The Future of Smart Everyday Objects. Advances in Human Computer Interaction Sven Steudter

Transcription

1 The Future of Smart Everyday Objects Advances in Human Computer Interaction Sven Steudter

2 Overview Introduction Economical Chances Privacy, Definitions and Risks Social Challenges and Implications Conclusion

3 Introduction Current Situation: increasing miniaturization of computer technology power of microprocessors doubles every 18 months => Moore's Law decreasing cost of hardware Consequences: invisbile and pervasive computers "ubiquitous computing" (uc) [We]iser 1991

4 Introduction Why does UC influence society? Hardwaredevelopment advances: Sensornetworks: sensitive data measured, RFID Memory expansion: permanent storage of data, because of cheaper and bigger memory Character of new products: Ubiquity: ominpresence of computers Invisiblity: computers not recognized by humans

5 Introduction Radio Frequency Identification RFID-Tags Features: electronic labels unique number wireless query of data up to few KB memory active, with own energy supply or passive, energy provided by induction

6 Introduction Nowadays RFID-Tags used in: logistics, Wal-Mart german passports: Picture, fingerprint access control, cip-pools UdS human implants, Barcelon night club payment system for VIP customers...

7 Introduction advances in field of wireless communication: cheaper, smaller Wireless products: Global Positioning System, GPS mobile phones, broadband WLan Bluetooth

8 Introduction Facet,Smart Camera Network of Mobile Phones, ETH Zurich: java enabled phones combined with camera and bluetooth sets up an ad-hoc sensor network bayesian network estimates position of person

9 Economical Chances Two technologies initiate new processes tracking objects in real-time monitor status via embedded sensors Improvements in: stocktacking optimized transparency in supply-chain goods can monitor themselves and can correct environment, "self-conscious" products, e.g. Gammelfleisch

10 Economical Chances Real-time economy: increasing amount of entities, like goods or factories are enhanced with additional information, e.g.: location, state new methods of monitoring occur just-in-time process control over whole lifecycle of products

11 Autonomous Purchasing Objects Idea: intelligent, linked objects order automatic

12 Pay-per-Use Development of digital rights management systems lead to objects, which are used and not entirely bought Nowadays Examples: DVD only playable for 48 h Call a Bike, DB Berlin, FFM,.. "Schlauer Parken" Saarbruecken

13 Premium Options Amount of data can generate premium services Possible: traceability and proveability of cold chain health insurance, fine-grained calculation but also, privacy as premium service

14 Privacy, Definitions and Risks Harvard law professor Lessig distinguishes motives for protection of privacy in laws and standards different facets of privacy: Privacy as Empowerment Privacy as Utility Privacy as Dignity Privacy as Regulating Agent

15 Privacy as Empowerment Privacy interpreted as informational privacy Aim: people have power: to control publication distribution of own information Subclasses: Privacy as private property: Privacy can be sold, all or only parts Privacy as intellectual property: Privacy is a inalienable right

16 Privacy as Utility Privacy interpreted as maxmimum benefit for the involved person Aim: "minimizing amount of disturbance for individual" E.g. : protection against unsolicited s or phone calls "The right to be left alone." (Brandeis)

17 Privacy as Dignity Privacy as protection of dignity Aim: equilibrium of information available between two individuals information asymmetry should be avoided Definition provides wider spectrum than beeing free from unsubstantiated suspicion whereever a information imbalance occurs, probability to be exploitet increases E.g.: conversation between fully dressed and naked person

18 Privacy as Regulating Agent privacy laws and morals are tool to control powers of elite Aim: limiting information of certain type Consequence: violation of that type is difficult to control

19 Acceptance of Monitoring MIT professor Marx: "Central to our acceptance... of outrage wrt. surveillance... are the implications for crossing personal borders." [Ma] natural borders: physical borders of observability social borders expectations wrt.confidentialy in social groups spatial or temporal borders parts of live isolateted from other parts borders due to ephemeral or transitory effects action, that hopefully will be forgotten

20 Power of searching and combining information bits new methods for information retrieval needed automated audio/video diary useless without new searching routines combining of information and databases increases possibility of services, but also higher risk for privacy violation

21 Social Challenges and Implications Privacy only one implication sucess and acceptance depends on more social impacts today, people can decide, if they use computer technology in future it is possible, that escape is not possible more challenges exist

22 Reliability Problem: needs and circumstances change over time ubiquitous system must be able to adjust itself: Manageability: Problem: Is complex system still manageable? Predictability: Problem: Fault detection on invisible system! Dependability: Problem: Smaller devices limit possibility for hardware redundancy!

23 Delegation of Control Given: Complex, highly dynamic environments Difficulty: human interaction => minimize Consequence: routine tasks should be executed by automatic processes Content Control: Who guarantees objectivity and accuracy? System Control: Who has the final say over decisions? Ubiquitous system or human user? Accountability: Who is responsible for failures?

24 Social Compatibility Humans need to be capable to use and particpate in complex systems Systems need to be adjusted well: Transparency Knowledge Sustainability Fairness Universal Access

25 Acceptance Success of systems strongly related to acceptance Feasibility and Credibility Artifact Autonomy: Functionality of object depends on infrastructure, e.g. ebook-license, contra: auto-thermostat Impact on Health and Environment: electromagnetic radiation, virtual lifespan difference increases waste

26 Conclusion sucess of smart objects directly related to economical sucess privacy violations could endanger acceptance different definitions of privacy exist need to care about social implications like: health and environment

27 References Bohn J. et al Living in a World of Smart Everyday Objects. Journal of Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 10(5): Hilty,Auswirkungen des Pervasive Computing auf Gesundheit und Umwelt. Studie des Zentrums für TechnologiefolgenAbschätzung, ITU The Internet of Things [We]iser M The Computer for the 21st Century. Scientific American, 265(3):66-75 [Ma]rx GT Murky Conceptual Waters: The Public and the Private. Ethics and Information Technology,3(3):

28 Thank you!