DSRC Toll System as Interferer for Vehicle WLAN on 5G in Europe
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1 DSRC Toll System as Interferer for Vehicle WLAN on 5G in Europe Dr. Florian Pfeiffer perisens GmbH Version Author Comment Date 1.0 F. Pfeiffer Creation of document F. Pfeiffer Minor changes (Slide 2 and 3) Dr. Florian Pfeiffer perisens GmbH
2 Toll Systems in Europe In Western Europe there are several toll collect systems which uses as identification system the Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) communication at 5.8GHz between vehicle and infrastructure DSRC antennas (one each lane) OBU (on-board unit) Further DSRC based systems in Croatia, Greece, Slovenia, Ireland, UK, etc Source: de/road-solutions/interurban/tolling-systems-for-freeways/sitraffic-sensus-unit-de.pdf Dr. Florian Pfeiffer 2
3 DSRC vs. 5G Vehicle WLAN DSRC system 5G vehicle WLAN PHY-Layer according to EN12253 Channels: Ch1: 5,7975GHz Ch2: 5,8025GHz Ch3: GHz Ch4: GHz Max. power +33dBm (EIRP) Modulation with PSK subcarriers at 1,5MHz and 2MHz (similar to RFID) Coexistence issues: Toll bridge constantly transmits a CW carrier at channel center frequency (e.g GHz); for communication the OBU modulates a signal on this carrier (similar to an RFID system); the OBU does not transmit an carrier itself PHY-Layer according to IEEE Channels in SRD-band Ch149: 5.745GHz Ch153: 5.765GHz Ch157: 5.785GHz Ch161: 5.805GHz (within DSRC channels) Ch165: 5.825GHz Max. power +14dBm (EIRP) OFDM Modulation Coexistence issues Listen before Talk; WLAN only transmits if the channel is idle (CSMA/CA); a WLAN system will not transmit if it detects a signal with power of -62dBm or higher (for OFDM signal -82dBm); in case of a CW signal it will not transmit at all so long the signal is above the mentioned threshold Dr. Florian Pfeiffer (pfeiffer@perisens.de) 3
4 Situation in Germany 300 toll bridges (mainly on German Autobahn) This number will increase as tolled road kilometers will be more than tripled after mid Dr. Florian Pfeiffer 4
5 Power Measurment Toll Bridge on A8 (near Ulm) Typicall Rx spectrum of toll bridge 3dBi-stub antenna USRP B200 Scanner Ch Dr. Florian Pfeiffer 5
6 Power Measurment Toll Bridge on A8 (near Ulm) Rx power vs. distance to toll bridge 3dBi-stub antenna USRP B200 Scanner WLAN will not transmit WLAN will transmit ca. 35m -62dBm WLAN CA threshold In a distance of ~35m (mainly before the bridge) the Tx power is above -62dBm and a WLAN system would not transmit due to CSMA/CA Dr. Florian Pfeiffer (pfeiffer@perisens.de) 6
7 WLAN-Throughput Measurement Setup Stations / iperf-clients Samsung Galaxy S6 (1x1 SISO) WLAN chipset BCM4358 Android Access Point / iperf-server Gigabyte BRIX (1x1 SISO) WLAN chipset BCM89359 Connected via WLAN ac, 5 GHz (80 MHz, ch. 149) 2.4 GHz unit scanning unit placed on co-driver s seat Car used: VW Golf VII Variant (no IR glass) Software: WiFi Tracker v1.0.3 placed on back seat Dr. Florian Pfeiffer (pfeiffer@perisens.de) 7
8 WLAN-Throughput Measurement Toll bridge at A9 (near Manching) passing through (northbound, same lane) exiting and turning (exit 63) passing by (southbound, opposite lane) Dr. Florian Pfeiffer 8
9 WLAN-Throughput Measurement Toll bridge at A9 (near Manching) ca. 215 m / 7s ca. 77m /2.5s Throughput drops below average for 215 m (7 111 km/h) and below 50 Mbit/s for 77 m ( km/h) Dr. Florian Pfeiffer (pfeiffer@perisens.de) 9
10 Power measurment Toll Bridge on A9 (near Manching) -62dBm WLAN CA threshold ca. 54 m WLAN will not transmit WLAN will transmit Dr. Florian Pfeiffer (pfeiffer@perisens.de) 10
11 Conclusion Summary DSRC communication for toll systems uses the same frequency band than vehicular WLAN in Europe the DSRC EN12253 is a communication standard for telematics systems widely used in Europe PHY layer communication is similar to RFID where the toll bridges constantly transmits a CW signal the transmit power is +33dBm (EIRP) (compared to +14dBm (EIRP) for SRD WLAN) all four DSRC channels are lying within WLAN Channel 161; this also affects the 40MHz (Ch ) and the 80MHz (Ch ) WLAN communication The DSRC system has locally a strong interference influence on vehicle WLAN systems; in a distance of about 49m to the bridge we measured a receive power above -62dBm (which is the energy threshold for CSMA/CA and would not allow WLAN to use the channel) the iperf TCP-throughput drops significantly within a 215m range and even down to 0Mbit/s close to the toll bridge Possible Solutions A dynamic channel adaptation from 80MHz to 40MHz in case of a inference detection would ensure a WLAN communication (at lower throughput) in vicinities of toll bridges Introduction of an in-vehicle mode which allows RLANs operation in the MHz ranges in vehicles with Tx power of 20mW (EIRP) see CEPT Proposal to Overcome Outdoor Limitation for RLANs operation in the MHz in vehicles, 28 th August Dr. Florian Pfeiffer (pfeiffer@perisens.de) 11
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