BackDoor: Making Microphones Hear Inaudible Sounds
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1 BackDoor: Making Microphones Hear Inaudible Sounds Nirupam Roy Haitham Hassanieh Romit Roy Choudhury University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
2 Microphones are everywhere
3 Microphones are everywhere
4 Microphones record audible sounds I hear that Audible sound Speaker I record that
5 Inaudible, but recordable! I can t hear that Speaker I record that
6 Works with unmodified devices Camera Smartwatch Speaker Laptop Hearing Aid
7 Amplitude It s not near-ultrasound Near-ultrasound 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k Frequency chirp.io DopLink UbiComp 13 lisnr.com Spartacus MobiSys 13 Pseudo-ranging SenSys 12 AAMouse MobiSys 15 SoundWave CHI 12 ApneaApp MobiSys 15 AirLink UbiComp 14 Crowd-counting SenSys 12
8 Amplitude Exploiting fundamental nonlinearity 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k Frequency Microphone hardware
9 What can we do with it?
10 Application: Acoustic jammer
11 Application: Acoustic communication
12 Threat: Acoustic DOS attack
13 Threat: Acoustic DOS attack Jamming hearing aids
14 Threat: Acoustic DOS attack Jamming hearing aids Blocking 911 calls
15 Talk outline Microphone Overview System Design Challenges Evaluation
16 Talk outline Microphone Overview System Design Challenges Evaluation
17 Microphone working principle Diaphragm Amplifier Filter ADC
18 Microphone working principle Diaphragm Amplifier Filter ADC
19 Amplitude Microphone working principle 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency Diaphragm Amplifier Filter ADC
20 Amplitude Microphone working principle 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency Diaphragm Amplifier Filter ADC
21 Amplitude Microphone working principle 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency Diaphragm Amplifier Filter ADC
22 Amplitude Microphone working principle 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency Diaphragm Amplifier Filter ADC
23 Microphone working principle Amplitude Microphone filter 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency Diaphragm Amplifier Filter ADC
24 Microphone working principle Amplitude Microphone filter 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency Diaphragm Amplifier Filter ADC
25 Microphone working principle V out Output V in Input Output Input V out = a 1 V in V out = a 1 V in + a 2 V in2 + a 3 V in3 + 10k Frequency 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Amplifier
26 Microphone working principle V out Output V in Input Output Input V out = a 1 V in V out = a 1 V in + a 2 V in 2 10k Frequency 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Amplifier
27 Microphone working principle V out Output V in Input Output Input V out = a 1 V in V out = a 1 V in + a 2 V in 2 10k Frequency 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Amplifier
28 Talk outline Microphone Overview System Design Challenges Evaluation
29 Exploiting amplifier non-linearity F 1 = 50kHz F 2 = 40kHz Amplitude Microphone filter F 2 F 1 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency
30 Exploiting amplifier non-linearity F 1 = 50kHz F 2 = 40kHz Amplitude Microphone filter F 2 F 1 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency V out = a 1 V in + a 2 V in 2 ( sin F 1 + sin F 2 ) 2 = cos 2F 1 + cos 2F 2 + cos (F 1 +F 2 ) + cos (F 1 - F 2 )
31 Exploiting amplifier non-linearity Amplitude Microphone filter F 2 F 1 F 1 = 50kHz F 2 = 40kHz 2F 2 (F 1 +F 2 ) 2F 1 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency V out = a 1 V in + a 2 V in 2 ( sin F 1 + sin F 2 ) 2 = cos 2F 1 + cos 2F 2 + cos (F 1 +F 2 ) + cos (F 1 - F 2 )
32 Exploiting amplifier non-linearity Amplitude Microphone filter F 2 F 1 F 1 = 50kHz F 2 = 40kHz 2F 2 (F 1 +F 2 ) 2F 1 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency V out = a 1 V in + a 2 V in 2 ( sin F 1 + sin F 2 ) 2 = cos 2F 1 + cos 2F 2 + cos (F 1 +F 2 ) + cos (F 1 - F 2 )
33 Exploiting amplifier non-linearity Amplitude (F 1 -F 2 ) Microphone filter F 2 F 1 F 1 = 50kHz F 2 = 40kHz 2F 2 (F 1 +F 2 ) 2F 1 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency V out = a 1 V in + a 2 V in 2 ( sin F 1 + sin F 2 ) 2 = cos 2F 1 + cos 2F 2 + cos (F 1 +F 2 ) + cos (F 1 - F 2 )
34 Exploiting amplifier non-linearity Amplitude (F 1 -F 2 ) Microphone filter F 2 F 1 F 1 = 50kHz F 2 = 40kHz 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency
35 Exploiting amplifier non-linearity Amplitude (F 1 -F 2 ) Microphone filter F 2 F 1 F 1 = 50kHz F 2 = 40kHz 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency
36 Talk outline Microphone Overview System Design Challenges Evaluation
37 Challenges Amplitude F 2 F 1 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency Speaker s nonlinearity Microphone s nonlinearity Amplitude F 1 -F 2 F 2 F 1 2F 2 F 1 +F 2 2F 1 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency
38 Challenges Amplitude F 1 -F 2 F 2 F 1 2F 2 F 1 +F 2 2F 1 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency Speaker s nonlinearity Microphone s nonlinearity Amplitude F 1 -F 2 F 2 F 2F 2 F 1 +F 1 2 2F 1 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency
39 Challenges Amplitude F 1 -F 2 F 2 F 1 2F 2 F 1 +F 2 2F 1 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency Microphone s nonlinearity Amplitude F 1 -F 2 F 2 F 1 2F 2 F 1 +F 2 2F 1 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k 60k 70k 80k 90k 100k Frequency
40 Challenges Amplitude modulation Ultrasonic speaker
41 Challenges Frequency modulation Ultrasonic speaker
42 Challenges Signal self-demodulation Piezoelectric ringing effect Carrier intermixing Spectrum inversion Carrier power allocation
43 Measurements and Validation Sensitivity to High Frequencies: 60kHz sound was played through an ultrasonic speaker and recorded with a programmable micro- phone circuit.
44 Measurements and Validation
45 Hearing Aid Camera Laptop Smart-watch 0 Android phone 20 iphone 40 Camera 50 khz 60 Hearing aids 40 khz BackDoor Signal (db) Hardware generalizability Devices iphone Android Smartwatch phone Laptop
46 Talk outline Microphone Overview System Design Challenges Evaluation
47 Implementation Communication prototype Jammer prototype
48 Communication performance FM data packets 4kbps up to 1 meter More power can increase the distance
49 Jamming performance Spy microphone BackDoor jammer
50 Jamming performance Spy microphone BackDoor jammer
51 Jamming performance Spy microphone BackDoor jammer
52 Jamming performance Spy microphone BackDoor jammer
53 Jamming performance Spy microphone BackDoor jammer
54 Jamming performance 2000 spoken words Jammed recording BackDoor jammer
55 Jamming performance 2000 spoken words Jammed recording BackDoor jammer Human listener Speech recognition
56 Jamming performance 2000 spoken words Jammed recording BackDoor jammer % of legible words Human listener Speech recognition
57 Jamming distance Jamming performance 100 Human users Legibility of words (%) Automatic speech recognition
58 Jamming performance
59 Takeaways Specially designed inaudible sound can be recorded with unmodified microphone It can make acoustic jammer possible and also can be a communication channel It also uncovers threats like acoustic Denial-of-Service attacks
60 Thank You SyNRG group website:
61
62 Jamming distance Jamming performance 100 Human users Legibility of words (%) Automatic speech recognition
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