Pattern-based Thinking for Interdisciplinary Urban Infrastructure Creation Keith Duddy, Simon Kaplan

Transcription

1 Pattern-based Thinking for Interdisciplinary Urban Infrastructure Creation Keith Duddy, Simon Kaplan

2 Thinking in systems, designs, patterns

3 Structure Our problem Patterns & pattern languages Multi-viewpoint modelling: an example of patterns in action Call to action

4 problem: smart cities Government (planning, reticulations) Government (IT, security, parking, ) Urban Planners Technologists Developers IT industry Citizens City org structure & change what is a smart city, anyway? increased complexity

5 Design Patterns Name: Stair Seats Image(s) capturing pattern essence Problem to be solved: Wherever there is action in a place, provide somewhere to sit, high enough to give a vantage point, but low enough to put people into the action Solution: Add stairs to edges to support congregation Consequences and trade-offs: (stair heights and designs) Related patterns: Seat spots, soft tile & brick, connection to the earth, window place,

6 Design Patterns Name: Light on two sides of every room Image(s) capturing pattern essence Problem to be solved: People do not occupy rooms that are only lit on one side (harsh gradients, uncomfortable, etc) Solution: Make room more welcoming and comfortable by having natural light on at least two sides of every room Consequences and trade-offs: (design considerations, eg wrinkled edges to achieve spread of outdoor wall space, ceiling heights) Related patterns: positive outdoor space, roof layout, natural doors and windows, window place, deep reveals.

7 Pattern Language Group patterns into hierarchy to create a language Wings of light Positive outdoor space Long thin house Light on two sides of every room Natural doors and windows Window place Deep reveals Filtered light

8 Alexander s influence Weak in architecture (because, perhaps obvious to architects) Very strong indeed in other design disciplines, like Software Engineering - No established design vernacular/vocabulary - Revolutionary impact

9 A software design pattern Name: Decorator Image(s) capturing pattern essence Problem to be solved: Software objects need to change functionality dynamically, but in a controlled/structured way Solution: Design and implement your objects so they can automatically delegate functionalities to auxiliary objects called decorations Consequences and trade-offs: (to do with state management, eliminating complexities) Related patterns: adaptor, facade.

10 How are patterns created? A literary process within a community Open, sharing culture Many eyeballs Rewrite, rewrite, simplify, generalise,

11 Application to smart cities? Build a common vernacular across smart city stakeholders using design patterns idea

12 Challenges Build a community Create a sharing culture

13 A smart city design Name: Lead, not lag pattern Image(s) capturing pattern essence Problem to be solved: Cities want to improve their liveability, but existing measures use lag indicators often up to a decade old. Solution: replace lag indicators by leading indicators tracking (near) real-time state of the city, to allow faster feedback and decision-making Consequences and trade-offs: (to do with risks around real-time measurement, ephemeral vs substantive insights, etc) Related patterns: ubiquitous communications substrate, traffic, parking, people movement,

14 A smart city design Name: People movement pattern Image(s) capturing pattern essence Problem to be solved: better insight into how people move around a city can allow for improved design and amenity. Solution: use technologies to track how people move around the city to build a picture of actual vs planned use. Consequences and trade-offs: (to do with privacy, seasonal data, ) Related patterns: ubiquitous communications substrate, traffic, parking, public communications infrastructure, privacy-rules,

15 A smart city design Name: See and use pattern Image(s) capturing pattern essence (next slide) Problem to be solved: cities collect lots of data now, and could collect more with sensor networks. But this data is locked up/siloed, reducing impact and benefit and creating missed opportunities. Solution: A smart city management platform can free data, allow horizontal integration, and foster insight and actions. Consequences and trade-offs: (to do with organisational barriers, creating vision, ) Related patterns: ubiquitous communications substrate, lead not lag, traffic, parking, public communications infrastructure, sharing across the council,

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17 Model Oriented Domain Analysis & Engineering Thinking Tools for Interdisciplinary Research, Design, and Engineering knowledge sharing knowledge validation knowledge visualisation knowledge reuse collaboration between humans collaboration between software agents collaboration between humans & software agents knowledge formalisation creative synthesis of knowledge validation of shared understanding working at the boundaries of knowledge commonality and variability analysis critical analysis of social externalities critical analysis of physical externalities

18 Interdisciplinary foundations 1. Appreciation for a system Systems thinking, pattern-based thinking, kaizen management system, product lines, core assets, product platform, product engineering 2. Knowledge about variation Domain analysis, kaizen, waigaya, agile software development 3. Theory of knowledge Deming s system of profound knowledge, domain engineering, knowledge representation, cultural transmission 4. Psychology Perception, learning styles, cognitive filters, neurodiversity, high performance teams, optimal conflict W. Edwards Deming

19 Patterns - a basis for Models Alexander & Gamma et al patterns are mostly text with one or two pictures to create an intuitive understanding Ambiguity is intentional to allow broader fit Patterns are instantiated to capture designs with more specificity - this can be done multiple times Visual thinking allows for easier inter-disciplinary co-design Aids communication when informal (whiteboard, mind-map) Creates a Model when formal - and this can then be used to build: - Buildings, Software, Event Correlation Specifications Patterns occur, and re-occur in Models we use a Lens concept to detect patterns and instantiate models

20 AUT Auckland University of Technology MODA + MODE is being integrated into the curriculum on entrepreneurial strategies, creative technologies, and methodologies for trans-disciplinary research and collaboration

21 agents interactions events resources The nature human energy / food production human symbols human artefacts lens transportation / communication design / engineering motivations value creation human societies critical self-reflection culture quality / maintenance A modelling language for human behaviour

22 The human lens to make sense of the world and the natural environment from a human perspective, to evolve our value systems, and to structure and optimise human activities system lens interactions semantic motivations value creation logistic lens lens play, learn, observe, question, innovate

23 The systems lens to understand and reason about systems agents interactions events resources A modelling language for complex adaptive systems

24 Example (instantiated systems lens) to understand and reason about systems agent : Bob seller economic agents agent : Joe buyer resource : tomato valuable resource event : eat lunch logistic event A modelling language for complex adaptive systems

25 The semantic lens to make sense of the world and the natural environment from a human perspective nature human symbols human artefacts motivations human societies critical self-reflection A modelling language for purpose and value systems

26 Example (instantiated semantic lens) to make sense of the world and the natural environment from a human perspective nature : Hauraki Gulf symbols : boat, fuel, exhaust artefact : boats society : clean and green New Zealanders critical self-reflection : pollution A modelling language for purpose and value systems

27 Human motivations evolution of value systems nature observe human symbols observe human artefacts observe human societies observe critical self-reflection question observe & question

28 The logistic lens to structure and optimise human activities within a given culture energy / food production transportation / communication design / engineering value creation culture quality / maintenance A modelling language for value creation and recycling

29 Example (instantiated logistic lens) to structure and optimise human activities within a given culture food production : grower economic agent transportation : containers, rail, road, ships logistic events design : supply chain valuable information & resources culture : co-operative quality : timely delivery, taste, etc. A modelling language for value creation and recycling

30 The semantic lens is a modelling language for purpose and value systems The logistic lens is a modelling language for value creation and recycling motivation Deliver Better Transport making sense of the world and the natural environment from a human perspective structuring and optimising human activities within a given culture agent Auckland City Council logistic event category communicate principle Practice everyday improvement, everybody improvement, everywhere, improvement principles are beliefs that are assumed to assist in achieving the stated goal(s) logistic event category communicate valuable resource smart timetable agent UrbanPulse bus location semantic category human society semantic category example: human symbols semantic category human artefacts logistic event category transport valuable resources are artefacts, knowledge, or experiences that are associated with at least one motivation within the semantic lens of a given culture valuable resource Bus with GPS The semantic lens assigns all (motivation, principle) tuples to one of five categories The logistic lens assigns all economic activities to one of five event categories

31 Call to action Requires multiple actors from multiple disciplinary backgrounds A physical meeting place (regular workshops) A virtual meeting place (eg wiki) to maintain momentum What fora can we leverage? What new is required?

32 Conference on Interdisciplinary Innovation and Collaboration play, learn, observe, question, innovate Challenges that Go Beyond the Established Framework of Research in Industry, Government and Academia Scientists, Engineers, Entrepreneurs, Artists & Mathematicians CIIC brings together academic researchers and practitioners every 3 months to tackle wicked problems that don t have an obvious solution.

33 Conference on Interdisciplinary Innovation and Collaboration Allows knowledge to flourish in the open creative open spaces between disciplines and organisational silos Complements the typical yearly cycle of domain-specific conferences The quarterly cycle and feedback loop between teams supports on-going and longer-term collaborations more effectively than yearly events Captures knowledge flows and transdisciplinary insights in reusable semantic models and patterns Currently runs in Auckland at AUT and in Melbourne at RMIT, and the CIIC community is available to assist with replicating the concept in other locations The CIIC Web site and online tools are available for coordinating collaboration between locations Further co-sponsors from industry, academia, and government are welcome Large organisation are now inquiring about establishing regular in-house CIIC style events CIIC invites communities and economic ecosystems to sharpen their collaborative edge by embracing open innovation.

34 Thank you! S23M & Urban Institute s23m.com ui.city Nothing beats capturing the knowledge flow of leading domain experts to co-create organisations & systems that are understandable by future generations of humans & software tools.