ANALYSIS MANAGEMENT SHIP TRAFFIC SYSTEM IN MAKASSAR PORT

Transcription

1 ANALYSIS MANAGEMENT SHIP TRAFFIC SYSTEM IN MAKASSAR PORT By Rivan Syamsurijal Biya Abstraction Indonesia is Island Country which is consist of many Island spreading on the sea. Therefore sea transport or traffic sea is important for Indonesia. Beside that Indonesia is a Big Strait connecting two oceans, Hindia Ocean and Pasific Ocean. Every ship which want to and from the two oceans have to pass Sunda Strait, Lombok Strait, and Malaka Strait. Traffic Management, surveillance, and Observation sea must be done for ensure safety and security on the paths sea transport. One of technology which surveillance sea transport pathway is Coastal Radio Station and Automatic Identification System. Typical Communication System at Coastal Radio Station is Mobile Communication and Fixed Communication. Mobile Communication consist of ground wave and sky wave communication for long distance (d > 74 km) at frequency 90 khz 30 MHz and VHF communication for short distance (0 < d < 74 km). Fixed Communication consist of communication sky wave with 3 30 MHz. AIS (Automatic Identification System) using space wave propagation, and S band X band Radar. This paper using RF theory to calculate margin, S/N or Free Fresnel Zone-1, if the condition had been determined fulfill then Management Sea Traffic System meet the fine Communication System Requirement. Research is doing for this paper still have many lacking, as the data is not accurate because the limited access. Introduction Makassar position can describe as longitude at 5 0 and latitude at119 0 where even not strategies as place to Management Sea Traffic but is still important to sea transport path and commerce between East Indonesia and West Indonesia. Picture 1. Makassar city and around. Management Sea Traffic System Model can separate as : Coastal Radio Station, Automatic Identification System (AIS), Regulator. Coastal Radio Station have a role as GMDSS (Global Maritime Distress and Safety System) on the sea. AIS have a function as surveillance station with specific information than Coastal Radio Station. And Regulator as a law enforcement on the port. At Coastal Radio Station reliability of Communication calculated on ground wave propagation at 500 khz, sky wave propagation at 12,520 MHz (and more far about this frequency used can reference to Coastal Radio Station Makassar), and Radio link 400 MHz between Receiver Station and Transmitter Station. Reliability AIS calculated as how far maximum distance can reach by AIS. In the other hand Regulator is not explain in this paper. 1

2 conductivity 5 mho/m, and range 200 km. Picture 2. Communication at Coastal Radio Station. Ground Wave Communication MF Communication (Ground wave) between Sea Ship and Coastal Radio Station have assumption that the ship is not on moving for avoid Doppler affect in calculated. Using distance between them is 200 km with operation frequency 500 khz, AM-SSB modulation, receiver bandwidth 3 khz, transmitter power is 250 Watt, cable loss is 3 db/100m, and Noise Figure 20. Signal to Noise Ratio resulted from calculating is 95 db which the result is above average information quality 45 db. Attenuation between ship and station is 17,3529 db with assumption of characteristic ground is sea all (σ = 5 mho/m) so there is no island or massive land between them. Picture 3. Ground Wave Attenuation with frequency 500 khz, sea water HF Communication Frequency using at 12,520 MHz, at WITA with using HF simulation from ITS at a RF Research Institue in America. MUF maximum happening at noon begin at WITA until WITA after that MUF is beginning decreasing and reach the peak at WITA, there is a relationship between electron ionization at atmosphere and this phenomenon which is influence by Sunlight, see picture 4. Signal strength at WITA is 60 db and at WITA is 58 db. Picture 4. MUF (Maximum Usable Frequency) in one day cycle. Radio link 400 MHz. Radio link use 8 element Yagi Antenna from Receiver Station and Transmit Station therefore they can communicate one each other. Distance between them is 4 km, and Gain Antenna choices (from calculated) is 10,366 db. So Signal to Noise Ratio is 48,56 db without Earth bugle, other thing which is discover from this research is the Radio link is not Free Fresnel Zone-1 with antenna height (for both station) is 22 m. Free space attenuation for 4 km distance with 400 MHz can been seen below. 2

3 Picture 5. Free Space Loss from Radio link Coastal Radio Station. Diagram above, picture 7, and picture 8 using Matlab v6.0 which the source code is bundle with the paper. Automatic Identification System AIS is a new system of surveillance system which is use on Coastal Radio Station. Where if is integrated with other AIS system and Camera than this system is naming as VTS or Vessel Traffic System. At Makassar Port, this system is installing in Coastal Radio Transmitting Station, I try to test how far this system can reach maximum coverage which is according to Radar from IALA standardization. At 95 km coverage, resulting margin is 4,287 db which margin minimum at a good communication system is 8 db, and for get that value I must decreasing the coverage to 63 km. So even the Radar is have a maximum coverage (95 km) but AIS system is cannot operate at that distance. Beside that AIS is working at VHF (156,025 MHZ and 162,025 MHz) which maximum coverage is 74 km. Picture 6. Coastal Surveillance by AIS. Radar Radar equipment on traffic systems is S band and X band with 3050 MHz and 9415 MHz frequency. Radar distance equation not including losses because tools analysis limited and high cost, but with including the other value like probability detection 0,8, false alarm 15 minutes, weight model ship is 2000 tons, cross section S band is 8, , and cross section X band is 14, then it can estimate maximum Range of the Radar without losses. Maximum range Radar AIS (Automatic Identification Systems) for S band is 65,3 km and for X band is 93,2 km. Next picture is radiation pattern of AIS Radar. 3

4 Systems fulfill the condition of good Communication Systems. This paper is Summary of Author Thesis with the same title for get Engineering degree. Question and Suggest can send to my E- mail at : Radiodetektor@yahoo.co.id. Picture 7. Radiation pattern 3D from S and X band Radar. Picture 8. Radiation pattern 2D from S and X band Radar. Summary That is general picture of Ship Traffic Systems on Makassar Port. Not all from this systems is calculated and proved because some stuff, but this can give a part of proved that Communication Reference Andani A, Wawasan IPTEKS, UNHAS. Capt. Hadi Supriyono, Sistem Komunikasi Marabahaya dan Keselamatan Maritim Global, Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran (PIP), Makassar,2004 Charan Langton, Intuitive Guide to Principles of Communications, Internet. Dewiani, Radar dan Navigasi, UNHAS Duane Hanselman dkk, Mastering Matlab 6, Pearson Education International Herbert.L Krauss dkk, Teknik Radio Benda Padat (Indonesian Version), UI-Press, 1990 IALA, IALA Recomendation A- 124, IALA, 2003 James S. Stramel, Cara menulis Makalah Filsafat, Pustaka Pelajar,2002. Laurie Tetley dkk, Electronic Navigation Systems, Butterworth- Heinemann, Oxford, 2001 Instruction Manual for DSC/NBDP model NCA-784B, Japan Radio Co.ltd. 4

5 Instruction Manual for 1 kw MF Transceiver model JRS-108P, Japan Radio Co.ltd. Instruction Manual for 1 kw HF Transmitter SSB model JRS-106 NB, Japan Radio Co.ltd. MaxCom.Inc, Application Note GMSK Rajeswari Chaterjee, Antenna Theory and Practice, Wiley Eastern Limited, Sophocles.J.Orfanidis, Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas, Rutgers University. Sebastian Buettrich, Radio Link Calculation. Subaer Kanata, Diktat Perencanaan Jaringan Teresterial, UNHAS. Theodore Rappaport, Wireless Communication 2nd E, Internet. Vishal Bhavsar dkk, Measurment of Antenna Radiation Pattern, UC Riverside,2000 5