National S&T Planning in Korea

Transcription

1 National S&T Planning in Korea new framework and practice Jang-Jae Lee, Ph.D. Seoul, Korea

2 Contents Introduction What is national S&T planning? Korea s S&T system and NSTC New framework of national S&T planning Practice of national S&T planning in Korea Concluding Remarks

3 Introduction i National S&T Planning : a regular feature of the government S&T policy in Korea since Foundation of NSTC: 1999 Trend in public S&T Arena: emphasis on from evaluation to planning and from top-down to bottom-up An increased interest in national S&T planning - to better allocate scarce public resources - in search for the appropriate role of government The presentation aims to - review the issues in the national S&T planning - introduce new framework and practice in Korea

4 What is national S&T planning? Planning: an attractive solution to the problems comprises formulation and interrelation of goals and the systematic determination of the various ways. needs the use of techniques to assess the feasibility of goals and the means of reaching them ii Planning process: 2 stages or phases(wildavsky) - creating the Macroplan : conscious choice, direction, control of circumstances by forecasts/ fixing overall target for the future - filling in the plan : eliciting project proposals/evaluating project proposals in terms of planning priorities/ consolidating projects in the macroplan/enforcing plan priorities

5 What is national S&T planning? Institutional Structure Societal Norms and Priorities Natural Resources Societal Priorities Project Norms Community Norms iii Policy: acts on macro-variables (contextual) (investment pattern, income distribution, incentives/constraints affecting import of technology) Macro-Planning acts on nation, sector, industry etc(choice of specific area development in a nation or sector) Micro-Planning acts on specific projects in particular communities(settings) (choice of specific technical system for a particular project or enterprise) Choice of Technology Macro: aggregate specific techs (in nation, sector) Micro: technology of project or enterprise Impact on Development Technical (outputs,goods, services) Commercial (income generation) Economic (income generation adjusted to reflect social benefits and costs) Ecological (resource utilization, exploitation/conservation) Social (distributional impacts, assumptions about stakeholders) Cultural (values) Political (power relations among key players) Organizational/Institutional (structure and process)

6 What is national S&T planning? Process of formulating national S&T goals and determining systematically ways to which these goals can be attained Authorized planner with knowledge and power Participatory decision-making system Assessment of technological capabilities Forecasting technological development Considering implementation and resources iv

7 What is national S&T planning? v Participatory decision-making system - participation by all affected parties - active involvement of the top leadership - thorough analysis of all possible alternatives and consequences - supported by regularly updated technological information data base Assessment of technological capabilities - evaluation of national technological capabilities - derivation of technological areas of relevance - classification of technological areas of relevance - determination of specific, generic, and clusters of technologies - classification and time-phasing of national technological needs - review and adjustment

8 vi What is national S&T planning? Communication & Coordination S&T Monitoring & Forecasting Setting Priorities & Selecting Key Techs Consensus Commitment

9 Korea s S&T system and NSTC vii Period 1960 s 1970 s 1980 s Industrialization Develop importsubstitution industries Expand export-oriented light industries Support producer goods industries Expand heavy and chemical industries Shift emphasis from capital import to technology import Strengthen export-oriented industrial competitiveness Transform industrial structure to one of comparative advantage Expand technologyintensive industry Encourage manpower development and improve productivity of industries S&T Development Strengthen S&T education Deepen scientific and technological infrastructure Promote foreign technology imports Establishment of MOST(1967) Expand technical training Improve institutional mechanism for adapting imported technology Promote research applicable to industrial needs Develop and acquire top-level scientists and engineers Start national R&D programs (MOST: 1982, MOCIE: 1987, etc) Promote industrial technology development

10 viii Korea s S&T system and NSTC Period 1990 s 2000 s Industrialization Promote industrial structure adjustment and technical innovation Promote efficient use of human and other resources Improve information networks Promote knowledge-based industries Reduce industrial regulations Strengthen national competitiveness S&T Development Diversify national R&D programs (MOST, MOCIE, MIC, etc.) Strengthen demand-oriented technology development system Internationalize R&D systems and information networks Develop emerging technologies Strengthen planning, evaluation and coordination of national R&D programs(nstc:1999) Reinforce internationalization of R&D system

11 ix Korea s S&T system and NSTC MOST: lead agency in S&T policy-making since 1967 Being diversified in S&T policies since early 1990s - Major players: MOST, MOCIE, and MIC Lack of workable institutional coordinating mechanism before 1999 Increases in needs for rational approach in formulation of national S&T policy National S&T Council presided by the President(1999): coordination, planning, and evaluation, resource allocation

12 Korea s S&T system and NSTC Government R&D Expenditure (billion in Korean Won) 6,500 6,000 5,500 5,000 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, % 7.7% % 23.0% 1,027 1, % 4.8 billion US $ 3,714 3,328 4,430 51,583 3,325 4,403 44,853 3,316 3, % 2, % 29,342 32,74037, % 15.0% 1, % 14.5% 29, % 4,193 5,734 6,171 10,126 12,487 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Growth Rate x General account + Special account Amount invested from funds -10%

13 Korea s S&T system and NSTC xi HAN Project (G7) Dual Use Tech. Program Space Tech. Development Program MOST MOST National R&D Programs Creative Research Initiatives NRL Program 21C Frontier Program Nuclear Energy Development Program Basic Science Program MOE MOCIE MIC Academia Support Program Industrial Technology Program (Program for SME s Key Tech. Program) Alternative Energy & Energy Conservation Program Information & Telecommunication Technology Program MOD Dual Use Tech. Program MOHW Health & Medical Technology Program MOEnv Environmental Technology Program Key Environment Tech. Program MOAF Agricultural Technology Program SMBA Small Business Innovation Research BK21 Program

14 Korea s S&T system and NSTC Heightened degree degree of of accountability accountability More More effective effective and and efficient efficient use use of of public public funds funds emphasis emphasis on on Performance Performance perspectives perspectives on on public public R&D R&D Continued Government Government R&D R&D Investment Investment Increases Increases FY FY 2002: 2002: 5,158 5,158 Billion Billion Won Won (4.3 (4.3 Billion Billion US US $) $) Highly Highly Diversified Diversified R&D R&D Activities Activities by by Ministries Ministries and and Agencies Agencies more more than than 2oo 2oo Programs Programs by by ministries ministries Increasing Attention on on More Efficient and Effective Allocation & Use of of the Government s R&D Budget National Science and Technology Council(NSTC) established on on March 1999 xii Developed New Initiatives for Evaluation and Coordination of National R&D areas

15 xiii Korea s S&T system and NSTC National S&T Council (NSTC) President Prime Minister Ministries Presidential Advisory Council on on S&T S&T 3 S&T S&T Research Societies(GRIs) Science & Technology (MOST) Commerce, Ind. Ind. &Energy (MOCIE) Information & Communication Communication (MIC) (MIC) Other Other Ministries (17) (17)

16 Korea s S&T system and NSTC xiv National Science and Technology Council(NSTC) - chair: President - members: S&T related Ministers(15)+selected Civilian Experts(9) Steering Committee - chair: Minister of MOST - members: S&T related Deputy Ministers(17)+selected Civilian Experts(12) - role: pre-view and coordinate proposed agenda to the NSTC Planning & Coordination Committee - chair: selected Civilian Member - role: S&T promotion policy-making, S&T planning,s&t foresight, census, analysis, evaluation Biotech/Nanotech/Space Committee

17 xv New framework of national S&T planning Science and Technology Basic Law (STBL) of replaces Special law for S&T Innovation(SLSTI) requires NSTC to formulate National S&T Basic Plan, to conduct technology forecast, survey of national technology level, as well as technology assessment - SLSTI forces NSTC to carry out two new initiatives, Analysis and Evaluation and Pre-budget Review of the national R&D programs

18 xvi New framework of national S&T planning NSTC s activities present: Analysis and Evaluation and Pre-budget Review of the national R&D programs, annually : National S&T Basic Plan : National Technological Roadmap(NTRM) : National S&T Basic Plan for Participatory Government, Technology Assessment(TA)

19 xvii New framework of national S&T planning before NSTC(1999) MOST: main S&T planner at ministerial level Other ministries: make S&T plan for themselves No S&T planning activities at national level No systematic S&T planning : relying mainly on experts judgment : government-initiated planning process

20 New framework of national S&T planning after NSTC with STBL xviii NSTC: main S&T planner at national level and control tower of various ministries S&T activities Other ministries: make their own S&T plan for themselves Systematic S&T planning : integration of tech-forecast, survey of national techlevel, analysis & evaluation of national R&D programs : relying on technological information data : civilian experts-initiated planning process

21 xix New framework of national S&T planning National S&T Planning * Long-term technology trends * Technology level & capability * Planning methods and process S&T Policy Rationales * Why a government R&D policy response * Importance to economic growth policy NSTC Resource Allocation * Pre-budget review * Coordination Impact Evaluation/Assessment * Analysis and evaluation * Input into planning * Technology assessment

22 New framework of national S&T planning National Science and Technology Council(NSTC) Secretariat Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST) xx Supporting Agency Korea Institute of Science & Technology Evaluation & Planning(KISTEP) * Tech Forecast, Assessment, Roadmap, Administrative support for Evaluation and Pre-budget Review etc. * National R&D Integrated D/B National R&D D/B

23 New framework of national S&T planning Direction of New framework - player: government-> experts from academia-industryresearch institute-government - resource: resource expansion -> efficient allocation - process: top-down -> bottom-up or mixed-up - approach: spasmodic, partial -> systematic, integrated - target: industrial tech-> public & welfare tech and industry tech - decision-making criterion: efficiency-> consensus xxi

24 National S&T S&T Planning *forecast *tech level *TA *tech trends New framework of national S&T planning Evaluation A Master Plan for Evaluation of of National R&D Programs (NSTC Secretariat (MOST)-> Ministries, End End of of Previous November) Analysis & Evaluation of of National R&D Programs (NSTC Secretariat, Mar May.) Pre-Budget Review Analysis Results Budget Appropriation Draft on on Major Activities for the Coming Year (Ministries -> -> MPB, End End of of Feb.) Budget Guidance (MPB -> -> Ministries, End End of of March) Budget Request (Ministries -> -> MPB, End End of of May) Evaluation Results Pre-Budget Review (NSTC, (NSTC, June Early July) July) Review of of Budget Request (MPB, June July) xxii Confirmation of of Results of of Pre-Budget Review (NSTC, (NSTC, July) July) Budget Appropriation (MPB, August September)

25 Practice of national S&T planning in Korea : Link S&T Basic Plan with NTRM xxiii

26 xxiv Practice of national S&T planning in Korea 5 year-science and Technology Basic Plan for Participatory Government( ) of S&T master plan for participatory government - 6months - more than 100 civilian experts and KISTEP participated - experts initiated decision-making - approved and revealed by NSTC - linked with National Technology Roadmap (NTRM)

27 xxv Practice of national S&T planning in Korea National Technology Roadmap towards 2012 of the activity of the roadmapping process of technology at national level prepared in months - more than 800 experts and KISTEP involved - first-ntrm at national level - drawing up 5 visions and strategic products & functions - experts centered decision-making - approved and revealed by NSTC

28 Practice of national S&T planning in Korea S&T Basic Plan for PG(2003) Vision 2012 NTRM(2002) Building an Information- Knowledge- Intelligence Society 5 Visions towards 2012 Aiming at Bio- Healthpia Advancing the E² (Environment and Energy) Frontier Upgrading the Value of Major Industries of Korea today Improving National Safety and Prestige xxvi

29 xxvii Practice of national S&T planning in Korea Vision 2012, National Technology Roadmap - 2-stage process 1: visions-setting process - finding sector s strategic products and functions - selecting core techs 2: roadmapping process - drawing roadmap to acquire core techs - organized the planning committee of NTRM and assistant group comprised of experts

30 xxviii Practice of national S&T planning in Korea Visions-setting process : organization structure Ministerial meetings NSTC Secretariat (MOST) NTRM Planning Committee :14 civilian experts Working Committee(18) KISTEP TFT sub-com. a sub-com. b Sub-com. n

31 Practice of national S&T planning in Korea Roadmapping process : organization structure Ministerial meetings NSTC Secretariat (MOST) NTRM Planning Committee :14 civilian experts KISTEP xxix WG 1a (24) teams Committee vision 1 WG 1b.. WG 1n WG 2a Committee vision 2 WG 2b (8) WG 2n Committee vision 3 Committee vision 4 Committee vision 5 (21) (13) (8) TFT

32 Practice of national S&T planning in Korea xxx Vision 2012, National Technology Roadmap - Scenarios methodology adapted * describe a possible future based upon a wide-ranging environmental analysis Policy 1 Future A Present T Policy 2 Future B Future C Future A, B and C are three scenarios of alternative futures. The forecast may result in R&D action as follows: Policy 1: Future A is considered so probable that decisions are made assuming the forecast is correct. Policy 2: A minimum risk policy permitting an advance to T, without precluding and of the scenarios. At time T a decision cannot be deferred any longer.

33 Practice of national S&T planning in Korea Vision Direction Products & Function Core Techs xxxi Vision I: Building an Information- Knowledge- Intelligence Society Anytime, Anywhere, Anydevice Communication Innovation in Contents & Service Ambient Intelligence 1.Digital Convergence, 2.Intelligent Computing 3.Ubiquitous Network 4.Mobile & Wearable IT Device 1.Culture contents 2.E-Commerce 3.Business Service 4Knowledge/Information Security 1.Intelligent Man- Machine Interface 2.Intelligent Robot 3.Intelligent Home Appliance 4.Intelligent Building /Home 5.Intelligent Transport System 6.Intelligent Medical System 1.Optical Communication Technology 2. High-Speed Wireless Multimedia 3.Mobile Multimedia Contents 4. New Semiconductor Device 5.Intelligent Network 6.Wearable Computer 7.High Efficiency Data Management and Storage 8.E-commerce System 9.Next Generation Information System 10.S/W Standard/ Design /Reuse 11.E-Finance 12.Art Intelligent 13.MEMS 14.Home Network 15.Intelligent Home Appliance 16.Next Generation Displays 17.Bio-dignosis technology etc. total 28 core techs

34 xxxii Practice of national S&T planning in Korea Vision Direction Products & Function Core Techs Vision 2: Aiming at Bio- Healthtopia new drug discovery & development innovation in disease treatment, diagnosis & prevention 1.Cardiovascular 2.Anticancer Agent 3.CNS 4.Pulmonary 5.Metabolism 6.Immune System 7.Vaccines 1.Diagnostics 2.Rehabilitation System 3.Medical Imaging System 4.Cell Therapy 5.Gene Therapy 6.Prognostic System 1.High-Throughput Screening 2.Target Identification/Validation 3.Drug-Likeness Evaluation Tech. 4.Drug-Candidates Optimization Tech. 5.Mass Production, Formulation 6.Drug Delivery System 7.Safety & Efficacy Evaluation 8.Clincial Studies 9.Lead discovery 10.Bio-Signal Analysis 11. Bio-imaging 12.Bio-chip & Sensor 13.Bio-materials 14.Stem Cell Culture 15.Gene Delivery System 16.Physiological Function Monitoring 17.Bio-informatics 18. Application of Bio-information

35 xxxiii Practice of national S&T planning in Korea Vision Direction Products & Function Core Techs Vision 3: Advancing the E 2 (Environment and Energy) Frontier pleasant and healthy life supplying efficient/stable and clean energy 1.Reduction of Environmental Pollution 2.Recycling System Harmonizing with Environment 3.Management of Sustainable Ecosystem 1.Efficient Use of Energy 2.Acquisition of Future Energy Source and High Value Energy 1.Air-Pollution Reduction 2.Water Quality Management & Sustainable Supply 3.Waste Reduction and Reuse 4.Environmentally Friendly Material 5.Ecosystem/Soil Pollution/ Groundwater Restoration 6.Marine Pollution Assessment & Reduction 7.Environmental Health 8.Natural Disaster Prediction 9.Weather Regulation 10.Small Cogeneration System 11.Energy Material 12.Energy Saving Process 13.Unused Energy 14.Bio-Energy 15.Hydrogen Energy etc (total 21 core techs)

36 Practice of national S&T planning in Korea Vision Direction Products & Function Core Techs xxxiv Vision 4: Upgrading the Level of Current Industries into a Higher Value Added Stage next generation transportation mechatronics advancing of residential building and social infrastructure mechatronics diversification of new materials application 1.New Automotive Systems 2.New Ocean Transportation Systems 3.New Railway Systems 1.Integrated Transporting System 2.User-friendly Advanced Construction 3.Sustainable Natural Resources and Effective Development of National Land 1.Next Generation Manufacturing System 2.Advanced Precision Mechanical System 1.New Functional Information Materials/Devices 2.Nano Materials 3.Highly Functional Metals/Ceramics/ Polymers/Textile 1.New Automotive System Technologies(Hybrid, Intelligent, Fuel Cell) 2.High Value Added & Advanced Ship Technologies 3.Marine Plants & Equipment Technologies 4.High Seed & Light Rail Transportation System Technologies 5.Integrated Transporting System 6.Intelligent Transporting System 7.Human Friendly Multi-functional Construction 8.Building Life Extending Tech. 9.Oceanic Clean Energy Development 10. Advanced SOC 11.Construction Information 12.Clean Manufacturing System 13.Ultra Precision Machining System 14 Nano Machining Equipments & Process etc. (total 20 core techs)

37 xxxv Practice of national S&T planning in Korea Vision Direction Products & Function Core Techs Vision 5: Improving National Safety and Prestige entering into the aerospace age food security and resources preservation 1.Development of Satellite 2.Development of Launch Vehicle 3.Development of UAV 4.Development of Helicopter 1.Establishment of Food Self-Sufficiency 2.Establishment of Bio-Resources Self- Sufficiency 1.Satellite System Development 2.Satellite Payload 3. LEO Satellite Launch Vehicle Development 4.Liquid Rocket Engine Development 5.UAV(Unmanned Air Vehicle) Auto- Pilot System 6. Advanced Helicopter and Subsystem 7. High Quality and Yield Crops Development 8.BT-based Highly Profitable Agriculture and Fisheries Products Development 9.Production/Processing and Preservation of High functional Foods 10.Environmentally friendly Tech. for Marine Cultivation 11.Bio-Resources Preservation and Utilization

38 Practice of national S&T planning in Korea xxxvi 5 year-science and Technology Basic Plan for Participatory Government( ) Vision: Build up Advanced Science and technology oriented nation Goal: realize the 8 th grade country on S&T in the world until 1997 Policy Directions: - leads knowledge-based society - creates new emerging tech Industry - meets socio-economic demand - internationalization of S&T activities - increase efficient resource allocation - builds new relationships between S&T and society

39 Practice of national S&T planning in Korea Organization structure NSTC Secretariat (MOST) Ministerial meetings Public hearing Planning & Coordination Committee :13 members KISTEP TFT Sub-Committee of General Service(11) Sub-Committee of Technology(28) Sub- Committee of Policy(34) xxxvii NTRM core members

40 Practice of national S&T planning in Korea xxxviii Action Plan Creates Creates a a new new engine engine for for continuous growth growth Strengthen basic basic S&T S&T potentials Deepen Deepen globalization & localization Build Build an advanced an innovation system system S&T S&T in in and and for for society society 1. Develop national strategic S&T by the selection and concentration 2. Promote basic science and research 3. Develop S&T human resources 4. Globalization of S&T activities and Build up Northeast Asian R&D hub 5. Promote S&T innovation in region 6. increase R&D expenditure and efficient resource allocation 7. Support civilian S&T activities 8. Advance the S&T infrastructure 9. Enlarge interaction between S&T and society 10.Diffuse S&T culture in the society

41 Practice of national S&T planning in Korea Creates Creates a a new new engine engine for for continuous growth growth 1. Develop national strategic S&T by the selection and concentration xxxix Strengthen basic basic S&T S&T potentials Deepen Deepen globalization & localization Build Build an advanced an innovation system system S&T S&T in in and and for for society society Vision 2012 NTRM(2002) & localization 5 Visions towards 2012 Building an Information- Knowledge- Intelligence Society Aiming at Bio- Health pia Advancing the E² (Environme nt and Energy) Frontier Upgrading the Value of Major Industries of Korea today Improving National Safety and Prestige

42 Concluding Remarks xxxx Repeated questions of S&T arena in Korea - how much do we invest in S&T(public/private) - how to allocate S&T resources efficiently - how to operate public S&T activities effectively New framework of national S&T planning is one of the answers to these questions - the results of trials and errors for decades - to link planning process with evaluation systematically - still various obstacle to carry out: compliance of participants, implementing process, how and how much to intervene in private R&D activities Emphasis on National S&T Planning - to induce private R&D - to allocate more budget to public and welfare R&D

43 Thank you!