Fotonika in nanotehnologija
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1 Fotonika in nanotehnologija Igor Muševi evič Institut J. Stefan in Fakulteta za matematiko in fiziko, Univerza v Ljubljani
2 odkritja, ki so temelji sodobne tehnologije M.Faraday T.Edison N.Tesla J.C.Maxwell A.G.Bell leto
3 našo civilizacijo poganja elektrika vir: Sunita Williams, NASA, Slideshare
4 prvi računalnik "ENIAC" 1947 mikročip-integrirano vezje vir: vir: Wikipedia Commons
5 FOTONIKA Podoben razvoj lahko pričakujemo na področju svetlobe znanost o svetlobi, njenem pridobivanju, širjenju, preoblikovanju in zaznavanju
6
7 Ch. Kao W. Boyle G.E.Smith
8 Ch. Kao T.H.Maiman 16. maj 1960
9 Širjenje svetlobe po optičnih vlaknih: svetloba nosi tisoče informacijskih kanalov
10 obstoječe naprave za uravnavanje toka svetlobe med vlakni: vir: Nortel
11 Podobnost med svetlobo in elektriko pri prenosu informacij: ali je mogoče izdelati miniaturne naprave, torej "integrirano optično vezje"?
12 cilj: optično mikrovezje, "optični metropolis" vir: Photonic Crystals, Joannopoulos, Princeton, 2008
13 "Fotonski kristal": temeljni element fotonskih vezij vir: Ameslab
14 fotonski kristali so v naravi pogosti: P.Vukusic, N.Sambles, Nature 424, 852(2003)
15 bela svetloba je sestavljena iz svetlobe vseh mogočih barv Sir Isaac Newton
16 odbije se samo svetloba določene barve
17 Fotonski kristali torej delujejo kot idealna zrcala. To pa lahko koristno uporabimo za vodenje svetlobe
18 Kako izdelati takšne fotonske strukture?
19 fotolitografija (mikroelektronska tehnologija) 5 μm problemi: (e-beam litography, S.G.Johnson, MIT), hrapavost površine zaradi jedkanja-sipanje svetlobe procesiranje različnih materialov izjemno zamuden proces
20 "stanje tehnike": planarne, 2D fotonske mikrostrukture (Joannopoulos et al, 2008) svetloba je "ujeta" v plasti
21 svetlobo vodimo po fotonskih kristalih
22 Tiskovno sporočilo družbe Intel, 23. julij 2010
23
24 Ali je mogoče tok svetlobe uravnavati na nanometerskih razdaljah? približno enako valovni dolžini svetlobe 500 nm DA, s pomočjo elektronov. valovne dolžine elektronskega valovanja so tudi do tisočkrat krajše od svetlobe
25 svetloba osnovna ideja: svetloba poganja v gibanje proste elektrone v kovini ω E v elektronski plin v tanki plasti zlata 10 nm PLAZMONI in Nano-Optika vsiljeno gibanje elektronov in EM polja lahko uravnavamo na zelo majhih razdaljah
26 Plazmone v nanodelcih Au in Ag in so poznali že Rimljani The British Museum Late Roman, 4th century AD Probably made in Rome Ag in Au nanodelci, plazmonska resonanca
27 primeri iz plazmonske nano-optike: SPASER- nanolaser najmanjši laser: zlata kroglica s premerom 14 nm MA Noginov et al. Nature 000, 1-3 (2009) doi: /nature08318
28 Drugi primer: Yagi-Uda nanoantena Hidetsugu Yagi H.Yagi in Shintaro Uda, 1926
29 Yagi-Uda nano-antena za vidno svetlobo
30 Tretji primer: plazmonska zbiralna leča iz Au nanodelcev na Au
31 Dosežki raziskovalcev IJS in Univerze v Ljubljani na področju mikro-fotonike: 2D fotonski kristal fotonski mikroresonator 3D mikrolaser
32 izbrali smo nenavaden pristop: (foto M.Vilfan) steklene mikro kroglice tekoči i kristal
33 kroglice v običajni tekočini
34 kroglice v tekočem kristalu
35
36 2D fotonski kristal Muševič, Škarabot, Tkalec, Ravnik, Žumer, Science (2006)
37 2D fotonski kristal fotonski mikroresonator 3D mikrolaser
38 mikro-kapljice tekočega kristala v vodi ali polimeru Naš dosežek: kapljice so optični resonatorji, ki jih lahko uglasimo
39 Opazujemo optične lastnosti ene same mikro-kapljice tekočega kristala v polimeru
40 kapljica z višjim lomnim količnikom od okolice je lahko optični resonator "počasna" svetloba "hitra" svetloba totalni odboj
41
42 "whispering gallery modes", WGMs katedrala "St. Paul"
43 ali lahko resonančni spekter uglasimo z električnim poljem? brez polja s poljem
44 100 krat večji obseg uglaševanja kot v trdni snovi!
45 Humar, Ravnik, Pajk, Muševič, Nature Photonics 3, 595(2009)
46 Zaključek: napoved: 21. stoletje bo stoletje svetlobe učinkovita fotovoltaika in nova svetila prenos informacij s svetlobo in integrirana fotonika združenje nanotehnologije in fotonike prikaz in hranjenje informacij svetlobni računalniki?
47 Zahvala Miha Škarabot, IJS, Ljubljana Uroš Tkalec, IJS, Ljubljana Matjaž Humar, IJS, Ljubljana Miha Ravnik, UNI LJ, Ljubljana Slobodan Žumer, UNI LJ, Ljubljana Igor Poberaj, UNI LJ, Ljubljana Natan Osterman, UNI LJ, Ljubljana Dušan Babič,, UNI LJ, Ljubljana Ulyana Ognysta, IOP, Kiev Andriy Nych, IOP, Kiev Vassili sili Nazarenko arenko, IOP,, Kiev Polona Ropret, Restavratorski center, Ljubljana raziskave je financirala ARRS v okviru projekta J in programa P1-0099
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