International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development ADVANCE GEOFENCED BORDER ALARM SYSTEM

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1 Scientific Journal of Impact Factor (SJIF): 5.71 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development Volume 5, Issue 04, April ADVANCE GEOFENCED BORDER ALARM SYSTEM 1 Debaditya Bagchi e-issn (O): p-issn (P): Department of Electronics and Communication, G.H Patel College of Engineering and Technology, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat, India Abstract The Disputes and unavailability of proper demarcation on International Maritime Border between India and other country is a critical issue till today. There is no technical system for the fishermen to use during fishing in midocean and thus the fishermen frequently cross the International Maritime Border unknowingly. The present systems in use are sophisticated, expensive and rather out of reach for the fishermen which also require skills to operate. The other proposed systems by different authors have their own limitations and may fail to serve the cause. Thus, in sorting down and overcoming the limitations to help the fishermen, a system with many efficient technologies and to serve the cause without compromising the affordability has been designed. This system uses the present robust GPS technology along with long-range radio communication coded with the geofencing algorithm to serve the cause of cautioning the fisherman in an event of border cross thus keeping them safe. Keywords International Maritime Border Communication [11]. [14], Fisherman, GPS I. INTRODUCTION [13], Geofencing [16], Long-Range Radio International Border defined as the boundary line, surrounds a country by land and water inside which a country defines its constitution for the wellbeing of their people. Basically, there are following two types of International Borders: International Land Border International Maritime boundary [14] International Land Borders in most cases are properly demarcated and there is the presence of physical boundary with Border Security Force or Military which makes it secure. On the other hand, International Maritime boundaries in many developed and developing economies of this time are not properly demarcated and in many cases absence of physical boundary due to various disputes creates problems for common people who use oceans, seas as their income source like for example fishing. One example of such problem is India-Pakistan International Maritime Boundary which is still under dispute and several fishermen every year get captured by both of the nation s navy and coast guard, which leads to a political war. Unavailability of navigation equipment to the fishermen mainly from the developing countries which in some cases are expensive for them creates a turmoil in their daily life of them. Nowadays various technologies are available for navigating across the globe, such as GPS [13], GLONASS etc. Proper use of these technologies interfaced with other technologies like microcontrollers, the communication system can provide us with the desired navigation system. Geofencing here can be used for setting up the proper demarcation of the border, both in land-based and maritime based. In this research project, a GPS enhanced with geofencing algorithm being interfaced with a microcontroller for the proper demarcation of the boundaries has been configured which can communicate in case of emergencies or upon an event of border crossing. By using this system, a fisherman will be able to identify the International Maritime Border and move safely across the ocean. In turn, the system will help our country avoid International Maritime Disputes. II. RESEARCH STATEMENT Navigation Systems which are presently used by the ships, navy etc., for navigating through the oceans which in turn are sophisticated and expensive systems. There are many technologies available for navigation across the maritime region many of which even provides systems for communication in case of emergencies. These systems are sometimes not portable at all because of the size or the setup or configuration. So, this field of maritime navigation with proper communication system at affordable cost with increased portability makes it a researchable area. Thus, the objectives of this research work are: To Develop a proper navigation system across the maritime region considering the international maritime border and the restricted maritime zones by using the simple technologies at affordable cost. To alarm the user (fisherman in the boat) upon operating too close to the All rights Reserved 1604

2 To generate Distress signal (from the boat) upon crossing the safe demarcated border for the device. To receive the distress signal by the nearby Coast Guard or Navy ship due to their constant monitoring of radio signals so as to assist the fisherman to stay inside the border. III. COMPARATIVE STUDY AND ANALYSIS The present systems which are available are very sophisticated, unaffordable and out of reach for the fisherman. The papers reviewed related to the report s topic have their own limitations and the comparative analysis are as follows, The microcontrollers which have been used previously are PIC16F877A, PIC16F887, and AT89s52 which are 8bit microcontrollers and have much lower crystal frequency [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]. This microcontroller may lead to delay during the processing of the algorithm used. This delay, in turn, will affect the system s performance and may fail to serve the cause as because the boat will move with certain speed. The proposed system here will overcome this limitation by using a 64bit Broadcom BCM2837 CPU [8] with a crystal frequency of 1 GHz which will eventually process the algorithm much faster. The microcontrollers used in the papers reviewed do not use any operating system and run on a superloop method which sometimes fails to provide us with close to real-time solutions. The proposed system uses Raspberry Pi [8] which uses Linux as its operating system and thus can provide us with close to real-time solutions. The Communication technologies used in the paper reviewed uses GSM [10] modem for communication in case of border crossing and in case of emergency. The availability of GSM connectivity across the ocean is subject to concern and may fail to communicate during the event of border crossing due to unavailability of GSM connectivity. The proposed system overcomes this limitation by the use of long-range radio communication which uses radio frequency as its communication medium. The radio frequency does not have to depend for wireless network connectivity like GSM and can work anywhere across the ocean. IV. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION Raspberry Pi-3 Model B [8] : It is a small single board computer developed in the United Kingdom by the Raspberry Pi Foundation. This model features a Broadcom System on a Chip (SOC) with an integrated ARM compatible central processing unit (CPU) and on the chip graphics processing unit (GPU). The board consists of several ports for connecting other devices like a keyboard, mouse etc. This board also supports protocols like Inter-Integrated Circuit (I 2 C) and Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI). This B model also has an 8P8C ethernet port. This also has onboard Wi-Fi (IEEE ) and Bluetooth (IEEE ). Arduino Uno Rev3 [9] : Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins out of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs, 6 analogue inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB Type-B connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It is programmable with the Arduino IDE via a type B USB cable. The input power can be provided either by the USB-B type interface or through the external power supply(7v-20v). GPS Receiver [13] : A GPS navigation device accurately calculates geographical location by receiving information from GPS Satellites. This is owned by the United States Government and is operated by the United States Air Force. Initially, it was used by the United States Military, but now most of the receivers are in automobiles and smartphones uses GPS. Long Range (LoRa) Radio Frequency (RF) Transceiver [11] : It is usually a small electronic device used to transmit and/or receive radio signals between two devices with a range of up to 10km in the line of sight. In an embedded system, it is often desirable to communicate with another device wirelessly. This communication may be accomplished through this radio frequency (RF) communication. There are different types RF Transceivers available depending upon types and ranges. Some operate in the Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) radio bands such as MHz, 915 MHz, 2.4GHz etc. These frequencies are used because of national and international regulations governing the use of radio for communication. The module used is AI-Thinker RA-02 [27] LoRa RF Transceiver which operates in MHz and is based on the Semtech SX1278 [26] LoRa Chip. The range of this module is up to 10km in the line of sight. The range depends upon the antenna used and the obstacles between the sender and the receiver. V. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The system (refer to Figure 1) receives raw data from the GPS receiver which is raw GPS NMEA data from which the locational data gets fetched by the raspberry pi-3 microcontroller. The locational data consists of latitude and All rights Reserved 1605

3 values of the device s position which is then processed by the raspberry pi-3 microcontroller through the geofencing algorithm to check whether the location received is inside the geofence or not. Two zones have been configured in the device which are: Safe Zone: Where the position remains safe. Warning Zone: This is the zone upon crossing the predefined geofence which will be at least 5km before the International Maritime Border, thus providing enough distance to the fisherman to revert back to safe zone. During processing through the geofencing algorithm fed to the system, the alarm is triggered on entering the warning zone i.e. after crossing the predefined geofence. A relay system is used to get control of the boat s engine and upon waiting for a certain period of time the relay system gets triggered and shuts down the engine before crossing the International Maritime Border. This will give the indication to the fisherman which will make them cautious about the International Maritime Border so that the fisherman could take necessary action to return to the safe zone. After the engine shut event, simultaneously a Radio Frequency (RF) signal containing a distress message with Latitude and Longitude values of the proposed device (in the boat) will be transmitted through the LORA RF transceiver interfaced with the device, which will eventually be received by a nearby ship, patrolling coast guard or navy. Then besides the fisherman s action, the nearby ship will assist him/her to remain inside the border. Figure 1. Block Diagram of the Proposed System VI. GEOFENCING Ray Casting Method (Geofencing Algorithmic Base): This method checks that how many times a ray starting from the point and going in any fixed direction, intersects the edges of the polygon. If the point is on the outside of the polygon the ray will intersect its edge an even number of times. If the point is on the inside of the polygon then it will intersect the edge an odd number of times. Algorithm Explanation: Here a semi-infinite ray has been drawn horizontally out from the test point by increasing X coordinate keeping Y coordinate fixed and then the number of edges it crossed has been counted. At each crossing, the ray switches between inside and outside. This is called the Jordan curve All rights Reserved 1606

4 The variable c has been considered, which switches from 0 to 1 and 1 to 0 each time the horizontal ray crosses an edge. Thus, this keeps a track of the crossed number of edges to be either even or odd. Here 0 means even and 1 means odd. This c is then returned from the function. Figure 2. Geofencing Operational Flow Chart The flowchart as shown in Figure-2 describes the working of the geofencing in identifying the location of the device through latitude and longitude values. The three-stage continuous check not only provides identification inside the geofence but also identification across the vertex and edge of the pre-defined geofence, thus providing more accuracy of detection. VII. RESULT AND OUTPUT OF THE PROTOTYPE Case 1 Inside Border: In this case, the device shows the locational data i.e., latitude and longitude value of the device s current position as shown in Figure 3(a) and also, the status as Inside Border in the LCD as shown in Figure 3(b). The LoRa module, in this case, does not transmit any data. The output of the Raspberry Pi 3 in the Python IDE Shell and the LoRa module in the serial monitor of Arduino is shown in Figure 4. (a) (b) Figure 3: (a) Prototype Device Showing Locational Data in the LCD. (b) Prototype Device Showing Status as Inside Border in the All rights Reserved 1607

5 Figure 4: Prototype Device Output in the IDE showing device s status as Inside Border and no transmission and reception by the LoRa Modules in their respective Serial Monitor Window. Case 2 Outside Border: In this case, the device shows the locational data i.e., latitude and longitude value of the device s current position as shown in Figure 5(a) and also, the status as Border Crossed in the LCD as shown in Figure 5(b). The LoRa module, in this case, transmits the distress signal along with the locational data. The output of the Raspberry Pi 3 in the Python IDE Shell and the LoRa module in the serial monitor of Arduino is shown in Figure 6. (a) (b) Figure 5: (a) Prototype Device Showing Locational Data in the LCD. (b) Prototype Device Showing Status as Border Crossed in the All rights Reserved 1608

6 Figure 6: Prototype Device Output in the IDE showing device s status as Border Crossed and transmission and reception by the LoRa Modules in their respective Serial Monitor Window. VIII. CONCLUSION The experimental results and output of the proposed research work prove that the proper interfaced prototype of the proposed system can be used as a more efficient border navigation system for the fishermen including the alert and safety systems cautioning them of International Maritime Border. The presence of RF transceiver makes it more diversified to use across any part of the ocean without worrying about the GSM connectivity and enhancing all this with the presence of an operating system. IX. REFERENCES [1] S.Giompapa, F.Gini, A.Farina, A.Graziano, R.Croci, R.Distefano, Maritime Border Control Multisensor System, Journal IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, Volume 24, Issue 8, Institute of Electricals and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), September 2009 [2] K.Prabakaran, N.Raj Kumar, G.Punitha, Sabana Asmi, B.Paulchamy, A Noval Approach of Geofencing and Geotagging System Based Sea Border Identification using Embedded System, International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Technology, ICCTET 13, Institute of Electricals and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), December [3] Vijayakumar T, Jagadesan D, Prasad M, Prabin S.B, Ramu S, Safety System for Fishing Boats to Prevent from International Border Crossing, International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER), ISSN: , April All rights Reserved 1609

7 [4] Aishwarya Dalvi, Ridhee Borad, Nidhi Dawda, Niraj Bangera, Fishermen Nautical Border Alert System, Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET), Volume 5, Issue 3, ISSN: , March [5] S.Vivek, T.V.Aravind Venkatraman, L.Aravinth, G.Raagul, Automatic Border Crossing Detection and Navigation of Boat, International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering (IJSTE), Volume 1, Issue 8, ISSN: X, February [6] Nishigandha Shirsat, Swati Nalawade, Monika Mhasidhune, A.A.Hatkar, Study of Maritime Boundary Identification and Fisherman Patrol System, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science and Engineering (IJIRSE), Volume 2, Issue 3, ISSN: , March [7] Fabrice Reclus, Kristen Drouard, Geofencing for Fleet & Freight Management, 9 th International Conference on Intelligent Transport Systems Telecommunications (ITST), Electronic ISBN: , October [8] Raspberry Pi 3 Model B, [9] Arduino Uno: [10] GSM: [11] LoRa RF Transceiver chip [12] RF module: [13] GPS: [14] International Maritime Border: [15] Raspberry Pi: [16] Geofence: [17] Chartplotter: [18] Marine Radar: [19] Radar: [20] Day & Night Camera: [21] AIS: [22] Indian Coast Guard: [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] All rights Reserved 1610

8 X. AUTHOR PROFILE Debaditya Bagchi: Post Graduate Student of Embedded Systems Engineering, G.H Patel College of Engineering and Technology, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat Areas of interest include Embedded Systems, Consumer Electronics, Artificial Intelligence and All rights Reserved 1611