Severe Accident Facilities for European Safety Targets. The SAFEST Project

Transcription

1 Severe Accident Facilities for European Safety Targets. The SAFEST Project A. Miassoedov Institute for Nuclear and Energy Technologies KIT University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and National Laboratory of the Helmholtz Association

2 Project background Severe accidents are the focus of considerable research involving substantial human and financial resources worldwide too many challenging physical phenomena, complicated further by high temperatures and presence of radioactive materials any individual country has no sufficient resources (both human and financial) to address all important phenomena in the framework of a national research programme Requirements for the evaluation of the corresponding risks and update of former evaluations uniform use of the best state of knowledge on severe accident phenomenology and qualified computer tools and appropriate methodology taking into account notably the inevitable evolutions in reactor operations (new type of fuel higher burn-up extension of plant life new generations of reactors) 2 A. Miassoedov

3 Project background Necessity of integrating major European severe accident research facilities into a pan-european laboratory: severe accident and corium studies providing resources to other interested European partners for better understanding of possible accident scenarios and phenomena improving safety of existing and, in the long-term, of future reactors 3 A. Miassoedov

4 Project main goals Development of research roadmaps (including EU-Japan and EU- Russia) to focus future European R&D on the stabilisation and termination of severe accidents in PWRs and BWRs Establishing the access to SAFEST research infrastructure to investigate all important phenomena from the early core degradation to corium pool formation in the lower head, and ex-vessel melt situations Creation of an integrated pan-european laboratory for severe accident research able to address and successfully resolve the wide variety of issues related to severe accident analysis and corium behaviour Continuous improvement and upgrading of the SAFEST infrastructure to increase the experimental capabilities and overall quality of R&D to meet current and future challenges Applications of the results of the project to the European light water reactors 4 A. Miassoedov

5 Eight project partners, coordinated by KIT Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT, Germany) Commissariat à l'energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA, France) Royal Institute of Technology (KTH, Sweden) Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (EK, Hungary) Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU, Karlsruhe) UJV Řež, a.s. (UJV, Czech Republic) AREVA NP GmbH (ANP, Germany) Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK, Belgium) 5 A. Miassoedov

6 Project website SAFEST website: Information about the project Description of the facilities Contact information Proposal submission form Downloads Members area (password protected) Update on the project progress 6 A. Miassoedov

7 Project structure Project duration: 4 years starting on 1 July 2014 SAFEST is structured in 5 work packages: WP1 MANAG: Project Management WP2 DRR: WP3 DRI: WP4 UCF: WP5 PDK: Development of research roadmaps Distributed research infrastructure Upgrading the capacity of facilities and increasing the quality of R&D Preserving and disseminating the knowledge 7 A. Miassoedov

8 Development of research roadmaps (1/2) To develop a common vision and research roadmaps for the next years and to define research challenges to contribute to further reinforcement of NPP safety European corium experimental research roadmap Focusing of future European R&D on providing evaluation of the stabilisation and termination of severe accidents in Gen II PWRs and BWRs taking into account the results of European stress tests Joint Fukushima experimental research roadmap with Japan Assessment of long-term goals and proposals for experimental support needed for proper understanding and interpretation of Fukushima accident, analysis of collected debris in European and Japanese laboratories and even processing of molten cores 8 A. Miassoedov

9 Development of research roadmaps (2/2) Joint experimental research roadmap with Rosatom Development of a joint research roadmap between European and Russian organisations to identify the relevant activities for joint projects that would address severe accident issues important for both Europe and Russia European safety research roadmap for next generation plants Development of safety research roadmap for next generation plant safety taking advantage of the knowledge and expertise obtained for existing reactors as well as specific safety characteristics of considered Gen IV designs 9 A. Miassoedov

10 Distributed research infrastructure To integrate major European research facilities into a pan-european laboratory for severe accident and corium studies and to open it for interested user groups In-vessel corium and debris behaviour Reduce the remaining uncertainties or possibly solve the issues in corium behaviour during the in-vessel phase of severe accidents. QUENCH, LIVE, RESCUE, POMECO-FL, POMECO-HT, CODEX, CERES Ex-vessel corium and debris behaviour Provide new data and understanding of ex-vessel fuel-coolant interaction, debris bed formation, coolability and corium-concrete interaction. DISCO, MOCKA, VULCANO, KROTOS, DEFOR, SES, MISTEE, SICOPS Corium properties Improve the existing corium properties database; provide validated data for severe accident codes. VITI, FLF, COMETA 10 A. Miassoedov

11 SAFEST facilities at KIT QUENCH LIVE DISCO MOCKA QUENCH: early and late in-vessel phases of core degradation for different reactor types LIVE: evolution of the late in-vessel phase of a severe accident, incl. formation and behaviour of molten pool in LH MOCKA: corium-concrete interaction with stratified oxide and metal melts DISCO: integral DCH investigations to simulate melt ejection from the RPV to the reactor cavity after the RPV failure 11 A. Miassoedov

12 SAFEST facilities at CEA RESCUE VULCANO VITI KROTOS RESCUE: investigation of in-vessel retention capabilities for small and medium reactors VULCANO: study of corium spreading, interaction with concrete, solidification, etc. at temperatures of up to 3000 C VITI: viscosity and surface tension measurements of different corium compositions by aerodynamic levitation KROTOS: steam explosion phenomena studies with about 5 kg of corium at more than 2850 C 12 A. Miassoedov

13 SAFEST facilities at KTH DEFOR POMECO SES MISTEE DEFOR: study of melt jet fragmentation in water and formation of solid debris with up to 80 kg of simulant corium melt. POMECO-FL: Study of two-phase flows in a porous media. POMECO-HT: Study of the debris coolability and dryout heat flux SES: investigation of fuel coolant interaction in stratified melt coolant configuration MISTEE: Study of steam explosion under well-controlled conditions. 13 A. Miassoedov

14 CODEX CERES FLF SAFEST facilities at EK CODEX: study of the early phase of core degradation with electrically heated fuel bundles at high temperatures CERES: investigation of cooling of the flooded outer surface of reactor vessel in large scale for a wide range of thermal-hydraulic parameters SAFEST facility at ITU FLF: laser heating/melting and fast pyrometry facility to study the melting behaviour of pure compounds and binary systems 14 A. Miassoedov

15 COMETA SICOPS SAFEST facility at UJV COMETA: cold crucible induction furnace designed for several kilograms of corium that can be melted and analysed including melt sampling, aerosol and melt composition analysis SAFEST facility at ANP SICOPS: study of different phenomena of molten corium interaction with concrete or other sacrificial material in a cold crucible with sustained heating and with material mass of up to 20 kg 15 A. Miassoedov

16 Transnational access to SAFEST infrastructure Community support will be provided to cover costs of transnational access to the SAFEST infrastructure for researchers from Member States and Associated States, other than the country where the lab is located, in order to promote access for researchers to infrastructures that provide essential and unique services to the European research community. Access to researchers from 3 rd countries could also be envisaged, where such access is part of the promotion of broader international cooperation with the countries concerned. The active participation of major infrastructure operators and potential users will be required to achieve the objectives. Expected impact: optimised use of existing nuclear research labs in Europe in all activities of the programme and facilitated access to these labs by researchers throughout Europe. 16 A. Miassoedov

17 Use of the SAFEST infrastructure Access for interested users from EU (except from the country where the lab is located) and Associated/Third Countries to perform tests in selected facilities Announcement of the rules of access to the SAFEST test facilities Two calls for proposals will be announced Submission of proposals by interested users Number of tests and the facilities used will be defined by the international User Selection Panel, costs are used as one of the selection criteria Specific test objectives and exact test conditions will be defined by the selected User Group after acceptance by the User Selection Panel Visit by 1-4 scientist(s) during 1 day to ~1 month for the performance of experiment(s) together with infrastructure s scientific and technical team The EU will cover all facility and T&S costs. Visiting organisation pays only visitors salary(ies) User Groups may bring specific apparatus to install in our facility User Group will take the leading role in the preparation of the experiment report and dissemination of the test results 17 A. Miassoedov

18 Who can use SAFEST infrastructure? Scientists from EU Member and Associated States organisations National research centers Universities Electricity generating utilities Manufacturers of nuclear power plants Organizations that provide technical back-up to safety authorities Technical safety organisations 18 A. Miassoedov

19 SAFEST calls for proposals The first call was open from November 1, 2014 to February 28, proposals from 9 countries 13 facilities User Selection Panel on March 27, 2015 will evaluate the submitted proposal and recommend the experiments to be performed in SAFEST The second call will be opened from October 1, 2015 to February 29, 2016 The announcement will be coming in September 2015 Check the SAFEST website for updates 19 A. Miassoedov

20 Upgrading the capacity of facilities and increasing the quality of R&D (1/4) Recommendations for selecting simulant materials and scaling approaches compare the strategies for selection of simulant materials and scaling approaches identify the properties of simulant materials to represent, to the greatest extent possible, the important physical properties of the real core materials (depending on phenomena to be studied) identify and validate scaling approaches to extrapolate the results to reactor case prepare recommendations for selection of appropriate scales and materials for future corium experiments 20 A. Miassoedov

21 Upgrading the capacity of facilities and increasing the quality of R&D (2/4) Thermophysical properties of corium perform series of experiments to determine density, surface tension and viscosity of multicomponent corium compositions perform series of experiments to determine electrical conductivity of multicomponent corium compositions in simplified geometry compared to that used in previous electrochemistry experiments 21 A. Miassoedov

22 Upgrading the capacity of facilities and increasing the quality of R&D (3/4) Improving corium melting, heating techniques and high temperature instrumentation develop experimental setups, measurement methods and qualification of measured data to describe and quantify aerosols released from corium melts depending on the corium melt composition adapt and tests pyroreflectometry techniques for temperature measurements of corium mixtures in SAFEST facilities improve infrared systems to allow reliable measurements of high temperatures of molten mixtures containing both metals and oxides 22 A. Miassoedov

23 Upgrading the capacity of facilities and increasing the quality of R&D (4/4) Corium sample analysis develop techniques and equipment for the sampling and temperature measurements in presence of aerosols start round-robin to compare sample analysis techniques between the different SAFEST lab Modelling of experiments in SAFEST facilities essential for planning the experimental set-ups and interpreting the experimental results theoretical understanding of the phenomena and experimental observations developing and validating models for core degradation, oxidation, debris and molten pool behaviour 23 A. Miassoedov

24 Preserving and disseminating the knowledge Preserving and updating the experience workshops on information exchange on engineering issues related to corium experiments, including high temperature instrumentation, measurement techniques, heating methods, experimental artefacts, posttest examinations and analysis methodology dissemination of the best experimental practices within the consortium knowledge transfer to younger generation Raising the competence level of SAFEST staff A mobility programme will be established where researchers will be delegated to other consortium laboratories for education and training Launching new PhD and postdoctoral research 2 new PHDs and 2 new postdocs related to the SAFEST R&D tasks exchange of students between the consortium labs special student sessions during the SAFEST project review meetings to monitor and to assess the progress and the quality of the PhD and postdoctoral research 24 A. Miassoedov

25 Timescale and milestones WP Task No.: Activity Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 WP1: Project management MS1: Setup of the website MS7: 1 st project review meeting MS10: 2 nd project review meeting MS11: Final project seminar WP2.1: EU safety roadmap WP2.2: EU-Japan roadmap WP2.3: EU-ROSATOM roadmap WP2.4: EU Gen-IV roadmap WP3: Access to SAFEST distributed research infrastructure MS12: Proposal on WP2 management structure MS13: Start of discussions with Japan MS14: Start of discussions with ROSATOM MS2: Publication of rules of access to SAFEST facilities MS4: 1 st User Selection Panel Meeting MS3: 1 st call for proposals MS5: Start of 1 st access to SAFEST infrastructure MS8: 2 nd User Selection Panel Meeting MS6: 2 nd call for proposal MS9: Start of 2 nd access to SAFEST infrastructure WP4.1: Guidelines for scaling WP4.2: Corium properties WP4.3: Upgrading facilities WP4.4: Corium sample analysis WP4.5: Modeling of tests MS15: Start of round-robin on corium sample analysis MS16: Implementation of eutectic fixed point cell in SAFEST laboratories WP5.1: Preserving knowledge WP5.2: Raising competence WP5.3: PhDs and postdocs 1 st technical workshop 2 nd technical workshop MS17: Publication of rules for mobility of researchers 1 st student session 2 nd student session 3 rd technical workshop 3 rd student session 25 A. Miassoedov

26 Acknowledgments The authors gratefully acknowledge funding by Euratom to support the work within SAFEST project Thank you for your attention! 26 A. Miassoedov