Exercise 1: Inductive Reactance
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1 nductive Reactance Exercise 1: nductive Reactance EERCSE OBJECTE When you have completed this exercise, you will be able to determine inductive reactance ( L ) by using calculated and measured values. You will verify your results with an oscilloscope. DSCUSSON An inductor passes ac current even though it presents opposition in the form of an impedance. The L ). nductive reactance is calculated with the following equation, where L is the reactance measured in ohms, f is frequency in hertz, and L is inductance in henries (H). The 2 constant, approximately equal to 6.28, indicates that this equation applies to sine waves only. L 2 fl As shown in the equation above, L depends on the inductance and on the frequency of the applied signal. f inductance is increased, increases; if inductance is decreased, L L decreases. Also, if frequency is increased, L increases; if frequency is decreased, L decreases. L is independent of the amplitude of the applied signal. ncreasing or decreasing the amplitude has no effect on inductive reactance. f L1 is decreased from 1 mh to 0.5 mh, inductive reactance a. increases. b. decreases. c. remains the same. When a sine wave of 10 khz is applied to an inductor of 2 mh, inductive reactance is: L 2 fl 6.28 x 10 khz x 2 mh FACET by Lab-olt
2 nductive Reactance When a sine wave of 30 khz is applied to an inductor of 1 mh, inductive reactance is L 2 fl a ohms. b x 10 ohms. c. 188 ohms. PROCEDURE f necessary, clear the AC 1 FUNDAMENTALS circuit board of all two-post connectors and any other connections. shown. Adjust GEN for a 10 pk-pk, 60 khz sine wave (remember to set the frequency and amplitude with the oscilloscope). L ) of by ). PRACTCAL (MEASURED) METHOD: L CALCULATED METHOD: L 2 fl You will then compare your measured value of L to the calculated value. FACET by Lab-olt 81
3 nductive Reactance Determine the total circuit current (). NOTE: To determine the ac circuit current, remove the two-post connector and use the oscilloscope to measure the peak-to-peak voltage drop across R2. Take the measurement and divide the value by the resistance of R2 (10 ). Replace the two-post connector before moving on to the next step. R2 ma pk-pk (Recall alue 1) Measure with the oscilloscope. pk-pk (Recall alue 2) Use your measured values of ( ma pk-pk [Step 4, Recall alue 1]) and ( pk-pk [Step 5, Recall alue 2]) to calculate the inductive reactance of ( ). (Recall alue 3) 82 FACET by Lab-olt
4 nductive Reactance Calculate the value of. 2 fl (Recall alue 4) Compare your values of from the practical method (Step 6, Recall alue 3) and the calculated method (Step 7, Recall alue 4). PRACTCAL METHOD: L CALCULATED METHOD: L 2 fl Does it appear that either method can be used? a. yes b. no inductive reactance ( ). You will then compare your new value of inductive reactance with the reactance value before was reduced. FACET by Lab-olt 83
5 nductive Reactance Place CM switch 17 in the ON position to decrease the value of to mh. f necessary, readjust GEN for a 10 pk-pk sine wave at 60 khz. Determine the total circuit current (). R2 ma pk-pk (Recall alue 5) Measure the voltage drop across ( ) with the oscilloscope. pk-pk (Recall alue 6) Your measured values of ( pk-pk [Step 10, Recall alue 6]) and ( ma pk-pk [Step 9, Recall alue 5]) are used to determine the inductive reactance of (0.825 mh). pk pk(step 10, Recall alue 6) ma (Step 9, Recall alue 5) / 1000 pk pk * (Recall alue 7) * Certain calculated answers based on measured Recall alues are not included in the nstructor Guide. The instructor may use Recall alue nominal answers from the nstructor Guide to determine if the calculated answer by the student is within the nominal value range. 84 FACET by Lab-olt
6 nductive Reactance Compare your values of inductive reactance with equal to 4.7 mh ( [Step 6, Recall alue 3]) and mh (value of calculated above [Step 11, Recall alue 7]). Does decreasing inductance increase or decrease inductive reactance? a. increase b. decrease value of inductive reactance ( ). You will then compare your new value of inductive reactance with the reactance value before the frequency was reduced. Decrease the frequency of the generator to 20 khz. Readjust GEN for 10 pk-pk, if necessary. Remeasure the circuit current () and voltage drop across ( ). Calculate at 20 khz. (Recall alue 8) Compare your values of inductive reactance at 60 khz ( [Step 6, Recall alue 3]) and at 20 khz ( [Step 13, Recall alue 8]). Does decreasing the frequency of the applied signal increase or decrease inductive reactance? a. increase b. decrease FACET by Lab-olt 85
7 nductive Reactance n the following steps, the amplitude of the generator will be decreased in value. Use the practical method ). You will then compare your value of inductive reactance with the reactance value before the amplitude was reduced. Adjust the frequency of the generator to 60 khz and GEN for 8 pk-pk. Remeasure the circuit current () and voltage drop across ( ). Calculate with the generator amplitude at 8 pk-pk. (Recall alue 9) Compare your value of inductive reactance at a generator input of 10 pk-pk ( [Step 6, Recall alue 3]) and 8 pk-pk ( [Step 15, Recall alue 9]). Decreasing the amplitude of the applied signal causes inductive reactance to a. increase. b. decrease. c. remain the same. Make sure all CMs are cleared (turned off) before proceeding to the next section. CONCLUSON nductive reactance ( L ) can be calculated or determined from voltage and current measurements. nductive reactance depends on the value of inductance and on the frequency of the applied signal. nductive reactance is independent of the amplitude of the applied signal. 86 FACET by Lab-olt
8 nductive Reactance REEW QUESTONS 1. circuit board. Connect the circuit shown. Adjust GEN for a 10 pk-pk, 60 khz sine wave. Measure the circuit current () and voltage drop across ( ). Calculate. NOTE: To determine the ac circuit current, remove the two-post connector and use the oscilloscope to measure the peak-to-peak voltage drop across sensing resistor R2. Take the measurement and divide the value by the resistance of R2 (10 ). Replace the two-post connector before measuring using the oscilloscope. Recall alue 1 Place CM switch 16 in the ON position to alter the value of. Remeasure the circuit current () and voltage drop across ( ). Calculate. Recall alue 2 Compare your value of inductive reactance before CM switch 16 was turned ON with the value after CM 16 was actived. You conclude that CM 16 a. decreased the inductance. b. increased the amplitude of GEN. c. increased inductance. d. decreased. 2. A 10 khz, 12 pk-pk sine wave applied to an inductor measuring 1.0 mh has an inductive reactance ( L ) of a b c d. 7.8 k. FACET by Lab-olt 87
9 nductive Reactance 3. ncreasing the amplitude of the signal applied to an inductor a. decreases inductive reactance. b. has no effect on inductive reactance. c. increases inductive reactance. d. decreases circuit current. 4. nductive reactance increases when a. frequency increases. b. inductance decreases. c. frequency decreases. d. amplitude increases. 5. The equation used to determine inductive reactance ( L 2 fl) in this exercise is valid for a. sine waves and square waves. b. square waves only. c. sine waves only. d. all ac waveforms. NOTE: Make sure all CMs are cleared (turned off) before proceeding to the next section. 88 FACET by Lab-olt
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Unit-2 ECE131 BEEE Chapter 11 Alternating Current Objectives After completing this chapter, you will be able to: Describe how an AC voltage is produced with an AC generator (alternator) Define alternation,