Renewed use of wood in commercial construction. Learning Objectives

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1 CONNECTION SOLUTIONS IN MODERN TIMBER STRUCTURES Long Beach Wood Solutions Fair March 02, 2011 The Wood Products Council is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-aia members are available upon request. This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. J ERIC KARSH, Principal MEng, PEng, StructEng, MIStructE, ing Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. Learning Objectives At the end of this program, participants will be able to: 1. Learn about state-of-the-art timber fabrication and connection technology and how they can be used in actual structures. 2. Learn about sustainability and other advantages of timber as a construction material. 3. Learn how these advantages and the recent changes in the timber industry have impacted the decision to use wood in many public projects large and small. 4. See numerous innovative timber project examples. Renewed use of wood in commercial construction Renewed interest in timber as an architectural medium Technical advances in materials, fabrication, connections & fire protection Trends towards sustainable construction Economics (material cost and construction time) Successful out of country examples Political will: Woodworks! and Wood first policies 1

2 Carbon emissions Carbon emissions Airline industry 1% of world carbon emissions Shipping industry 3% of world carbon emissions Concrete industry 5-8% of world carbon emissions Airline industry 1% of world carbon emissions Shipping industry 3% of world carbon emissions Concrete industry 5-8% of world carbon emissions Timber: Sequesters 1 ton of carbon per m 3 Limitations (perception or reality) The Combustibility prejudice Performance based codes Water and sun damage: In BC, leaky condo crisis Envelope problem, not a structural problem Wood un-predictable and weak Engineered wood products State-of-the-art connections Limitations (perception or reality) The Combustibility prejudice Performance based codes Water and sun damage: In BC, leaky condo crisis Envelope problem, not a structural problem Wood un-predictable and weak Engineered wood products State-of-the-art connections 2

3 th World Conference on Timber Engineering Montreux, Switzerland 3

4 Transformative Advances 3D Modelling + Detailing 3D Modelling and CNC Fabrication New Age Connections CadWork Dietrich Morges Arena Switzerland 4

5 CNC Fabrication Hundegger K2 Hundegger K2 Créneau Number of structural wood frame CNC s in 1998 North America: 2 Switzerland: 300 German design 3 Axis Fixed tool head Up to 10 x 14 pieces, 24 long Fast, reliable and economical The Volkswagen of CNC s Today, about 75 CNC s in North America. 5

6 Créneau French design 5 axis 14 tool rack Gantry type Up to 16 x 60 pieces, 100 long or more Extremely versatile Slower and more expensive 6

7 Connections North American connectors Others 7

8 North American connectors Nails + screws Bolts Drift Pins Lag screws Timber rivets Shear Plates + split rings Truss plates Pre-engineered light gauge metal connectors (Simpson) Connections North American connectors Others Others Notches (wood-to-wood; Steel-to-wood) Castings Block Gluing Tight-fit pins + bolts Ring nails Glued-in rods / rebar BVD system by Bertsche WS system by SFS Intec New-age self-tapping screws Sherpa system HBV system by TiComTec O Clause

9 O Clause Notches First principles: Notches, castings Foreign codes: Block gluing, ring nails, tight-fit bolts + pins Proprietary: Bertsche, SFS WS, HBV, etc. Supported by empirical data. Used all over the world for centuries Making a comeback due to CNC fabrication Design from first principles Wood to Wood Single and Double Notches Castings Block Gluing Design from first principle Extremely versatile, elegant, reliable Relatively economical in large numbers Susceptible to fire Gluing of glue laminated elements to form built-up shapes Uses low-pressure glues Used to increase the cross section (at connections or for long unrestrained compression elements) Careful: Low-pressure glues are often soft and susceptible to creep Avoid in bending members 9

10 Tight-fit pins + bolts Why tight fit? Design using European codes, reconciling values for load factors, wood species, etc. Hole in the wood must be 0.0 to 0.5mm smaller than the pin Hole in the steel is 0.0 to 1.0 mm larger than the pin. Multiple fastener connections only practical with the use of CNC fabrication Reliable, concealed and elegant Can use multiple knife plates Can achieve ductile connections with small diameter pins Ring Nails Covered in European codes (Swiss) Similar to timber rivets Some proprietary (Gunnebo Sweden) Can be used for ductile connections Glued-in rods / rebar Rebar glued into the wood with epoxy Popular in Australia and Europe, some examples in USA & Canada Proprietary systems Ferwood (Ducret - Orges in Switzerland) Versatile, concealed (fire resistant) Reliable perpendicular to grain (30º or more from grain axis) Less reliable parallel to grain (less than 30º from grain axis) Must use the right resin 10

11 BVD System by Bertsche Proprietary system from Germany Probably the strongest available in tension Reliable, concealed Tight-fit Not as versatile as some WS System by SFS Intec Proprietary system from Switzerland Consists of self-tapping, small diameter tight-fit dowel system Compact, reliable, concealed, elegant Ductile (due to small diameter dowels) Self-Tapping Screws Proprietary (SFS, GRK, Wurth, Heco, etc) Up to 1/2 diameter, up to 24 long Self-tapping no pre-drilling Fast and more reliable than North-American lag bolts Elegant, low profile heads Sherpa Proprietary system from Germany Consists of an aluminum dovetail connection fastened to the timber with self-tapping screws Fast erection Completely invisible 11

12 HBV system by TiComTec PROJECT EXAMPLES Proprietary system from Germany Concrete wood composite and wood to wood Steel mesh bonded to the wood with patented resin Alert Bay Community Centre Alert Bay, BC

13 Pepperbridge Winery Washington

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15 Nicola Valley Institute of Technology Phase I, Merritt, BC

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18 Driving Range Langley, BC

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20 Saulteau Community Centre Moberly Lake, BC

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22 Doig River Band Community Center Rose Prairie, BC Ib G Hansen Architect

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24 Skeetchestn School Chase, BC

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27 Prince George Airport Expansion Phases I & II Prince George, BC

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32 Squamish Lil Wat Cultural Centre Whistler, BC

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34 Raleigh Durham Airport Expansion North Carolina

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38 First People s House University of Victoria

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40 Marie Victorin Soccer Stadium Montreal, Quebec

41 Brace Details GAP GAP 41

42 Bilder: Equilibrium Consulting Inc. 42

43 Wavedecks Toronto Waterfront Toronto, Ontario

44 UBC Earth Systems Sciences Building Vancouver

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47 ART GALLERY OF ONTARIO - Dundas Facade Toronto, Ontario

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