platenae: We enjoyed good views of this very attractive and confiding flycatcher along the Balsahan Trail. Classified as Vulnerable by BirdLife International, the world population is estimated at 10,000-19,999 and is decreasing. This flycatcher has a small range which is rapidly declining as a result of continuing clearance, degradation and fragmentation of lowland primary forest habitats. 22 Birdquest: Philippines 2010

23 Little Pied Flycatcher Ficedula westermanni: Several at Mount Kitanglad. Palawan Blue Flycatcher Cyornis lemprieri: Great views of a male and female near Sabang. Classified as Near Threatened by BirdLife International, as it has a it has a moderately small, fragmented range, within which it is assumed to have declined moderately rapidly owing to forest clearance. It is not considered more threatened because it can use secondary habitats and lower montane forest. PETROICIDAE Citrine Canary-Flycatcher Culicicapa helianthea: One seen briefly at Mount Polis. MONARCHIDAE Pied Fantail Rhipidura javanica: Two or three at Candaba, several more were seen on Palawan. Blue Fantail Rhipidura superciliaris: Several seen well in the mixed flocks at PICOP; these fantails do sometimes fan their tails, but more often wave and gyrate them. Blue-headed Fantail Rhipidura cyaniceps: Several in the mixed flocks at Mount Polis. Black-and-cinnamon Fantail Rhipidura nigrocinnamomea: A few on Mount Kitanglad; a gorgeous endemic. Rufous Paradise-Flycatcher Terpsiphone cinnamomea: Eventually, one seen very well in a mixed flock at PICOP; another stunner. Blue Paradise-Flycatcher Terpsiphone cyanescens: This hyperactive and often skittish species was seen along the road near Sabang. Black-naped Monarch Hypothymis azurea: A scatter, but much more often heard than seen; the adult male is easily as stunning as the next species. Short-crested Monarch Hypothymis helenae: Several at PICOP, with good views of these electricblue monarchs at close range. Classified as Near Threatened by BirdLife International, this poorly known and apparently rare species is likely to be declining moderately rapidly as a result of habitat loss. PACHYCEPHALIDAE Green-backed Whistler Pachycephala albiventris: Several at Mount Polis. Yellow-bellied Whistler Pachycephala philippinensis: This unobtrusive but vocal bird was first seen at Mount Kitanglad, with a few more at PICOP and at Mount Makiling at the end of the trip. MOTACILLIDAE Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea: Widespread on ones and twos. The subspecies that winters in the Philippines is robusta. Kamchatka Wagtail Motacilla (flava) simillima: Scattered sightings, with the most on Mount Kitanglad and in the paddies at Iwahig. The form simillima is often considered invalid and is merged with tschutschensis. White-faced Pied Wagtail Motacilla [alba] leucopsis: A male in the wet paddies by the lodge at Sabang. Easily identified as this race/species with its black crown, nape and mantle, white face, lacking a black eyestripe, white chin and upper throat, more or less isolated black bib, white median coverts and extensively white greater coverts. Breeds in easternmost Siberia, Korea, eastern China and SW Japan, and winters from northern India and Nepal through southern China to South-East Asia. This may be the first record of this form for the Philippines. Paddyfield Pipit Anthus rufulus: First seen at Candaba with a few elsewhere including good views on Mount Kitanglad and at Sabang and Iwahig 23 Birdquest: Philippines 2010

24 ARTAMIDAE White-breasted Wood-Swallow Artamus leucorhynchus: Scattered, especially on roadside wires, but particularly common around Subic at the beginning of the tour. LANIIDAE Long-tailed Shrike Lanius schach: First seen on wires on the journey to Banaue, we saw several more during the tour, especially at Mount Kitanglad. The endemic subspecies involved is nasutus. Brown Shrike Lanius cristatus: Common almost everywhere. The grey-crowned subspecies lucionensis is a common winter visitor to the islands. STURNIDAE Short-tailed Glossy Starling Aplonis minor: At least six on Mount Kitanglad. This species has declined greatly (it used to be common here). Asian Glossy Starling Aplonis panayensis: Getting ever commoner at PICOP and small flocks at several other sites, especially on Palawan. Coleto Sarcops calvus: Great views at Subic and one at PICOP. Bald is beautiful, or so they say! Crested Myna Acridotheres cristatellus: Three showed well at the base of Mount Makiling. Introduced to the Philippines. Apo Myna Basilornis miranda: Good numbers of these bug-eyed starlings, complete with punk hairdos, on Mount Kitanglad. Classified as Near Threatened by BirdLife International as it has a highly restricted and fragmented range, being known from only a small number of sites. Common Hill Myna Gracula religiosa: One seen and other noisy birds heard along the road near Sabang. NECTARINIIDAE Plain-throated Sunbird (Brown-throated Sunbird) Anthreptes malacensis: A pair at White Beach on Palawan. Grey-throated Sunbird Anthreptes griseigularis: A male high in a tree at PICOP and then at pair in poor light at Mount Makiling. This is a recent split from the previous species, but I am not at all convinced. Both species are supposed to occur in different parts of both Luzon and Mindanao. Copper-throated Sunbird Nectarinia calcostetha: Great scope views of an obliging male on the drive to Sabang, with others seen there. Even better views, at eye level, on Rasa island, and seen at the roadside on the drive to the airport. Olive-backed Sunbird Nectarinia jugularis: Fairly common and widespread, with sightings at Kitanglad and Bislig Airfield. On most of the islands, the subspecies seen was jugularis, but on Palawan it is the race aurora which has a beautiful orange band across the breast (below the dark throat). Purple-throated Sunbird Nectarinia sperata: Common in PICOP, with several near Sabang on Palawan (at both locations the subspecies is trochilus). Flaming Sunbird Aethopyga flagrans: A pair showed nicely at Mount Makiling; represented here by the nominate subspecies. Grey-hooded Sunbird Aethopyga primigenius: This subtly attractive sunbird was seen daily on Mount Kitanglad. Classified as Near Threatened by BirdLife International, because it has a small, fragmented range. Metallic-winged Sunbird Aethopyga pulcherrima: This stunner was seen well at Mount Polis (jefferyi). Apo Sunbird Aethopyga boltoni: Two on the upper slopes of Mount Kitanglad. Classified as Near Threatened by BirdLife International, it has a small range restricted both geographically 24 Birdquest: Philippines 2010

25 and altitudinally. It is thought to be relatively stable at present within this area but careful monitoring of potential threats is required. Lovely Sunbird Aethopyga shelleyi: Good views on several occasions on Palawan, and easily detected by its monotonous call. Handsome Sunbird Aethopyga bella: Seen briefly in PICOP. Until recently, this form was lumped with Lovely Sunbird. Naked-faced Spiderhunter Arachnothera clarae: A pair around a nest in PICOP. Little Spiderhunter Arachnothera longirostra: A few brief flypasts at PICOP and several seen well on Palawan. The birds on Palawan, race dilutior, have a broad and conspicuous yellow eyering and very dull plumage overall (though amazing yellow-orange pectoral tufts); yet another split in the future? DICAEIDAE Olive-backed Flowerpecker Prionochilus olivaceus: One seen at the last moment in PICOP. Palawan Flowerpecker Prionochilus plateni: Common on Palawan, and seen very well (and even scoped) on several occasions. Striped Flowerpecker Dicaeum aeruginosum: Several were seen on Mount Makiling. Many authors lump this form in the widespread Thick-billed Flowerpecker D. agile. Olive-capped Flowerpecker Dicaeum nigrilore: Fairly common at Mount Kitanglad, with some great views. Flame-crowned Flowerpecker Dicaeum anthonyi: A male was seen by Richard on Mount Polis (the nominate form here has yellow underparts) and a male was seen on Mount Kitanglad (kampalili, with greyish-white underparts). Classified as Near Threatened by BirdLife International, the world population is estimated at 10,000-19,999. This species is listed as Near Threatened because it has a moderately small, fragmented range and population, both of which are undergoing a continuing decline owing to habitat loss and degradation. Bicoloured Flowerpecker Dicaeum bicolor: Around four in bare trees (with the Stripe-breasted Rhabdornis) on Mount Kitanglad. Red-keeled Flowerpecker Dicaeum australe: Seen very well on the lower slopes of Mount Kitanglad and again at Mount Makiling, where it was common. Buzzing Flowerpecker Dicaeum hypoleucum: First seen well at Mount Kitanglad, and several at PICOP, where commonly heard buzzing; the race on Mindanao, pontifex, has dark mouse-brown upperparts and satiny pale grey underparts, a subtle but distinctive combination. Orange-bellied Flowerpecker Dicaeum trigonostigma: All of our sightings were at PICOP, where the race is cinereigularis. Fire-breasted Flowerpecker (Buff-bellied Flowerpecker) Dicaeum ignipectus: Several on Mount Kitanglad (race apo). Pygmy Flowerpecker Dicaeum pygmaeum: First seen on the drive to Sabang (race palawanorum) and seen around mistletoe in a large tree at Mount Makiling (nominate pygmaeum) at the end of the tour. ZOSTEROPIDAE Lowland White-eye Zosterops meyeni: Around ten in the university campus at Los Banos; this species is almost endemic to the Philippines, but also occurs on some small islands off Taiwan (if indeed it really is the same species there?). Everett s White-eye Zosterops everetti: At least two at PICOP. Mountain White-eye Zosterops montanus: Common at Mount Polis (whiteheadi) and abundant on Mount Kitanglad (vulcani). 25 Birdquest: Philippines 2010

26 Black-masked White-eye Lophozosterops goodfellowi: Around four on the higher slopes of Mount Kitanglad. Cinnamon Ibon Hypocryptadius cinnamomeus: This rather aberrant white-eye was seen on Mount Kitanglad. PLOCEIDAE Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Tree Sparrow) Passer montanus: Abundant. ESTRILDIDAE Red-eared Parrotfinch Erythrura coloria: One brief bullet for most of us on Mount Kitanglad, but Audrey saw three well there. Classified as Near Threatened by BirdLife International, it is believed to have a small range, within which it is relatively secure but may be inherently susceptible to emerging threats in the future. Java Sparrow Padda oryzivora: One at Candaba was a surprise. Introduced to the Philippines. White-bellied Munia Lonchura leucogastra: Two flew over the road at Subic and two more seen in flight at PICOP. Chestnut Munia Lonchura malacca: Seen in rice fields on several occasions, with the most at Bislig airfield. Previously the national bird! The race on the Philippines, jagori, has black underparts with chestnut flanks and a narrow, broken chestnut breast-band. FRINGILLIDAE White-cheeked Bullfinch Pyrrhula leucogenis: Good views of a small group in the treetops on Mount Kitanglad. MAMMALS Northern Palawan Tree Squirrel Sundasciurus juvencus: A few seen on Palawan. Golden-capped Acerodon (Golden-crowned Flying Fox) Acerodon jubatus: Around 250 seen well in roadside trees at Subic, some of which showed the golden crown. An endangered endemic and reputedly the world s largest bat by weight. Large Flying-Fox Pteropus vampyrus: Perhaps a thousand in trees at Subic (near the above species). Long-tailed Macaque (Crab-eating Macaque) Macaca fascicularis: Seen at Subic and on Palawan. Rat sp. I have been unable to identify the rat seen at the roadside on Mount Polis. REPTILES Water Monitor Varanus salvator: Several at St Paul s (they have nostrils near the tip of the snout). BIRD OF THE TRIP 1 Philippine Eagle 2= Luzon Scops Owl Philippine Cockatoo 4= Red-bellied Pitta Falcated Ground-Babbler Barred Buttonquail Philippine Frogmouth Spotted Wood Owl Palawan Peacock-Pheasant 26 Birdquest: Philippines 2010

27 PHILIPPINES 2010 All photographs by Simon Harrap unless indicated. CLOCKWISE: Blue-naped Parrot; Whiskered Treeswift; Large Flying-fox (in flight and roost tree); Golden-capped Acerodon; Greystreaked Flycatcher; Green Racquet-tail. Philippines 2010: colour page 1

28 Rat sp. at Mount Polis (photos Hal Swartz); Luzon Scops Owl: trapped and released; Luzon Water-Redstart Philippines 2010: colour page 2

29 CLOCKWISE: Colasisi; Short-tailed Glossy Starling; Philippine Frogmouth. Philippines 2010: colour page 3

30 CLOCKWISE: Cinnamon Bittern; Rufous-lored Kingfisher; Rufous Hornbill; Grey-hooded Sunbird; Striated Grassbird; Pink-bellied Imperial Pigeon. Philippines 2010: colour page 4

31 CLOCKWISE: Great Slaty Woodpecker; Palawan Peacock-Pheasant; Palawan Flowerpecker; Oriental Hobby; Palawan Blue Flycatcher. Philippines 2010: colour page 5

32 CLOCKWISE: Asian Drogo- Cuckoo; Black-chinned Fruit-Dove; Yellow-throated Leafbird; Spotted Wood Owl; White-faced Pied Wagtail (photos: Hal Swartz); White-vented Shama. Philippines 2010: colour page 6

33 CLOCKWISE: Pied Imperial Pigeon; Grey Imperial Pigeon; Philippine Cockatoo; Mantanani Scops Owl. Philippines 2010: colour page 7

34 Philippines 2010: colour page 8 CLOCKWISE: Chinese Goshawk; Philippine Falconet; Spotted Wook Kingfisher (male above, female below).