Calculation. How does Merriam-Webster define this word?

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Tyrone Newman
5 years ago
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2 Robots & Humans

3 Calculation How does Merriam-Webster define this word? 1 a : the process or an act of calculating b : the result of an act of calculating 2 a : studied care in analyzing or planning b : cold heartless planning to promote self-interest

4 Isaac Asimov s Three Laws of Robotics Found in the anthology I, Robot (1950) Runaround was published in Key story in which the Laws are articulated and explored. Now, look, let s start with the three fundamental Rules of Robotics the three rules that are built most deeply into a robot s positronic brain.

5 The Three Laws One, a robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. Two, continued Powell, a robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. And three, a robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws.

6 I, Robot (2004) Alex Proyas

7 The Conflict of Runaround Silence! This was a devil of a situation. Here they were, on Mercury exactly twelve hours and already up to the eyebrows in the worst sort of trouble. Mercury had long been the jinx world of the System, but this was drawing it rather strong even for a jinx. The only thing that could save them was selenium. The only thing that could get the selenium was Speedy. If Speedy didn t come back, no selenium. No selenium, no photocell banks. No photobanks well, death by slow broiling is one of the more unpleasant ways of being done in.

8 Notice this echo of Frankenstein The monster s head bent slowly and the eyes fixed themselves on Powell. Then, in a harsh, squawking voice

9 SPEEDY Robot SPD 13 was near enough to be seen in detail now. His graceful, streamlined body threw out blazing highlights as he loped with easy speed across the broken ground. His name was derived from his serial initials, of course, but it was apt, nevertheless, for the SPD models were among the fastest robots turned out by the United States Robot & Mechanical Men Corp.

10 Can a robot be drunk? It said: Hot dog, let s play games. You catch me and I catch you; no love can cut our knife in two. For I m Little Buttercup, sweet Little Buttercup. Whoops! Turning on his heel, he sped off in the direction from which he had come, with a speed and fury that kicked up gouts of baked dust.

11 Powell s Analysis So Rule 3 has been strengthened that was specifically mentioned, by the way, in the advance notices on the SPD models so that his allergy to danger is unusually high. At the same time, when you sent him out after the selenium, you gave him his order casually and without special emphasis, so that the Rule 2 potential set-up was rather weak. Now, hold on; I m just stating facts.

12 There are human rules of behavior, too. Mike Donovan and Greg Powell decide to risk their own lives in order to get Speedy follow law #1. Code of honor? Bravado Terse Style

13 The Solution Speedy! I m dying, damn you! Where are you? Speedy, I need you. He was still stumbling backward in a blind effort to get away from the giant robot he didn t want, when he felt steel fingers on his arms, and a worried, apologetic voice of metallic timbre in his ears. Holy smokes, boss; what are you doing here? And what am I doing I m so confused

14 The Denouement Right here. I sent him out to one of the other selenium pools with orders to get that selenium at all cost this time. He got it back in forty-two minutes and three seconds. I timed him. He still hasn t finished apologizing for the runaround he gave us.

15 Turing Test The Turing test is a test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human. (Wikipedia) Alan Turing, Computing Machinery and Intelligence (1950).

16 The Imitation Game (2014) Morten Tyldum

17 The purpose of a thoughtexperiment, as the term was used by Schrodinger s and other physicists, is not to predict the future... but to describe reality, the present world. Science fiction is not predictive; it is descriptive. URSULA LE GUIN

18 What Fears and Desires about robots did the past predict about 1997?

19 The Terminator Series The Skynet Funding Bill is passed. The system goes on-line August 4th, Human decisions are removed from strategic defense. Skynet begins to learn at a geometric rate. It becomes self-aware at 2:14 a.m. Eastern time, August 29th. In a panic, they try to pull the plug.

20 What does it mean for computers to become self aware Sentience is one of the key factors in determining the existence of consciousness.

21 By 1997, Computers were doing quite well at games.

22 The Measure of a Man Star Trek The Next Generation. Aired February 1989.

23 Do not make the office the measure of the man If the community or state measures man by his function, only asking of its citizens memory, or the intelligence of a craftsman, or mechanical skill, we cannot be surprised that the other faculties of the mind are neglected for the exclusive culture of the one that brings in honor and profit -- Friedrich Schiller (1794, On the Aesthetic Education of Man)

24 Aesthetic Education of Man (1794) But whatever may be the final profit for the totality of the world, of this distinct and special perfecting of the human faculties, it cannot be denied that this final aim of the universe, which devotes them to this kind of culture, is a cause of suffering, and a kind of malediction for individuals. I admit that the exercises of the gymnasium form athletic bodies; but beauty is only developed by the free and equal play of the limbs. This idea follows from the Division of Labor and pre-dates Marx s concept of alienated labor.

25 Slaves to what end? More from Schiller: And in what relation should we be placed with past and future ages if the perfecting of human nature made such a sacrifice indispensable? In that case we should have been the slaves of humanity, we should have consumed our forces in servile work for it during some thousands of years, and we should have stamped on our humiliated, mutilated nature the shameful brand of this slavery

26 For Data, what defines sentience? According to Maddox: Intelligence Self-awareness Consciousness Data specifically refers to my rights in terms of self awareness.

27 Must robots do only what they are built for? The Iron Giant (1999)

28 What emotion can ONLY humans show?

INTRODUCTION to ROBOTICS

1 INTRODUCTION to ROBOTICS Robotics is a relatively young field of modern technology that crosses traditional engineering boundaries. Understanding the complexity of robots and their applications requires