1-22; Rev ; 1/3 High-Gain Vector Multipliers General Description The MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 low-cost, fully integrated vector multipliers alter the magnitude and phase of an RF signal. Each device is optimized for the UMTS (MAX4), DCS/PCS (MAX4), or cellular/gsm (MAX4) frequency bands. These devices feature differential RF inputs and outputs. The MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 provide vector adjustment through the differential I/Q amplifiers. The I/Q amplifiers can interface with voltage and/or current digital-to-analog converters (DACs). The voltage inputs are designed to interface to a voltage-mode DAC, while the current inputs are designed to interface to a currentmode DAC. An internal 2.V reference voltage is provided for applications using single-ended voltage DACs. The MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 operate from a 4.V to.2v single supply. All devices are offered in a compact mm mm, 32-lead thin QFN exposed-paddle packages. The MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 evaluation kits are available, contact factory for availability. Applications UMTS/PCS/DCS/Cellular/GSM Base Station Feed-Forward and Predistortion Power Amplifiers RF Magnitude and Phase Adjustment RF Cancellation Loops Beam-Forming Applications Ordering Information PART TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE MAX4ETJ-T -4 C to + C 32 Thin QFN-EP* MAX4ETJ-T -4 C to + C 32 Thin QFN-EP* MAX4ETJ-T -4 C to + C 32 Thin QFN-EP* *EP = Exposed paddle. Features Multiple RF Frequency Bands of Operation 4MHz to 224MHz (MAX4) 14MHz to MHz (MAX4) MHz to MHz (MAX4) ±.2dB Gain Flatness ±1 Phase Flatness 3dB Control Bandwidth: 2MHz dbm Input IP3 db Gain Control Range Continuous 3 Phase Control Range.dB Maximum Gain for Continuous Phase On-Chip Reference for Single-Ended Voltage-Mode Operation mw Power Consumption Space-Saving mm x mm Thin QFN Package Single V supply Pin Configuration/Block Diagram VI1 VI2 VQ1 VQ2 II1 II2 IQ1 IQ2 1 2 3 4 32 MAX4 MAX4 MAX4 24 23 22 21 1 1 1 MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 31 3 RFIN2 2 CONTROL AMPLIFIER I CONTROL AMPLIFIER Q 2.V REFERENCE 2 2 2 2 RBIAS V CC V CC REFOUT RFOUT1 RFOUT2 RFIN1 PHASE SHIFTER VECTOR MULTIPLIER OUTPUT STAGE QFN Maxim Integrated Products 1 For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at 1--2-442, or visit Maxim s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS V CC to...-.3v to +V VI1, V, VQ1, VQ2, RFIN1, RFIN2, RFOUT1, RFOUT2...-.3V to V CC +.3V RFOUT1, RFOUT2 Sink Current...3mA REFOUT Source Current...4mA II1, II2, IQ1, IQ2...-.3V to +1V II1, II2, IQ1, IQ2 Sink Current...+mA DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Continuous RF Input Power (CW)...+dBm Continuous Power Dissipation (T A = + C) 32-Pin Thin QFN (derate 21.3mW/ C above + C)...1.W Operating Temperature Range...-4 C to + C Junction Temperature...+ C Storage Temperature Range...-4 C to + C Lead Temperature (soldering, s)...+3 C Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. (Typical Operating Circuit as shown in Figure 1; V CC = 4.V to.2v, to + C, R BIAS = 2Ω, no RF inputs applied, RF input and output ports are terminated with Ω. Typical values are at V CC = V and T A = +2 C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS Supply Voltage Range V CC 4..2 V MAX4 Operating Supply Current I CC MAX4 MAX4 Differential Input Resistance, VI1 to VI2, VQ1 to VQ2 Common-Mode Input Voltage, VI1, VI2, VQ1, VQ2 Input resistance between VI1 and VI2 or VQ1 and VQ2 ma.. kω V CM 2. V Input Resistance, II1, II2, IQ1, IQ2 Single-ended resistance to ground Ω Reference Voltage V REFOUT REFOUT unloaded 2.3 2.4 2. V AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Typical Operating Circuit as shown in Figure 1; V CC = 4.V to.2v, to + C, R BIAS = 2Ω, f IN = 2.GHz (MAX4), f IN = 1.GHz (MAX4), f IN = MHz (MAX4), input current range = to 4mA (if using a current-mode DAC), and differential input voltage range = to.v (if using a voltage-mode DAC). If using a current-mode DAC, voltage mode I/Q inputs are left open. If using a voltage-mode DAC, all current-mode I/Q inputs are left open. Typical values are at V CC = V and T A = +2 C, unless otherwise noted.) (Notes 1, 2, 3) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS RF Differential Input Impedance Ω RF Differential Output Impedance 3 Ω RF Differential Load Impedance Ω Continuous Phase Range 3 Degrees 2
MAX4 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Typical Operating Circuit as shown in Figure 1; V CC = 4.V to.2v, to + C, R BIAS = 2Ω, f IN = 2.GHz, input current range = to 4mA (if using a current-mode DAC), and differential input voltage range = to.v (if using a voltage-mode DAC). If using a current-mode DAC, voltage mode I/Q inputs are left open. If using a voltage-mode DAC, all current-mode I/Q inputs are left open. Typical values are at V CC = V and T A = +2 C, unless otherwise noted.) (Notes 1, 2, 3) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS Frequency Range 4 224 MHz RF Input Return Loss - db RF Output Return Loss -.4 db VOLTAGE MODE Power Gain Power-Gain Range VI = VQ =.V (radius = 1V) VI = VQ =.V (radius =.V) 3.4 VI = VQ =.2V (radius =.3V) -3 VI = VQ =.V (radius =.1V) -. Difference in gain between VI = VQ =.V and VI = VQ =.V db. db Reverse Isolation Over entire control range -4 db Maximum Power Gain for Continuous Coverage of Phase Change Maximum Power Gain with Reduced Phase Coverage to 3 (radius = 1V).1 db to 3 (radius = 1V) db Group Delay VI = VQ =.V (radius = 1V) 1.3 ns Gain Drift Over Temperature VI = VQ =.V (radius = 1V) -.2 db/ C Gain Flatness Over Frequency VI = VQ =.V (radius = 1V); UMTS, f IN = MHz ±MHz ±.21 db MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 Phase Flatness Over Frequency Output Noise Power IP1dB IIP3 Electrical delay removed, VI = VQ =.V (radius = 1V), UMTS, f IN = MHz ±MHz VI = VQ =.V (radius = 1V) -. VI = VQ =.V (radius =.V) -.3 VI = VQ =.2V (radius =.3V) -.2 VI = VQ =.V (radius =.1V) -.1 VI = VQ =.V (radius = 1V). VI = VQ =.V (radius =.1V).3 VI = VQ =.V (radius = 1V).2 VI = VQ =.V (radius =.1V). ±.2 Degrees dbm/hz dbm dbm 3
MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 MAX4 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (Typical Operating Circuit as shown in Figure 1; V CC = 4.V to.2v, to + C, R BIAS = 2Ω, f IN = 2.GHz, input current range = to 4mA (if using a current-mode DAC), and differential input voltage range = to.v (if using a voltage-mode DAC). If using a current-mode DAC, voltage mode I/Q inputs are left open. If using a voltage-mode DAC, all current-mode I/Q inputs are left open. Typical values are at V CC = V and T A = +2 C, unless otherwise noted.) (Notes 1, 2, 3) CURRENT MODE MAX4 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Typical Operating Circuit as shown in Figure 1; V CC = 4.V to.2v, to + C, R BIAS = 2Ω, f IN = 1.GHz, input current range = to 4mA (if using a current-mode DAC), and differential input voltage range = to.v (if using a voltage-mode DAC). If using a current-mode DAC, voltage mode I/Q inputs are left open. If using a voltage-mode DAC, all current-mode I/Q inputs are left open. Typical values are at V CC = V and T A = +2 C, unless otherwise noted.) (Notes 1, 2, 3) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS Frequency Range 14 MHz RF Input Return Loss -21.1 db RF Output Return Loss -21. db VOLTAGE MODE Power Gain PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS Power Gain (Note 4) Power-Gain Range Gain Flatness Over Frequency Phase Flatness Over Frequency II1 = IQ1 = 4mA, II2 = IQ2 = ma.2 II1 = IQ1 = 1mA, II2 = IQ2 = ma -. Difference in gain between II1 = IQ1 = 4mA, II2 = IQ2 = ma and II1 = IQ1 = 1mA, II2 = IQ2 = ma II1 = IQ1 = 4mA, II2 = IQ2 = ma; UMTS, f IN = MHz ±MHz Electrical delay removed, II1 = IQ1 = 4mA, II2 = IQ2 = ma VI = VQ =.V (radius = 1V).4 VI = VQ =.V (radius =.V) 3. VI = VQ =.2V (radius =.3V) -2. VI = VQ =.V (radius =.1V) -.2 db. db ±.2 db ±. Degrees db Power-Gain Range Difference in gain between VI = VQ =.V and VI = VQ =.V. db Reverse Isolation Over entire control range - db Maximum Power Gain for Continuous Coverage of Phase Change to 3 (radius = 1V). db Maximum Power Gain with Reduced Phase Coverage to 3 (radius = 1V).4 db Group Delay VI = VQ =.V (radius = 1V) 1.4 ns Gain Drift Over Temperature VI = VQ =.V (radius = 1V) -.2 db/ C Gain Flatness Over Frequency VI = VQ =.V (radius = 1V) PCS, f IN = 1MHz ±MHz DCS, f IN = 142.MHz ±MHz ±. ±.3 db 4
MAX4 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (Typical Operating Circuit as shown in Figure 1; V CC = 4.V to.2v, to + C, R BIAS = 2Ω, f IN = 1.GHz, input current range = to 4mA (if using a current-mode DAC), and differential input voltage range = to.v (if using a voltage-mode DAC). If using a current-mode DAC, voltage mode I/Q inputs are left open. If using a voltage-mode DAC, all current-mode I/Q inputs are left open. Typical values are at V CC = V and T A = +2 C, unless otherwise noted.) (Notes 1, 2, 3) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS Phase Flatness Over Frequency Output Noise Power IP1dB IIP3 CURRENT MODE Power Gain (Note 4) Power-Gain Range Gain Flatness Over Frequency Electrical delay removed, VI = VQ =.V (radius = 1V) PCS, f IN = 1MHz ±MHz DCS, f IN = 142.MHz ±MHz ±1.3 ±1.2 VI = VQ =.V (radius = 1V) -. VI = VQ =.V (radius =.V) -.4 VI = VQ =.2V (radius =.3V) -.4 VI = VQ =.V (radius =.1V) -.3 VI = VQ =.V (radius = 1V). VI = VQ =.V (radius =.1V).1 VI = VQ =.V (radius = 1V).2 VI = VQ =.V (radius =.1V). II1 = IQ1 = 4mA, II2 = IQ2 = ma. II1 = IQ1 = 1mA, II2 = IQ2 = ma -.2 Difference in gain between II1 = IQ1 = 4mA, II2 = IQ2 = ma and II1 = IQ1 = 1mA, II2 = IQ2 = ma II1 = IQ1 = 4mA, II2 = IQ2 = ma PCS, f IN = 1MHz ±MHz DCS, f IN = 142.MHz ±MHz Degrees dbm/hz dbm dbm db. db ±. ±.33 db MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 Phase Flatness Over Frequency Electrical delay removed, II1 = IQ1 = 4mA, II2 = IQ2 = ma PCS, f IN = 1MHz ±MHz DCS, f IN = 142.MHz ±MHz ±. ±1. Degrees
MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 MAX4 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Typical Operating Circuit as shown in Figure 1; V CC = 4.V to.2v, to + C, R BIAS = 2Ω, f IN = MHz, input current range = to 4mA (if using a current-mode DAC), and differential input voltage range = to.v (if using a voltage-mode DAC). If using a current-mode DAC, voltage mode I/Q inputs are left open. If using a voltage-mode DAC, all current-mode I/Q inputs are left open. Typical values are at V CC = V and T A = +2 C, unless otherwise noted.) (Notes 1, 2, 3) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS Frequency Range MHz RF Input Return Loss -21. db RF Output Return Loss -. db VOLTAGE MODE Power Gain Power-Gain Range VI = VQ =.V (radius = 1V).4 VI = VQ =.V (radius =.V).1 VI = VQ =.2V (radius =.3V) -. VI = VQ =.V (radius =.1V) -.3 Difference in gain between VI = VQ =.V and VI = VQ =.V db. db Reverse Isolation Over entire control range - db Maximum Power Gain for Continuous Coverage of Phase Change Maximum Power Gain with Reduced Phase Coverage to 3 (radius = 1V).1 db to 3 (radius = 1V).4 db Group Delay VI = VQ =.V (radius = 1V) 2.2 ns Gain Drift Over Temperature VI = VQ =.V (radius = 1V) -.24 db/ C GSM, f IN = 42.MHz ±2.MHz ±.2 Gain Flatness Over Frequency VI = VQ =.V (radius = 1V) US cell, f IN = 1.MHz ±2.MHz JCDMA, f IN = MHz ±MHz ±. ±.1 db KDI/JDC/PDC, f IN = MHz ±3MHz ±.1 GSM, f IN = 42.MHz ±2.MHz ±. Phase Flatness Over Frequency E l ectr i cal d el ay r em oved, V I = VQ =.V (radius = 1V) US cell, f IN = 1.MHz ±2.MHz JCDMA, f IN = MHz ±MHz ±1.1 ±1.2 Degrees KDI/JDC/PDC, f IN = MHz ±3MHz ±.3
MAX4 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (Typical Operating Circuit as shown in Figure 1; V CC = 4.V to.2v, to + C, R BIAS = 2Ω, f IN = MHz, input current range = to 4mA (if using a current-mode DAC), and differential input voltage range = to.v (if using a voltage-mode DAC). If using a current-mode DAC, voltage mode I/Q inputs are left open. If using a voltage-mode DAC, all current-mode I/Q inputs are left open. Typical values are at V CC = V and T A = +2 C, unless otherwise noted.) (Notes 1, 2, 3) PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS Output Noise Power IP1dB IIP3 CURRENT MODE Power Gain (Note 4) Power-Gain Range Gain Flatness Over Frequency VI = VQ =.V (radius = 1V) -. VI = VQ =.V (radius =.V) -.4 VI = VQ =.2V (radius =.3V) -. VI = VQ =.V (radius =.1V) -. VI = VQ =.V (radius = 1V).1 VI = VQ =.V (radius =.1V). VI = VQ =.V (radius = 1V). VI = VQ =.V (radius =.1V).1 II1 = IQ1 = 4mA, II2 = IQ2 = ma.1 II1 = IQ1 = 1mA, II2 = IQ2 = ma -.2 Difference in gain between II1 = IQ1 = 4mA, II2 = IQ2 = ma and II1 = IQ1 = 1mA, II2 = IQ2 = ma II1 = IQ1 = 4mA, II2 = IQ2 = ma GSM, f IN = 42.MHz ±2.MHz US cell, f IN = 1.MHz ±2.MHz JCDMA, f IN = MHz ±MHz dbm/hz dbm dbm db.3 db ±.2 ±. ±.1 db MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 KDI/JDC/PDC, f IN = MHz ±3MHz ±.1 GSM, f IN = 42.MHz ±2.MHz ±. Phase Flatness Over Frequency Electrical delay removed, II1 = IQ1 = 4mA, II2 = IQ2 = ma US cell, f IN = 1.MHz ±2.MHz JCDMA, f IN = MHz ±MHz ±1.1 ±1.3 Degrees KDI/JDC/PDC, f IN = MHz ±3MHz ±.4 Note 1: Guaranteed by design and characterization. Note 2: All specifications reflect losses and delays of external components (matching components, baluns, and PC board traces). Output measurements taken at the RF OUTPUT of the Typical Operating Circuit. Note 3: Radius is defined as (VI 2 + VQ 2 ).. VI denotes the difference between VI1 and VI2. VQ denotes the difference between VQ1 and VQ2. For differential operation: VI1 = V REF +. VI, VI2 = V REF -. VI, VQ1 = V REF +. VQ, VQ2 = V REF -. VQ. For single-ended operation: VI1 = V REF + VI, VI2 = V REF, VQ1 = V REF + VQ, VQ2 = V REF. Note 4: When using the I/Q current inputs, maximum gain occurs when one differential input current is zero and the other corresponding differential input is ma. Minimum gain occurs when both differential inputs are equal.
MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 Typical Operating Characteristics (MAX4) (V CC = V, f IN = MHz, V_1 = VI1 and VQ1, V_2 = VI2 and VQ2, I_1 = II1 and IQ1, I_2 = II2 and IQ2, VI1 = VQ1 = 3.2V, VI2 = VQ2 = REFOUT, P IN = -dbm per tone at 1MHz offset (IIP3), and T A = +2 C, unless otherwise noted.) SUPPLY CURRENT (ma) REFOUT AND SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE AND SUPPLY VOLTAGE MAX4 toc1 23 2.2 REFOUT LOADED WITH V_2 2 2.1 2 1 1 1 V CC = 4.V V CC =.V V CC =.2V 2. 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.44 SUPPLY CURRENT 2.43-4 - 3 TEMPERATURE ( C) - - - - V_1 = 3.V GAIN vs. FREQUENCY V_1 = 2.V V_1 = 3.V V_1 = 2.2V -2 V_1 = 2.V -3 2 2 23 MAX4 toc4 REFOUT (V) INPUT RETURN LOSS (db) 1 1 1 INPUT RETURN LOSS vs. FREQUENCY V_1 = 2.V TO 3.V 2 2 23 - - - - -2 I_1 = ma GAIN vs. FREQUENCY I_1 = 3mA I_1 = 1mA I_1 = 2mA I_1 = -3 2 2 23 I_1 = 4mA MAX4 toc2 MAX4 toc OUTPUT RETURN LOSS (db) 1 1 1 21 OUTPUT RETURN LOSS vs. FREQUENCY V_1 = 2.V TO 3.V 22 2 2 23 GAIN V CC = 4.V TO.2V - - - - -2-3 MAX4 toc3 MAX4 toc GAIN - T A = +2 C - - T A = + C - -2-3 -3-4 -4 - MAX4 toc ISOLATION (db) REVERSE ISOLATION vs. FREQUENCY 3 V_1 = 2.V TO 3.V 4 1 2 2 23 MAX4 toc OUTPUT NOISE POWER (dbm/hz) -4. -4. -. -. -. -. -. -. -. OUTPUT NOISE POWER vs. FREQUENCY V_1 = 3.V V_1 = 2.V V_1 = 2.2V V_1 = 3V V_1 = 2.V -. -. 2 2 23 MAX4 toc
Typical Operating Characteristics (MAX4) (continued) (V CC = V, f IN = MHz, V_1 = VI1 and VQ1, V_2 = VI2 and VQ2, I_1 = II1 and IQ1, I_2 = II2 and IQ2, VI1 = VQ1 = 3.2V, VI2 = VQ2 = REFOUT, P IN = -dbm per tone at 1MHz offset (IIP3), and T A = +2 C, unless otherwise noted.) OUTPUT NOISE POWER (dbm/hz) OUTPUT NOISE POWER -4. -4. -. T A = + C -. -. -. T A = +-4 C -. -. -. -. T A = +2 C -......... vs. FREQUENCY T A = +2 C T A = + C. 2 2 23 MAX4 toc MAX4 toc OUTPUT NOISE POWER (dbm/hz) OUTPUT NOISE POWER -4. -4. -. V CC =.2V -. -. V CC =.V -. -. -. -. -. V CC = 4.V -. V CC =.2V V CC =.V V CC = 4.V MAX4 toc MAX4 toc........ vs. FREQUENCY V CC =.V V CC =.2V V CC = 4.V. 2 2 23 T A = + C T A = +2 C MAX4 toc MAX4 toc MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 IIP3 vs. FREQUENCY. V. CC =.2V.. V CC =.V V. CC = 4.V.. 2 2 23 MAX4 toc IIP3 vs. FREQUENCY.. T A = + C... T A = +2 C.. 2 2 23 MAX4 toc1 IIP3 1 1 1 V CC =.2V V V CC = 4.V CC =.V CONTROL VOLTAGE VI1, VQ1, (V) MAX4 toc1
MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 Typical Operating Characteristics (MAX4) (continued) (V CC = V, f IN = MHz, V_1 = VI1 and VQ1, V_2 = VI2 and VQ2, I_1 = II1 and IQ1, I_2 = II2 and IQ2, VI1 = VQ1 = 3.2V, VI2 = VQ2 = REFOUT, P IN = -dbm per tone at 1MHz offset (IIP3), and T A = +2 C, unless otherwise noted.) IIP3 1 1 1 T A = + C T A = +2 C CONTROL VOLTAGE VI1, VQ1, (V).. V_1 = 2.V ONE ELECTRICAL DELAY. REMOVED AT V V CC =.2V...... V CC = V. V CC = 4.V. 4. 4. 2 2 23 MAX4 toc1 MAX4 toc22 4 2-2 -4 - - - - - - RADIUS = 1 RADIUS =. RADIUS =. RADIUS =.2 GAIN vs. PHASE RADIUS =.3 RADIUS =. 4 1 22 2 3 3 RADIUS =.2 RADIUS =. ONE ELECTRICAL DELAY REMOVED AT +2 C T A = +2 C T A = + C 2 2 23 MAX4 toc MAX4 toc23.. ONE ELECTRICAL DELAY. REMOVED AT V 4. V CC =.2V 4. 3. 3. 2. 2. V CC =.V 1. V CC = 4.V 1... 2 2 23 V_1 = 2.V ONE ELECTRICAL DELAY REMOVED AT +2 C T A = +2 C T A = + C 2 2 23 MAX4 toc21 MAX4 toc24 GROUP DELAY (ns) GROUP DELAY vs. FREQUENCY 1. 1. V_1 = 2.V TO 3.V 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2 2 23 MAX4 toc2 DIFFERENTIAL CONTROL SIGNAL GAIN SWITCHING SPEED SEE SWITCHING SPEED SECTION IN THE APPLICATIONS INFORMATION -.V MAX GAIN, Q3 +.V MIN GAIN, ORIGIN MAX GAIN, Q1 SWITCHING SPEED (1ns/div) MAX4 toc2
SUPPLY CURRENT (ma) Typical Operating Characteristics (MAX4) (V CC = V, f IN = 1MHz, V_1 = VI1 and VQ1, V_2 = VI2 and VQ2, I_1 = II1 and IQ1, I_2 = II2 and IQ2, VI1 = VQ1 = 3.2V, VI2 = VQ2 = REFOUT, P IN = -dbm per tone at 1MHz offset (IIP3), and T A = +2 C, unless otherwise noted.) REFOUT AND SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE AND SUPPLY VOLTAGE MAX4 toc2 2 2.2 REFOUT LOADED WITH V_2 2 2.1 1 1 1 V CC = 4.V V CC =.V V CC =.2V 2. 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 SUPPLY CURRENT 2.4 2.44-4 - 3 TEMPERATURE ( C) GAIN vs. FREQUENCY V_1 = 3.V V_1 = 3.V V_1 = 2.V V_1 = 2.2V - - - - -2 V_1 = 2.V -3 1 1 1 1 1 1 MAX4 toc3 REFOUT (V) INPUT RETURN LOSS (db) 1 22 INPUT RETURN LOSS vs. FREQUENCY V_1 = 2.V TO 3.V 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - - I_1 = ma GAIN vs. FREQUENCY I_1 = 3mA I_1 = 2mA I_1 = 4mA - I_1 = 1mA -2 I_1 = -3 1 1 1 1 1 1 MAX4 toc2 MAX4 toc31 OUTPUT RETURN LOSS (db) OUTPUT RETURN LOSS vs. FREQUENCY V_1 = 2.V TO 3.V 1 1 1 21 22 1 1 1 1 1 1 GAIN V CC = 4.V TO.2V - - - - -2-3 MAX4 toc2 MAX4 toc32 MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 GAIN - T A = +2 C - - T A = + C - -2-3 -3-4 -4 - MAX4 toc33 ISOLATION (db) REVERSE ISOLATION vs. FREQUENCY 3 V_1 = 2.V TO 3.V 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 MAX4 toc34 OUTPUT NOISE POWER (dbm/hz) -4. -4. -. -. -. -. -. -. -. -. OUTPUT NOISE POWER vs. FREQUENCY V_1 = 3.V V_1 = 2.V V_1 = 2.2V V_1 = 3V V_1 = 2.V -. 1 1 1 1 1 1 MAX4 toc3
MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 Typical Operating Characteristics (MAX4) (continued) (V CC = V, f IN = 1MHz, V_1 = VI1 and VQ1, V_2 = VI2 and VQ2, I_1 = II1 and IQ1, I_2 = II2 and IQ2, VI1 = VQ1 = 3.2V, VI2 = VQ2 = REFOUT, P IN = -dbm per tone at 1MHz offset (IIP3), and T A = +2 C, unless otherwise noted.) OUTPUT NOISE POWER (dbm/hz) OUTPUT NOISE POWER -4. -4. T A = + C -. -. -. -. -. -. -. -. T A = +2 C -......... vs. FREQUENCY T A = +2 C T A = + C. 1 1 1 1 1 1 MAX4 toc3 MAX4 toc3 OUTPUT NOISE POWER (dbm/hz) OUTPUT NOISE POWER -4. -4. V CC = 4.V -. -. V -. CC =.2V -. -. -. -. V CC =.V -. -. V CC =.2V V CC =.V V CC = 4.V MAX4 toc3 MAX4 toc4........ vs. FREQUENCY V CC =.V V CC = 4.V V CC =.2V. 1 1 1 1 1 1 T A = + C T A = +2 C MAX4 toc3 MAX4 toc41 1....... IIP3 vs. FREQUENCY V CC =.2V V CC = 4.V V CC =.V.. 1 1 1 1 1 1 MAX4 toc42 IIP3 vs. FREQUENCY 1... T A = + C..... T A = +2 C. 1 1 1 1 1 1 MAX4 toc43 IIP3 1 1 1 V CC =.2V V CC = 4.V V CC =.V CONTROL VOLTAGE VI1, VQ1, (V) MAX4 toc44
Typical Operating Characteristics (MAX4) (continued) (V CC = V, f IN = 1MHz, V_1 = VI1 and VQ1, V_2 = VI2 and VQ2, I_1 = II1 and IQ1, I_2 = II2 and IQ2, VI1 = VQ1 = 3.2V, VI2 = VQ2 = REFOUT, P IN = -dbm per tone at 1MHz offset (IIP3), and T A = +2 C, unless otherwise noted.) IIP3 1 1 1 T A = + C T A = +2 C CONTROL VOLTAGE VI1, VQ1, (V) - - V_1 = 2.V - ONE ELECTRICAL DELAY - REMOVED AT V - - V CC =.2V -1-2 -3-4 V CC =.V - - - - V CC = 4.V - -1 1 1 1 1 1 1 MAX4 toc4 MAX4 toc4 4 2-2 -4 - - - - - - RADIUS = 1 RADIUS =. RADIUS =. RADIUS =.2 GAIN vs. PHASE RADIUS =.3 RADIUS =. 4 1 22 2 3 3 RADIUS =.2 RADIUS =. - - ONE ELECTRICAL DELAY - REMOVED AT +2 C - - - - T A = +2 C - -1-1 -1 T A = + C -1-1 1 1 1 1 1 1 MAX4 toc4 MAX4 toc4 - -1-2 ONE ELECTRICAL DELAY -3 REMOVED AT V -4 - - - V CC =.2V - - - V CC =.V -1-2 -3-4 V CC = 4.V - 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - -1-1 -1-1 V_1 = 2.V ONE ELECTRICAL DELAY REMOVED AT +2 C T A = + C T A = +2 C -1 1 1 1 1 1 1 MAX4 toc4 MAX4 toc MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 GROUP DELAY (ns) GROUP DELAY vs. FREQUENCY 1. V_1 = 2.V TO 3.V 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1 1 1 1 1 1 MAX4 toc1 DIFFERENTIAL CONTROL SIGNAL GAIN SWITCHING SPEED SEE SWITCHING SPEED SECTION IN THE APPLICATIONS INFORMATION -.V MAX GAIN, Q3 +.V MIN GAIN, ORIGIN SWITCHING SPEED (1ns/div) MAX GAIN, Q1 MAX4 toc2
MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 SUPPLY CURRENT (ma) Typical Operating Characteristics (MAX4) (V CC = V, f IN = MHz, V_1 = VI1 and VQ1, V_2 = VI2 and VQ2, I_1 = II1 and IQ1, I_2 = II2 and IQ2, VI1 = VQ1 = 3.2V, VI2 = VQ2 = REFOUT, P IN = -dbm per tone at 1MHz offset (IIP3), and T A = +2 C, unless otherwise noted.) REFOUT AND SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE AND SUPPLY VOLTAGE MAX4 toc3 2 2.2 REFOUT LOADED WITH V_2 1 1 1 - - V CC = 4.V V_1 = 3.V GAIN vs. FREQUENCY V_1 = 2.V V CC =.V V CC =.2V V_1 = 3.V - V_1 = 2.2V V_1 = 2.V - 1 MAX4 toc 2.1 2. 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 SUPPLY CURRENT 2.4-4 - 3 TEMPERATURE ( C) REFOUT (V) INPUT RETURN LOSS (db) 1 22 24 2 2 3 - - INPUT RETURN LOSS vs. FREQUENCY V_1 = 2.V TO 3.V 32 1 I_1 = ma GAIN vs. FREQUENCY I_1 = 3mA I_1 = 4mA I_1 = 2mA - I_1 =1mA I_1 = - 1 MAX4 toc4 MAX4 toc OUTPUT RETURN LOSS (db) OUTPUT RETURN LOSS vs. FREQUENCY V_1 = 2.V TO 3.V 1 GAIN V CC = 4.V TO.2V - - - - -2-3 MAX4 toc MAX4 toc GAIN T A = +2 C - - T A = + C - - -2-3 -3 MAX4 toc ISOLATION (db) REVERSE ISOLATION vs. FREQUENCY 3 V_1 = 2.V TO 3.V 4 1 1 MAX4 toc OUTPUT NOISE POWER (dbm/hz) OUTPUT NOISE POWER vs. FREQUENCY -4 - V_1 = 3.V - - V_1 = 2.V V_1 = 2.2V - - V_1 = 3V V_1 = 2.V - -1 1 MAX4 toc1
Typical Operating Characteristics (MAX4) (continued) (V CC = V, f IN = MHz, V_1 = VI1 and VQ1, V_2 = VI2 and VQ2, I_1 = II1 and IQ1, I_2 = II2 and IQ2, VI1 = VQ1 = 3.2V, VI2 = VQ2 = REFOUT, P IN = -dbm per tone at 1MHz offset (IIP3), and T A = +2 C, unless otherwise noted.) OUTPUT NOISE POWER (dbm/hz) OUTPUT NOISE POWER -. -. T A = + C -. -. -. -. -. -. -. T A = +2 C -. -......... vs. FREQUENCY T A = +2 C T A = + C. 1 MAX4 toc2 MAX4 toc OUTPUT NOISE POWER (dbm/hz) OUTPUT NOISE POWER -. -. V CC =.2V -. -. -. V CC =.V -. -. -. -. V CC = 4.V -. -..... V CC =.V. V CC =.2V...... V CC = 4.V 4. 4. MAX4 toc3 MAX4 toc........ vs. FREQUENCY V CC =.V V CC = 4.V V CC =.2V. 1... T A = + C... T A = +2 C... 4. 4. MAX4 toc4 MAX4 toc MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 1. 1. 1. 1. 1...... IIP3 vs. FREQUENCY V CC =.2V V CC = 4.V V CC =.V. 1 MAX4 toc IIP3 vs. FREQUENCY 1. 1. 1. 1... T A = +2 C.. T A = + C. 1 MAX4 toc IIP3 1 1 V CC =.2V 1 V CC = 4.V V CC =.V CONTROL VOLTAGE VI1, VQ1 (V) MAX4 toc
MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 Typical Operating Characteristics (MAX4) (continued) (V CC = V, f IN = MHz, V_1 = VI1 and VQ1, V_2 = VI2 and VQ2, I_1 = II1 and IQ1, I_2 = II2 and IQ2, VI1 = VQ1 = 3.2V, VI2 = VQ2 = REFOUT, P IN = -dbm per tone at 1MHz offset (IIP3), and T A = +2 C, unless otherwise noted.) IIP3 21 1 1 1 T A = +2 C T A = + C CONTROL VOLTAGE VI1, VQ1 (V) V_1 = 2.V ONE ELECTRICAL DELAY REMOVED AT V V CC =.2V V CC =.V 1 1 V CC = 4.V 1 MAX4 toc1 MAX4 toc4 3 1-1 -3 - - - - - - 1 RADIUS = 1 RADIUS =. RADIUS =. ONE ELECTRICAL DELAY REMOVED AT +2 C T A = + C GAIN vs. PHASE RADIUS =. T A = +2 C RADIUS =.2 RADIUS =.3 RADIUS =.2 RADIUS =. 4 1 22 2 3 3 1 MAX4 toc2 MAX4 toc 1 ONE ELECTRICAL DELAY REMOVED AT V V CC =.V V CC =.2V V CC = 4.V 1 1 1 V_1 = 2.V ONE ELECTRICAL DELAY REMOVED AT +2 C T A = +2 C T A = + C 1 MAX4 toc3 MAX4 toc GROUP DELAY (ns) GROUP DELAY vs. FREQUENCY 2. V_1 = 2.V TO 3.V 2. 2. 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1 MAX4 toc DIFFERENTIAL CONTROL SIGNAL GAIN SWITCHING SPEED SEE SWITCHING SPEED SECTION IN THE APPLICATIONS INFORMATION -.V MAX GAIN, Q3 +.V MIN GAIN, ORIGIN SWITCHING SPEED (1ns/div) MAX GAIN, Q1 MAX4 toc
PIN NAME FUNCTION Pin Description 1 VI1 Noninverting in-phase voltage-control input. Requires common-mode input voltage (2.V typ). 2 VI2 Inverting in-phase voltage-control input. Requires common-mode input voltage (2.V typ). 3 VQ1 Noninverting quadrature voltage-control input. Requires common-mode input voltage (2.V typ). 4 VQ2 Inverting quadrature voltage-control input. Requires common-mode input voltage (2.V typ). II1 Noninverting in-phase current-control input. This pin can only sink current. It cannot source current. II2 Inverting in-phase current-control input. This pin can only sink current. It cannot source current. IQ1 Noninverting quadrature current-control input. This pin can only sink current. It cannot source current. IQ2 Inverting quadrature current-control input. This pin can only sink current. It cannot source current. REFOUT,,,,, 1,, 21, 23 2, 3, 31, 32 2.V Reference Output. Integrated reference voltage provides a 2.V output for single-ended voltagecontrol applications. For single-ended operation, connect REFOUT to the inverting voltage inputs (VI2, VQ2). Ground RFOUT1 Noninverting RF Output RFOUT2 Inverting RF Output 1, 1 V CC Supply Voltage 22 RBIAS Bias Setting Resistor. Connect a 2Ω (±1%) resistor from this pin to ground to set the bias current for the IC. 2 RFIN1 Noninverting RF Input 2 RFIN2 Inverting RF Input Exposed Pad Exposed Pad. Exposed pad on the bottom of the IC should be soldered to the ground plane for proper heat dissipation and RF grounding. MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 Detailed Description The MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 provide vector adjustment through the differential I/Q amplifiers. Each part is optimized for separate frequency ranges: MAX4 for f IN = 4MHz to 224MHz, MAX4 for f IN = 14MHz to MHz, and MAX4 for f IN = MHz to MHz. All three devices can be interfaced using current- and/or voltage-mode DACs. The MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 accept differential RF inputs, which are internally phase shifted degrees to produce differential I/Q signals. The phase and magnitude of each signal can then be adjusted using the voltage- and/or current-control inputs. Figure 1 shows a typical operating circuit when using both current- and voltage-mode DACs. When using only one of the two, leave the unused I/Q inputs open. RF Ports The RF input and output ports require external matching for optimal performance. See Figures 1 and 2 for appropriate component values. The output ports require external biasing. In Figures 1 and 2, the outputs are biased through the balun (T2). The RF input ports can be driven differentially or single ended (Figures 1, 2) using a balun. The matching values for the MAX4/ MAX4 were set to be the same during characterization. An optimized set of values can be found in the MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 Evaluation Kit data sheet. I/Q Inputs The control amplifiers convert a voltage, current, or voltage and current input to a predistorted voltage that controls the multipliers. The I/Q voltage-mode inputs can be operated differentially (Figure 1) or single ended (Figure 2). A 2.V reference is provided on-chip for single-ended operation. 1
MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 VOLTAGE- MODE DAC CURRENT- MODE DAC C C C C RF INPUT C4 C C C C1 VI1 VI2 VQ1 VQ2 II1 II2 IQ1 IQ2 1 2 3 4 T1 REFOUT 32 31 3 MAX4 MAX4 MAX4 L1* C2 RFIN2 RFOUT1 2 CONTROL AMPLIFIER I CONTROL AMPLIFIER Q 2.V REFERENCE RFIN1 RFOUT2 2 C3 2 2 PHASE SHIFTER VECTOR MULTIPLIER OUTPUT STAGE 2 24 23 22 21 1 1 1 RBIAS V CC V CC C R1 V CC C1 L2 RF OUTPUT C C T2 C DESIGNATION C1 C2, C3 C4 C C1 L1* L2 R1 T1 T2 DESCRIPTION MAX4 MAX4 MAX4 3.3pF 3.3pF 4pF 2pF 2pF 4pF 22pF 22pF 4pF.1µF.1µF.1µF 1.pF CAP 1.pF CAP nh nh nh 3nH 2Ω 2Ω 2Ω 1:1 balun 1:1 balun 1:1 balun 4:1 balun 4:1 balun 4:1 balun *POPULATED WITH AN INDUCTOR OR CAPACITOR, DEPENDING ON THE VERSION. Figure 1. Typical Operating Circuit Using Differential Current- and Voltage-Mode DACs 1
VOLTAGE- MODE DAC RF INPUT C4 C C1 VI1 VI2 VQ1 VQ2 II1 II2 IQ1 IQ2 1 2 3 4 T1 32 REFOUT 31 3 MAX4 MAX4 MAX4 L1* C2 RFIN2 RFOUT1 2 CONTROL AMPLIFIER I CONTROL AMPLIFIER Q 2.V REFERENCE RFIN1 RFOUT2 2 C3 2 2 PHASE SHIFTER VECTOR MULTIPLIER OUTPUT STAGE 2 24 23 22 21 1 1 1 RBIAS V CC V CC C R1 V CC C1 MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 C RF OUTPUT C C T2 L2 C DESIGNATION DESCRIPTION MAX4 MAX4 MAX4 C1 3.3pF 3.3pF 4pF C2, C3 2pF 2pF 4pF C4, C, C C 22pF 22pF 4pF C1.1µF.1µF.1µF L1* 1.pF CAP 1.pF CAP nh L2 nh nh 3nH R1 2Ω 2Ω 2Ω T1 1:1 balun 1:1 balun 1:1 balun T2 4:1 balun 4:1 balun 4:1 balun *POPULATED WITH AN INDUCTOR OR CAPACITOR, DEPENDING ON THE VERSION. Figure 2. Typical Operating Circuit Using Single-Ended Voltage Mode DACs 1
MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 On-Chip Reference Voltage An on-chip, 2.V reference voltage is provided for single-ended control mode. Connect REFOUT to VI2 and VQ2 to provide a stable reference voltage. The equivalent output resistance of the REFOUT pin is approximately Ω. REFOUT is capable of sourcing 1mA of current, with <mv drop-in voltage. Applications Information RF Single-Ended Operation The RF input impedance is Ω differential into the IC. An external low-loss 1:1 balun can be used for singleended operation. The RF output impedance is 3Ω differential into the IC. An external low-loss 4:1 balun transforms this impedance down to Ω single-ended output (Figures 1 and 2). Bias Resistor The bias resistor value (2Ω) was optimized during characterization at the factory. This value should not be adjusted. If the 2Ω (±1%) resistor is not readily available, substitute a standard 2Ω (±%) resistor, which may result in more current part-to-part variation. Switching Speed The control inputs have a typical 3dB BW of 2MHz. This BW provides the device with the ability to adjust gain/phase at a very rapid rate. The Switching Speed graphs in the Typical Operating Characteristics try to capture the control ability of the vector multipliers. These measurements were done by first removing capacitors C4 C to reduce driving capacitance. The test for gathering the curves shown, uses a MAX2 differential output comparator to drive VI1, VI2, VQ1, and VQ2. One output of the comparator is connected to VI1/VQ1, while the other is connected to VI2/VQ2. The input to the vector multiplier is driven by an RF source and the output is connected to a crystal detector. The switching signal produces a waveform that results in a ±.V differential input signal to the vector multiplier. This signal switches the signal from quadrant 3 (-.V case), through the origin (maximum attenuation), and into quadrant 1 (+.V case). The before-and-after amplitude (S21) stays about the same between the two quadrants but the phase changes by 1. As the differential control signal approaches zero, the gain approaches its minimum value. This appears as the null in the Typical Operating Characteristics. The measurement results include rise-time errors from the crystal detector (specified by manufacturing to be approximately ns to ns), the comparator (approximately ps), and the MHz BW oscilloscope (used to measure the control and detector signals). Layout Issues A properly designed PC board is an essential part of any RF/microwave circuit. Keep RF signal lines as short as possible to reduce losses, radiation, and inductance. For best performance, route the ground pin traces directly to the exposed pad underneath the package. This pad should be connected to the ground plane of the board by using multiple vias under the device to provide the best RF/thermal conduction path. Solder the exposed pad on the bottom of the device package to a PC board exposed pad. The MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 Evaluation Kit can be used as a reference for board layout. Gerber files are available upon request at www.maxim-ic.com. Power-Supply Bypassing Proper voltage-supply bypassing is essential for highfrequency circuit stability. Bypass the V CC pins with nf and 22pF (4pF for the MAX4) capacitors. Connect the high-frequency capacitor as close to the device as possible. Exposed Paddle RF Thermal Considerations The EP of the 32-lead thin QFN package provides a low thermal-resistance path to the die. It is important that the PC board on which the IC is mounted be designed to conduct heat from this contact. In addition, the EP provides a low-inductance RF ground path for the device. It is recommended that the EP be soldered to a ground plane on the PC board, either directly or through an array of plated via holes. Soldering the pad to ground is also critical for proper heat dissipation. Use a solid ground plane wherever possible. TRANSISTOR COUNT: Chip Information
Package Information (The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages.) PIN # 1 I.D. C D D/2 A1. C A E/2 A3 E A. C B. C COMMON DIMENSIONS. C (NE-1) X e DETAIL A L k C L e e D2 (ND-1) X e PROPRIETARY INFORMATION TITLE: LC PACKAGE OUTLINE,, 2, 32L, QFN THIN, xx. mm APPROVAL D2/2 b. M C A B PIN # 1 I.D..3x4 E2/2 L k E2 DOCUMENT CONTROL NO. 21- EXPOSED PAD VARIATIONS LC e LC REV. C L 1 2 QFN THIN.EPS MAX4/MAX4/MAX4 NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING & TOLERANCING CONFORM TO ASME Y.M-14. 2. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS. ANGLES ARE IN DEGREES. 3. N IS THE TOTAL NUMBER OF TERMINALS. 4. THE TERMINAL #1 IDENTIFIER AND TERMINAL NUMBERING CONVENTION SHALL CONFORM TO JESD -1 SPP-. DETAILS OF TERMINAL #1 IDENTIFIER ARE OPTIONAL, BUT MUST BE LOCATED WITHIN THE ZONE INDICATED. THE TERMINAL #1 IDENTIFIER MAY BE EITHER A MOLD OR MARKED FEATURE.. DIMENSION b APPLIES TO METALLIZED TERMINAL AND IS MEASURED BETWEEN.2 mm AND.3 mm FROM TERMINAL TIP.. ND AND NE REFER TO THE NUMBER OF TERMINALS ON EACH D AND E SIDE RESPECTIVELY.. DEPOPULATION IS POSSIBLE IN A SYMMETRICAL FASHION.. COPLANARITY APPLIES TO THE EXPOSED HEAT SINK SLUG AS WELL AS THE TERMINALS.. DRAWING CONFORMS TO JEDEC MO2.. WARPAGE SHALL NOT EXCEED. mm. PROPRIETARY INFORMATION TITLE: PACKAGE OUTLINE,, 2, 32L, QFN THIN, xx. mm APPROVAL DOCUMENT CONTROL NO. REV. 2 21- C 2 Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. Maxim Integrated Products, San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 4 4-3- 21 3 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.