Sectoral Marine Planning for Offshore Renewable Energy in Scotland. David Pratt Project Lead Sectoral Marine Planning for Offshore Renewable Energy

Transcription

1 Sectoral Marine Planning for Offshore Renewable Energy in Scotland David Pratt Project Lead Sectoral Marine Planning for Offshore Renewable Energy

2 What is Marine Scotland? Directorate of the Scottish Government Formed in 2009 Structure 4 Divisions Science Compliance Performance/Aquaculture Planning and Policy Offshore Renewable Energy Marine Scotland Science Renewable Energy Programme Marine Licensing and Operations Offshore Renewable Energy Marine Planning

3 Marine Scotland and The Crown Estate Marine Planning and Licensing Authority Marine Leasing Authority

4 Marine Planning in Scotland Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 National Marine Plan Regional Marine Plans Sectoral Marine Plans Strategic Environmental Assessment Habitats Regulations Appraisal Socio-economic Assessments

5 Sectoral Marine Planning Process Stage 1 Scoping RLG Output - Plan Options Stage 2 SEA HRA Socio-economics Output - Draft Plan & Sustainability Appraisal Report Stage 3 Statutory Consultation Outputs Plan and Post Adoption Statement

6

7

8 Sectoral Marine Plans for Scottish Waters Offshore Wind Energy Wave Energy Tidal Energy

9 Marine Planning - Efficient Licensing Identify strategic opportunities Identify strategic constraints Identify strategic measures for mitigation (if possible) Identify key strategic issues for consideration at project level Enhance the framework in which consenting recommendations can be made to Scottish Ministers

10 Pentland Firth & Orkney Waters Marine Spatial Plan Pilot and associated research Dr.Pippa Goldschmidt Policy Manager Marine Renewable Energy

11 Marine Scotland marine spatial planning New legislation Marine (Scotland) Act Government has powers to prepare regional plans, and these powers can be delegated to marine planning partnerships

12 Marine Scotland marine spatial planning Why are we doing a pilot? Wave and tidal resources in Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters have key national importance The Crown Estate have entered into 11 agreements for lease for wave and tidal renewables activities

13

14 3 stage process for pilot: Marine Scotland marine spatial planning 1. Planning Framework based upon existing available information. 2. Commission studies to address identified knowledge gaps required to develop a comprehensive plan. 3. Fully populated framework including stage 2 studies and policy.

15 stage 1 published in March 2011 stage 2 underway suite of environmental studies sectoral studies- Marine Scotland marine spatial planning commercial fishing strategic navigation assessment tourism and recreation to include visual impact socio-economic impact assessment of proposed renewable energy developments

16 Marine Scotland marine spatial planning Strategic navigation assessment Already have 2006 MCA AIS data shows indicative sea lanes, and shipping volumes on a scale of 1 Nm Need : More accurate up to date data showing seasonal, weather variability etc commercial vessels not on AIS; recreational vessels

17 Marine Scotland marine spatial planning Strategic navigation assessment contracted to Halcrow/Anatec More detailed study to include Commercial vessels smaller than 300 tonnes Recreational boats Working with local partners to advise us (Partly) questionnaire based approach Report due Autumn 2012

18 Marine Scotland marine spatial planning Tourism and recreation study Need to understand contribution of marine environment to tourism sector, and local way of life. To assess likely future visual impact of proposed renewables developments. Future question can we minimise visual impact whilst ensuring navigational safety?

19 Strengthening the evidence base - targeted environmental research activities Phil Alcock Policy Lead Marine Environmental Research Dr. Ian Davies Marine Scotland Science Programme Manager Marine Renewable Energy

20 Aim of the Presentation Outline the Policy Outline the Research being taken forward

21 Policy Framework Marine Planning De-risk the licensing process

22 Policy Framework 1. Studies to quantify the species and their habitats which have to be considered 2. Studies to determine spatial ranges and characteristics 3. Review of assessment methodologies and models to predict impacts 4. Review and development of methods to predict significance 5. Development of Generic mitigation methods 6. Use existing developer demonstrator site monitoring and developer activities to check impacts and key species responses

23 Habitats Regulation Appraisal HRA on the Sectoral Marine Plan for Offshore Wind in Scottish Territorial Waters Process involved screening, scoping appraisal and production of HRA Marine Scotland subsequently produced an Appropriate Assessment to fulfil EC requirements Currently finalising a parallel HRA process on the Initial Plan Framework for wave and tidal energy development

24 Review of Scottish Marine Monitoring Network Commenced in Dec 2011 Will identify capabilities and gaps in current network Will inform SEA, HRA and MSFD requirements Final output Report; GIS tool; EXCEL tool End of May

25 Targeted research programme on key receptors birds, mammals and fish Risk analysis approach Considers a specific interaction and the potential impacts arising from it including: Nature of the hazard (interaction) Exposure of vulnerable species Process of interaction Consequences of interaction at individual and population level

26 Example: Collision risk to birds from marine renewables Review of populations at SPAs Nature of the hazard (interaction) Natural Power Sensitivity of seabirds to collision at wind farms: Exposure of vulnerable species Bob Furness Review (MacArthur of need for Green) PVA in Forth/Tay Strategic Process of Parallel interaction and surveys project Moray of on Firth developments wave areas areas and tidal has been commissioned Hidef APEM by SNH Consequences SOSS of improved interaction collision at risk models individual and population level Assessments BTO, Bill Band of survey protocols and data analysis Collision risk to migrants/passage species CREEM

27 Example: Acoustic interactions with marine mammals Nature of the hazard (interaction) Active support for TCE and NERC intiatives Exposure of vulnerable species Structures of mammal populations Validation of noise dissipation models Process of interaction Progressing new work on PCAD Development of operational noise models Consequences Distribution Review of of interaction displacement of porpoise at and at wind BND farms CPODS etc individual and population level JCP Acoustic Phase environment 3 outputs of BND Field expts to observe displacement Guidance on use of CPODs

28 Further Information Marine Scotland Science Marine Scotland Offshore Renewables Team Marine Scotland Marine Environment Team Marine Scotland Web Pages earch

29 Licensing Offshore Renewable Energy Developments (Offshore Wind, Wave & Tidal) James McKie Head of Licensing Operations Team

30 This presentation will provide an update on the following; Overview Current consenting process in Scotland Current issues Renewable streamlining including the refresh of the Licensing Manual Summary

31 Who Are We Licensing Operations Team 26 professional staff based in Aberdeen Part of Marine Policy and Planning Division Split into three sections: general, seals/eps and renewables licensing Licence outfalls to offshore windfarms

32 Key Consents Required in Scotland Marine Scotland Act and Marine and Coastal Access Act Section 36 of the Electricity Act 1989 (s.36) Section 44 European Protected Species (EPS) Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act Energy Act (2004) Decommissioning issued by DECC

33 Streamlining of the Licensing Processes Licensing Operations Team (LOT) based in Aberdeen provides a one stop shop for marine licensing and consenting wave, wind and tide context What does this mean: Reduces the burden and pressures on the process Provides a mechanism to manage enquiries, interactions including meetings and issuing guidance and advice Offers the best use of resource applicant, regulator and advisors Provides focal point for the industries, stakeholders and

34 Handling Applications (Wave, wind and tide) All applications are processed by LOT s.36 has three Statutory Consultees SNH (JNCC), SEPA (inc Fisheries Committee) and Local Authorities Marine licence has four: SNH (JNCC), SEPA, NLB, MCA and MPP (when plan is in place) EPS has one, SNH The other consultees include RYA, RSPB, Harbour Authorities, Fisheries Interests, other users Objective to determine within nine months

35 The Marine Acts

36 Issues Through consultation and discussion we are aware there are issues to be addressed: So what are they snap shot only: Consenting strategies including conditions, OFTO, deemed planning, flexibilities in the approach, widest consultation Problems and solutions let us know what they are early Secondary legislation and fees Level of detail in surveys and ES s Building on approaches to HRA and AA s

37 Update and Next Steps One stop shop has been in place for one year, we continue to listen What next some additional things: Finalise refresh of renewable licensing manual and undertake consultation summer 2012 Work collaboratively to refine approaches to Rochdale Envelope, monitoring and CIA Continue to develop and refine policies to underpin licensing process and decisions MSi as window to the process Continue use of third parties to develop and refine reviews of the process Implement Ministerial Task Force Recommendations and undertake further streamlining where we have pinch points EMEC example

38 Renewable Licensing Manual The current manual is available at (wave and tide) The refresh manual includes (single document): Clarity on the development approval process and the EIA/HRA/AA processes for wave, wind and tide Outlines the policy framework and legislative background Rochdale Envelope, Survey Deploy and Monitor Highlights post approval actions Sign posts future commitments technical notes, examples of acceptable outputs, policy updates

39 Summary The One Stop Shop is in place. Discussions have highlighted issues that need to be taken forward as a priority - some policy as well as operational. Renewable licensing manual refresh is near completion. Further streamlining and amendments to approaches is underway here about what has happened at EMEC in a few minutes

40 Promoting Offshore Renewable Development in Scotland Licensing Delivery EMEC Nursery Sites a Case Study All Energy, 23 May 2012 Jennifer Norris Research Director stand K81

41 Achievement Still to come:

42 Where is EMEC? Full Scale Wave Site Full Scale Tidal Site Nursery Wave Site Nursery Tidal Site EMEC 2011

43 Licensing at EMEC Initial hopes for site licences / exemptions Device-specific licences still required (developers) Don t always require full EIA Do require supporting device-specific environmental and navigation risk assessments Marine Licensing developments give scope for simplification to avoid duplication EMEC Nursery (scale) used to test simplified process for sitewide licence Issue site licence to EMEC Issue updating amendment as devices come and go

44 Nursery test sites Smaller scale sea trials Berths with moorings Rehearsal space for deployment techniques etc Component testing More gentle sea conditions Non-grid connected Test support buoys record device performance and dissipate electricity Have site Licences

45 Nursery site activity Shapinsay Sound Scapa Flow

46 Generic site licences Application for these licences required Envelope description Characteristics of devices anticipated Range of operations anticipated ( including vessels to be used & typical duration on site) Environmental and Navigational descriptions and risk assessments HRA for species of special interest Data provided to Marine Scotland for HRA Used 1-year of EMEC monitoring data (Ian s talk ) Licences to be updated with each deployment Provided project details are contained within envelope

47 Device characterisation Mass (in air) Length Draft of surface device Height from seabed (seabed-mounted device) Device type Position in water column Specification of testing scenarios Deployment methods and mooring arrangements Operational activities also characterised Full range of activities covering installation, testing and decommissioning

48 Device categories specified Wave site Floating surface structure Sub-surface floating (neutrally buoyant) structure Seabed-mounted sub-surface structure Tidal site Floating structure with subsurface blades Surface-piercing structure with sub-surface blades Sub-surface structure with subsurface blades

49 Position in water column Wave site Partially submerged occupying top 0.5 1m Occupying 1 10m from surface Occupying significant proportion of water column, possibly extending above surface Tidal site Any device blades or other energy-capturing surfaces are likely to move within the water column to some extent ie potentially occupies all of water column

50 Type of Rotor (tidal site) Tidal site only Blades with exposed tips (may include multiple rotors, on single or multiple axles) Blades with enclosed tips (may include multiple rotors, on single or multiple axles) Single or multiple Archimedes rotors

51 Scapa Flow Wave Site

52 Wildlife observations at Scapa Flow Nursery Wave Site 2 x 2h per week Team of 2 observers VP = Howequoy Head Grid: 5mins birds 5mins mammals Funded by ScotGov

53 Shapinsay Sound Tidal Site

54 Wildlife observations at Shapinsay Sound Nursery Tidal Site 4 x 2h per week Team of 2 observers 2 VPs: Head of Holland Head of Work Grid: 5mins birds, 5mins mammals Funded by ScotGov

55 Seabird Species of Special Interest in Scapa Flow (SNH) ID Common Name Latin Name SPA 1 Red-Throated Diver Gavia stellata Hoy Orkney Mainland Moors 2 Black-Throated Diver Gavia arctica - 3 Great Northern Diver Gavia immer - 4 Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis Hoy 5 Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis - 6 Slavonian Grebe Podiceps auritus - 7 Arctic Skua Stercorarius parasiticus Hoy 8 Great Skua Stercorarius skua Hoy 9 Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla Hoy 10 Great Black-Backed Gull Larus marinus Hoy 11 Common Guillemot Uria aalge Hoy

56 Counts of Species of Special Interest in the EMEC Scapa Flow survey area Summer counts Winter counts

57 Seabird Species of Special Interest in Shapinsay Sound (SNH) ID Common Name Latin Name SPA 1 Red-Throated Diver Gavia stellata Hoy Orkney Mainland Moors 2 Black-Throated Diver Gavia arctica - 3 Great Northern Diver Gavia immer - 4 Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis Hoy, Copinsay 5 Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis - 6 Slavonian Grebe Podiceps auritus - 7 Arctic Skua Stercorarius parasiticus Hoy 8 Great Skua Stercorarius skua Hoy 9 Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla Hoy, Copinsay 10 Great Black-Backed Gull Larus marinus Hoy, Copinsay 11 Common Guillemot Uria aalge Hoy, Copinsay

58 Counts of Species of Special Interest in the EMEC Shapinsay Sound survey area Summer counts Winter counts

59 Marine Mammal Species of Special Interest in Shapinsay Sound ID Common Name Latin Name SAC Basking Shark Harbour Porpoise Killer Whale Risso's Dolphin Cetorhinus maximus - Phocoena phocoena - Orcinus orca - Grampus griseus - 5 Harbour Seal Phoca vitulina Sanday 6 Grey Seal Halichoerus grypus Faray Holm of Faray 7 Unidentified Seal - -

60 Seal Species of Special Interest in the EMEC Shapinsay Sound survey area Summer counts Winter counts

61 Cetacean Species & Basking Shark in the EMEC Shapinsay Sound survey area Summer counts Winter counts

62 Over to Ian Please visit EMEC on stand K81 (part of the Orkney pavilion)

63 Appropriate assessment of protected species at the EMEC Shapinsay site Dr. Ian Davies Marine Scotland Science Programme Manager Marine Renewable Energy

64 Models of collision risk: The Band model Combines: Physics of collision Behaviour of species of concern Size of bird Flight speed Size of blades Speed of rotation Angle of blades

65 Physics Bird or Seal Current

66 Typical Output: Predicted number of collisions per year Dives per hour Avoid.%

67 Advice from SNH Likely significant effect on: Common guillemot Cormorant Gannet Puffin Razorbill Red throated diver European shag Black guillemot Long tailed duck Slavonian grebe Harbour seal Grey seal

68 Parameters of model Two turbines, 3 blades, 20m diameter Operate 100% of the time Shallow/splash diving birds omitted Some non-spa species included (LTD, BG, SG) All birds and seals seen on/in the water considered to be actively diving Seals feed 24 hr, birds 12hr per day (LTD and SG 8 hr) Entry into the turbine swept area results in collision

69 Outputs from bird collision risk model 60 dives per hr, 98% avoidance

70 Collision risk for seals Seals generally feed on the sea bed and make regular foraging dives Harbour seals 12 per hour, Grey seals 6 per hour Swimming speed 1.8 m/s Model outputs: 0.2 collisions with harbour seals per year 0.27 collisions with grey seals PBR for Orkney Licensed Shapinsay Harbour seal Grey seal

71 Outstanding research questions Behaviour of mammals and birds underwater Fluid dynamics around turbines Estimation of avoidance rate Spatial avoidance Temporal avoidance Empirical Mechanistic Observations of numbers of collisions

72 Conclusions The development in Shapinsay Sound will not undermine the conservation objectives for birds or seals in the nearby SPAs or SACs. The AA may need to be revisited if extremely novel technologies emerge to which the model cannot be applied. The collision risk estimation can be refined as new research results become available.

73 MARINE SCOTLAND PLANNING AND POLICY David Pratt - david.pratt@scotland.gsi.gov.uk Pippa Goldschmidt pippa.goldschmidt@scotland.gsi.gov.uk Phil Alcock phil.alcock@scotland.gsi.gov.uk MARINE SCOTLAND SCIENCE Dr.Ian Davies ian.davies@scotland.gsi.gov.uk MARINE SCOTLAND LICENSING OPERATIONS TEAM James McKie jim.mckie@scotland.gsi.gov.uk EUROPEAN MARINE ENERGY CENTRE Jennifer Norris jenny.norris@emec.org.uk