A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS
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1 A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS Masum Hossain & Anthony Chan Carusone Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Toronto
2 Outline Applications g m -Boosting for bandwidth enhancement Differential pre-amplifier employing passive g m -boosting Full front end amplifier Conclusions A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 2
3 Applications AC-coupled receiver front end: Serial link receiver front end: A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 3
4 Pre-amp Topology Distributed Amplifier High bandwidth Large area High power consumption Difficult to achieve constant group delay Cascode Amplifier Low power High VDD due to stacked transistors Bandwidth limited by node capacitances A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 4
5 Standard CMOS Cascode 3 time constants of simple cascode: τ = R r ( ) C out L 0 OUT C + C + C + 2C C τ cascode = = g g GS2 DB1 SB2 GD1 X m2 m2 τ input = RinCin A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 5
6 g m -Boosted Cascode meff [ 1 ( )] g = + A s g m Increases output resistance Reduces time constant at V x Ameliorates Miller effect at the input A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 6
7 g m -Boosted Cascode Passive g m - boosting: meff [ 1 ( )] g = + As g g = g for s = 0 meff m g = 2 g for s = meff m m A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 7
8 g m -Boosted Cascode L 1 separates C PAD and C IN [Sackinger 05] A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 8
9 g m -Boosted Cascode L 2 separates the C D of M 1 and C S of M 2 [Analui 04] A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 9
10 g m -Boosted Cascode L3 and L4 provide series and shunt peaking [Lee 04] A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 10
11 g m -Boosted Cascode 3-dB Bandwidth (GHz) > 30 % improvement C (ff) R = 500Ω A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 11
12 Differential g m -Boosted Cascode R L is divided to improve the BW [Greshishchev 99] Feedback sets the input resistance to 50 Ω 1.2 ma 15 ma A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 12
13 Differential g m -Boosted Cascode 1.6 mm 0.7 mm Output Buffer A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 13
14 Measurement of g m -Boosted Pre-amp 2 port VNA 50 Ω DC Block DC Block 50 Ω A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 14
15 Measurement of g m -Boosted Pre-amp V DD = 2.5 V BW = 22 GHz 6 db was added to the S 21 measured on a 2-port network analyzer A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 15
16 Measurement of g m -Boosted Pre-amp V DD = 2.2 V BW = 21 GHz 6 db was added to the S 21 measured on a 2-port network analyzer A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 16
17 Measurement of g m -Boosted Pre-amp V DD = 2.5 V P 1dB for 6-GHz input A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 17
18 Measurement of g m -Boosted Pre-amp V DD = 2.5 V A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 18
19 Full Front End Design Bandwidth > 20 GHz Constant group delay Gain > 6 db 50-Ω Input Matching Bandwidth > 20 GHz Constant group delay Gain > 4 db 50-Ω output driver A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 19
20 Post-amplifier Used to cancel Miller capacitances A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 20
21 Post-amplifier L 1,L 2 chosen for maximally flat frequency response A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 21
22 Full Front End 2.0 mm 0.7 mm Cascode pre-amp 2 stage Post-amp G G S S G A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 22
23 Measurement of Full Front End V DD = 2.5 V BW = 19 GHz 6 db was added to the S 21 measured on a 2-port network analyzer A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 23
24 Measurement of Full Front End V DD = 2.2 V BW = 17.5 GHz 6 db was added to the S 21 measured on a 2-port network analyzer A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 24
25 Measurement of Full Front End V DD = 2.0 V BW = 16 GHz 6 db was added to the S 21 measured on a 2-port network analyzer A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 25
26 Measurement Setup for Eye Diagrams Agilent 86100C Scope Attenuator PRBS streams 4:1 Mux A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 26
27 Eye Diagram Measurements 20 Gb/s, 270 mvpp input amplitude A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 27
28 Eye Diagram Measurements 24 Gb/s, 270 mvpp input amplitude A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 28
29 Sensitivity Testing 14 Gb/s, 27 mvpp input amplitude 55 mv A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 29
30 Summary A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 30
31 Passive g m -boosting Conclusions Improves the time constant at cascode node Reduces Miller effect at the input node Does not reduce DC gain Does not introduce peaking No additional power consumption Pre-amplifier (only) achieves BW of 22 GHz in 0.18-µm CMOS Front end (pre-amp + post-amp) gain > 10 db is achieved with BW of 19 GHz A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 31
32 Acknowledgements Shahriar Shahramian Canadian Microelectronics Corporation Intel Corporation A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 32
33 Extras
34 Standard CMOS Cascode For example, assuming R in = 50 Ω, R L = 150 Ω, M1 & M2 are 20 x 2 μm, I D = 7.5 ma, C PAD = 70 ff, and C L = 40 ff: τ = 15pS out τ = 12pS cascode τ = input 9pS A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 34
35 Time Constants of g m -boosted Cascode A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 35
36 Differential g m -boosted Cascode G S G S G g m boosting : Improves Input time constant Improves the time cascode node Do not reduce DC Gain No additional DC power consumption G S G S G A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 36
37 Post Amplifier Implementation Post Amplifier G G S S G G G S S G A 19-GHz Broadband Amplifier Using a g m -Boosted Cascode in 0.18-μm CMOS 37
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