ARCH1001 Virtual Museum

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1 ARCH1001 Virtual Museum rep li ca (rep li-ka) n. 1. A copy or reproduction of a work of art, especially one made by the original artist. 2. A copy or reproduction, especially one on a scale smaller than the original. These replicas were made by students of ARCH1001: Introduction to Archaeology. The goal was to introduce students to the process of experimental archaeology and how archaeologists interpret human behaviour from artefacts.

2 ARCH1001 VIRTUAL MUSEUM Indigenous Cultures Bullroarer (Turndun) Lauren Hibbird BACKGROUND: This object is found in a mix of cultures wordwide in various shapes, sizes and with different uses in each, whether it be spiritual, ritual, musical, or practical. Multiple uses are known in these various cultures and time periods. In Australia the Aboriginal people decorate the turndun with local fauna to the artist s location and taste. Pine wood was shaped with a jigsaw then the edges sanded down. Acrylic paint and paint brushes were used for the art work. Didgeridoo Emma Rackebrandt BACKGROUND: This artefact is a musical instrument similar to the horn and trumpet found in the northern parts of Australia. The didgeridoo is a central part of aboriginal life and ceremony, and can only be made and played by men. The replica was made with a cardboard tube, which was first painted with a light brown, followed by a dark brown to create the timber look. I then rubbed an earthy red/brown on it to make it look like ochre has been rubbed on the timber. I used acrylic paints to paint the design. To make the mouthpiece smaller I melted candle wax and moulded it to the top of the tube. Finally, I rubbed dirt over the whole tube, including the wax, to recreate the ochre rubbing on traditional didgeridoos.

3 Kaurna Bark Shield (Wolkatee) Trevor Tisdall Inuit rock sculpture Victor Huynh BACKGROUND: The Kaurna lands stretched form Port Augusta to Cape Jervis and from the sea to the start of the Mount Lofty ranges. For 7,500 years the Kaurna people used stone tools to manufacture weapons from bone, wood and bark. The Wolkatee was an essential defensive weapon in armed confrontations. With great agility and courage the warrior would wait until the spear arrived before parrying it or catching it in his shield. With deadly accuracy he would then throw his own spear for distances up to 90m. The shield was discarded once the hostilities were over. Using stone tools and basic timber tools, the bark was cut from a living gum tree. The resultant blank was worked with stone tools to dress the bark and to attach a sapling handle. The paint is made from ochre from the Onkaparinga estuary and chalk. Each ingredient was ground, mixed with animal grease and applied with the fingers. It is half the size of a conventional Wolkatee. BACKGROUND: Inuit hunters used these rock sculptures to guide the way while travelling in the arctic. The inuksuk is also an object of veneration that has been embedded in inuit culture since the Dorset era in 2000 BC. To create the Inuksuk, solid, dry rocks were balanced on top of each other. the word Inuksuk in the Inuit language means that which acts in the capacity of a human, therefore the finished sculpture is supposed to look like a human.

4 Indigenous Cultures Hohokam necklace of turquoise and shell beads with shell pendant Joan Smolenski BACKGROUND: Turquoise was used by many native Indian cultures in southwestern America and Mesoamerica in religious items and ornaments(eg fetishes, jewellery and mosaics). Turquoise pieces were rounded, a hole was drilled in the centre then the beads where polished; grinding and polishing was done using several grades of abraders. A drilling tool was used to make the holes. The shell beads had the apex ground away to expose the cavity. The shell pendant was roughly shaped, ground to the disc and the holes drilled. Beads and shell were strung on spun cotton cordage. Folio

5 Polynesian sailing chart Alexandra Coutinho BACKGROUND: Sailing Charts were used by the Polynesians until the early 19th century to navigate between Islands. It is one of their many navigational techniques that allowed them to traverse thousands of miles to their native homelands across Micronesia and Polynesia. To make the Sailing Chart, thin pinewood sticks were cut and glued together and then tied with lashing. Shells were then glued to string and tied onto the appropriate places on the map. Indigenous Cultures

6 Indigenous Cultures Leister spear Vikki Collis BACKGROUND: Leister spears were used by Northwest coast American Indiands as a fishing spear. Salmon and other small fish were caught using these spears. Recovered spears have been dated back to 9000 b.p., although due to the decay of the natural materials used, specific dates are unreliable. To produce the Leister Spear a straight pine tree branch was used. An eight inch slice was made down the middle, starting at one end, to create a base for the bone projectile points. Wooden wedges and small nails were used to hold the bones in place, then wrapped with natural twine. Folio