Danish IT Policies and Strategies

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1 Short Summaries

2 Danish IT Policies and Strategies Experience and Issues Kim Østrup Formerly IBM, Denmark Since the beginning of the 90s the Danish government has appointed a number of committees to formulate IT policies and strategies for the Danish society in general and for different sectors. The focus will be on the 3 main reports. 1. The Information Society This report was published in 1996 and covered the main sectors of the society. It was inspired of the US notion of Super information highway and was probably the first comprehensive government report dealing with the networked society even before the Internet was widely used. The report recommends principles for applying IT in the different sectors of government and for specific initiatives. 2. Digital Denmark. The report was published in 2001 and formulates a number objectives and initiatives in the areas of: Life long learning for all; Denmark as an E-commerce nation; More effective and cheaper service via digital administration; Danish Internet initiatives; and Creation of IT lighthouses in Denmark. 3. The High-Speed Committee. The committee delivered its report in 2010 and addresses political ownership and stresses that the gap in the public sector between what can be done and what is actually done is increasing. It has recommendations for: Digitalizing of the public sector; Cloud computing; Environment, climate and green IT, and R&D in IT; Broad Band infrastructure in Denmark. Experiences The reports have created awareness for Information Technology but the specific recommendations have only to a limited extent been adopted by the ministry responsible for implementation. The three policy reports all have a strong focus on education, health and e-government, but there has been no ownership in the ministries for the proposed policies and strategies. The creation of the Digitalizing Agency (Digitaliseringsstyrelsen in Danish) has fostered a new era of administration policy with specific plans and milestones to increase cost efficiency by use of ICT in the public sector. It s interesting to note that C. Gram et al. (Eds.): HiNC4, IFIP AICT 447, pp , 2015.

3 382 K. Østrup with a few exceptions it has been difficult to find funding models to finance shared infrastructures and to agree on common open standards and open architectures. The Achilles Heel in the Public Sector is the many IT projects, which do not meet target dates, have overrun budget or do not perform according to the business case. It seems that the procurement and project model have significant systemic flaws. Politically, the Nyrup Rasmussen Government had a strong focus on the information society, whereas the Fogh Rasmussen / Løkke Rasmussen Government had few ICT initiatives (welfare technology) other than making public administration more efficient. The Thorning-Smith Government has continued this trend but has adopted new legislation e.g. mandating electronic communication between government and citizens/companies. This government recently established a growth team for ICT which presented their report in January Surprisingly, the Government s Productivity Commission has not yet addressed the ICT potential to increase productivity directly. Nevertheless Denmark scores extremely high in international surveys on different aspects of ICT and society.

4 IT developed to be Backbone for Business and Society Hans Erik Mørk Through a number of examples, it is discussed how the use of IT has developed in Denmark over the years: 1. General development of IT use: From centralized to decentralized use Punch cards, central systems, mainframes The first online systems in front office around 1976 General systems to bankers Systems to customers PC banking Phone systems and office banking systems Systems to corporate customers. 2. The IT history of Danske Bank/Københavns Handelsbank: A short summary of the IT history in Københavns Handelsbank The big mergers implemented in short time Technological platform developed into one bank one system Cooperation between banks on infrastructure/security: Common debit card (Dankort) Common payment system Common security standards. 4. Lessons learned: Implementation of IT-systems in the business process Don t let the technical people decide The nature of very big projects The fear of failure Importance of a smooth daily operation The benefit of using systems more and more efficient. C. Gram et al. (Eds.): HiNC4, IFIP AICT 447, p. 383, 2015.

5 Mobile ICT, the Development of the Past 30 Years Ole Mørk Lauridsen During World War II, radio communication between tanks, flights and mobile army units demonstrated the great gains, which mobile radio communication can deliver. In Denmark, that came through the war relatively unharmed, Great Nordic explored the possibility of founding a new industrial activity: STORNO, in 1948, based on mobile communication. This would turn out to be a groundbreaking further development of a proud Danish radio tradition, in direct continuity of the Poulsen Arc, M.P. Pedersen, Elektromekano as well as P.O. Pedersen s professorship from 1912 on the subject of telecommunication. In the 30 years since NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephony) was introduced in 1984 the fixed telephone network, as the dominant ICT infrastructure, has been replaced by mobile technologies like GSM, LTE and 5th generation, having substituted our 130 years old analogue telephone network. Services as Netflix and LTE are even competing DVB-T broadcasted TV! We have seen ICT change during the 1980s, a period where the analogue systems, one by one, was digitized and combined with the IP technology, leading to a world with a complete fusion of the different elements in ICT, as ICT is becoming a more and more important infrastructure in the modern society! Aalborg University, as personalized by Professor Jørgen Bach Andersen, has played a dominant role here. The first European Digital Radio Engineers were educated here. It soon led to a booming Danish mobile industry. In year 2000 the Danish Radio Society was so strong, that all players in the global mobile industry had development facilities in either Aalborg or Copenhagen. In that year also 60% of all global GSM type approvals were done at Telelaboratoriet by TDC in Taastrup, Copenhagen. The present Danish frame conditions, in regards of production, are unfortunately the reason that no mobile industry exists in Denmark today. This development is completely parallel to the fate of the TV industry in Denmark. In 1963, TV sets were produced each year by 16 competing factories now only B&O is left! Mobile ICT is now changing our society, Twitter and Facebook are the sources of the most mobile data communication, and the mobile possibility of being on the INTERNET around the clock now takes more of our time than even TV. PDAs are used extensively in the social and health care sector, and many remote control functions are performed by APS on them. The mobile communication computer, Smart Phone is even substituting our PC and credit cards: The money has gone mobile. C. Gram et al. (Eds.): HiNC4, IFIP AICT 447, p. 384, 2015.

6 Register Based Research Exploiting a Goldmine of Knowledge Ivan Thaulow (&) and Lars Thygesen Danmarks Statistik, Copenhagen, Denmark {ith,lth}@dst.dk Researchers in Denmark have for many years had outstanding opportunities for exploiting data from a wide range of registers. They can carry out research based on a goldmine of information on social and demographic characteristics of the population, labour market participation, health data and medical treatment, and more. All these data can be combined, and longitudinal analysis can be made. Researchers can access anonymous micro-data tailored to their needs in a secure setting at the Research Service of Statistics Denmark, who manages the service. Basic data originate from Danish official statistics that are largely based on administrative sources. As the statistics produced by Statistics Denmark cover mainly social and economic domains, cooperation arrangements have been agreed with the State Serum Institute, who manages the Danish health data. Other external data can be integrated into the datasets that are created for researchers, e.g. special surveys carried out among specific parts of the population. The real challenge of such a service is balancing, on the one hand the need for exploiting the enormously rich data bases for the benefit of society, on the other hand the need to protect the individuals who are registered. For researchers it is of course important that access is easy and allows them to do all the things that will give them the desired results. Legislation on data protection sets limits to access. ICT systems and organizational measures must reconcile these concerns. The lecture explains how the Research Service has been set up and how the challenges are managed; it also describes the performance of the arrangement and attempts to highlight results and benefits. Experience will be viewed from the researcher s as well as from the data manager s point of view. Finally we will present some of the challenges for the future: How to accommodate needs for cross-border research, and how to include data from emerging sources, commonly labelled Big Data. C. Gram et al. (Eds.): HiNC4, IFIP AICT 447, p. 385, 2015.

7 Historical Connection of IT to Learning and to Communication Anna Kristjansdottir University of Iceland and University of Agder, Norway Information Technology is nowadays considered fundamental for many activities in the modern societies. The development of technology has influenced most human activities and in particular communication of all sorts. People in general are much more familiar with the influence of IT on communication than on learning. Even many professional educationalists still lack knowledge, visions and experience in how to combine IT with learning. We shall look at how IT is connected to learning and to communication and how the connections have developed historically. Learning has for thousands of years been conceived as a particular subject, but it has predominantly been tied to and linked to the different levels of school teaching. When IT started being widely used in the 1960s, a number of projects tried to put IT into the learning process. Some regarded children as receivers that needed drill exercises, others considered children more as inventors or makers of knowledge, and some put the child at the heart of the educational process. But none took a discussion of where and how IT could support childrens learning or how IT can challenge learning and teachers, and we still haven t solved these problems. Communication is ubiquitous in the society, not tied to any particuilar institutions. But IT was quickly used in communication, simply because the technological development allowed production of cheap and smart communication devices. Especially the creation of computer networks in the 1980s gave all of us the possibility to use advanced IT to do more and wider communication than ever before. But because no particular institutions have been established to teach and study the interaction between IT and communication, it has taken rather long time to understand the character of this interaction and to combine it with pedagogical know-how. Studying IT in connection with the powerful concepts of Learning and Communication is both illuminating and rewarding and may lead to a better understanding of how IT and Learning can support each other. C. Gram et al. (Eds.): HiNC4, IFIP AICT 447, p. 386, 2015.

8 Author Index Ahava, Heikki 171 Andersen, Leif Saalbach 299 Bache, Jens 263 Brammer, Jens 167 Christensen, Gitte 339 Dahlin, Hans 236 Dybkjær, Lone 41 Ebbesen, Anders Vind 49 Gjerløv, Per 109 Graham, Peter 205 Grimstad, Helge 275 Hansen, Niels Eilif 65 Haugen, Harald 328 Holst, Morten 101 Hvidtfeldt, Axel 127 Jensen, Bent Bæk 181 Jensen, Henning 93 Jessen, Herbert 217, 227 Karlsson, Sune 236 Karlsson, Svenolof 194 Klein, Gunnar O. 321 Knudsen, Mogens 157 Kristjansdottir, Anna 386 Lauridsen, Ole 384 Lugn, Anders 194 Lundin, Per 3 Madsen, Ole Brun 181 Maixé-Altés, J. Carles 249 Mørk, Hans Erik 383 Neuvo, Yrjö 367 Nielsen, Michael 139 Ohlin, Tomas 12, 34 Olesen, Dorte 116 Olsen, Bengt 236 Orrghen, Anna 78 Pind, Anne Grethe 309 Ritsholm, Mogens 189 Sestoft, Peter 350 Simula, Olli 367 Skousen, Thomas 217, 227 Sørensen, Carina 139 Sørensen, Karl Ib Roed 147 Staupe, Arvid 22, 328 Steine, Tor Olav 290 Sundblad, Yngve 205 Thaulow, Ivan 385 Thygesen, Lars 385 Østergaard, Søren Duus 58 Østrup, Kim 381