Topic 5: Radio wave propagation and safety issues
|
|
- Shawn Gray
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 6. Short-distance link design, Fresnel ellipsoide. Topic 5: Radio wave propagation and safety issues A km Short-distance link system, link see design, figures Fresnel 1) and 3) ellipsoide. below, operates at 6 GHz. Problem 5.1: Fresnel zones and obstruction losses a. A Figure 10-km 2) link shows system, the see relative figures electric 1) and field 3) below, strength operates E B (in at comparison 6 GHz. to the field strength when r = ) as a a. function Figure 2) of shows r calculated the relative using numerical electric field integration. strength EExplain B (in comparison the curve to and the its field shape. strength when r = ) as a b. Based function the of r curve calculated for the using relative numerical E B in figure integration. 2) estimate Explain roughly the curve the needed and its shape. radius r for the space that b. should Based be on preserved the curve for empty the relative so that Ethe B in radio figure wave 2) estimate propagates roughly without the needed any extra radius loss r for caused the space by the that should be preserved empty so that the radio wave propagates without any extra loss caused by the c. Estimate the same radius as in b. based on the first Fresnel ellipsoid (figure 3)) i.e., calculate h F. A 10-km link system, see Figures 1(a) and 1(c) below, operates at 6 GHz. a) Figure obstacles. 1(b) shows the relative electric field strength at the RX E B when there is an infinitesimally obstacles. large absorbing screen deployed in the middle of the link. The absorbing screen has a hole of Compare radiusand r, where discuss theh F and center the value of ther chosen circle coincides b. with the line between the TX and RX. The value Compare E B is and normalized discuss h F and with the respect value r chosen to that in of b. r =, i.e., when hole radius is infinitesimallywithout large meaning any extra loss? that Neglect the screen the ground does not reflection exist. and Explain the radius whyof the curve Earth. has very low values at small without r andany then extra converges loss? Neglect to 0the dbground with reflection small fluctuation and the radius as rof increases. the Earth. c. Estimate the same radius as in b. based on the first Fresnel ellipsoid (figure 3)) i.e., calculate h F. d. Based on b. and c. what should be the height h of the antenna towers when the radio wave propagates d. Based on b. and c. what should be the height h of the antenna towers when the radio wave propagates Circular hole Absorbing screen TX r RX 5 km 5 km (a) (b) (c) Figure 1: (a) 10 km link, (b) Relative field strength at the RX and (c) First Fresnel ellipsoid. b) Based on the curve for the relative E B in Figure 1(c) estimate roughly the needed radius r for the space that should be kept free of obstacles so that the radio wave propagates without any extra loss caused by the obstacles. c) Estimate the same radius as in b) based on the first Fresnel ellipsoid. Refer to Figure 1(c), i.e., calculate h F. Compare and discuss h F and the value r chosen in b). d) Based on b) and c), what should be the height h of the antenna towers when the radio wave propagates without any extra loss? Neglect the ground reflection and the radius of the Earth.
2 Topic 5: Radio wave propagation and safety issues Problem 5.2: Atmospheric attenuation The purpose of this exercise is to familiarize students with effects of atmospheric losses in radio link budget. a) Using the Friis free space transmission equation and the parameters given below, estimate the free space path loss of the signal. Note that there is a clear line-of-sight between the two antennas and they are perfectly aligned; we do not consider losses due to matching, cables of the transceivers and polarization. Table 1: Link properties. Parameters Gain of transmit antenna, G t Gain of receive antenna, G r Power fed to the transmit antenna, P t Radio frequency, f Transmit-receive distance, d Values 2 dbi 19 dbi 17 dbm 60 GHz 200 m b) The diagram in Fig. 2 indicates the excess atmospheric loss with respect to radio frequency in db/km. Estimate the atmospheric loss of the link mentioned in part a). Interpret the results keeping in mind the applications of 60 GHz frequency band for 5G cellular network. Figure 2: Attenuation in clear atmosphere verses frequency. Curve A at the sea level (T = 20 C, water vapor density 7.5 g/m 3 ). Curve B: at altitude of 4 km (T = 0 C, water vapor density 1 g/m 3 ). c) An empirical formula of radio wave attenuation due to rain is A = ar b db/km, (2.1)
3 where R is the rain rate in millimeters per hour and a and b are constants that depend on frequency and temperature of the rain. Parameters a and b can be computed using the below formulae: a = G a f Ea (f in GHz), (2.2) where G a = , G a = , G a = , G a = 3.38, E a = 2.03 (f < 2.9 GHz), E a = 2.42 (2.9 f < 54 GHz), E a = (54 f < 180 GHz), E a = (180 GHz f), and where b = G b f E b (f in GHz), (2.3) G b = 0.851, G b = 1.41, G b = 2.63, G b = 0.616, E b = (f < 8.5 GHz), E b = (8.5 f < 25 GHz), E b = (25 f < 164 GHz), E b = (164 GHz f). Use Eqs. (2.1), (2.2) and (2.3) to calculate the attenuation in decibels per kilometer for signals with i) f = 20 GHz, ii) f = 60 GHz and iii) f = 2 GHz at moderate rain of 6 mm/h. What is the attenuation at a heavy rate of 20 mm/h? Make a table of calculated values and discuss the rain effects in current cellular radio systems operation and future fifth-generation network which may operate at millimeter waves.
4 Topic 5: Radio wave propagation and safety issues Problem 5.3: Two-path model of ground reflection Radio transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) are deployed on a flat smooth ground as illustrated in Figure 3. The TX and RX are equipped with idealistic omni-directional lossless antennas with heights of h 1 = 300 and h 2 = 10 m operating at f = 500 MHz. The TX feeds a unit power to the antenna, which emits a parallel-polarized wave to the ground. The RX antenna receives the same polarization. Figure 3: Radio propagation involving direct wave and reflection from the ground; h 1 = 300 m, h 2 = 10 m and f = 500 MHz. a) Given the separation distance between the TX and RX d, derive a formula of complex voltage at the RX antenna port, E. Raisanen, Antti, and Lehto, Arto. Radio Engineering for Wireless Communication and Sensor Applications. Norwood, MA, USA: Artech House, ProQuest ebrary. Web. 23 December Copyright Artech House. All rights reserved. Hint: the Friis formula we covered in Problem 4.4 provides the complex voltage at the RX antenna port for a unit TX power as E = λ 4πd e jβd, (3.1) when the separation distance between the TX and RX antennas is d and there is no reflection from the surrounding environment; λ is wavelength of a radio wave and β is a wavenumber. b) Reproduce Figure 4, which corresponds to Figure 10.11(a) of Räisänen and Lehto, using the formula obtained in a). In the figure E 0 denotes a magnitude of the voltage at the RX antenna for the direct wave propagating from the TX to RX. c) The magnitude of the voltage at the RX antenna, E/E 0, in Figure 4 sees maxima and minima in an alternating manner as d grows. Write down the conditions leading to these minima and maxima.
5 d) According to Figure 4, E/E 0 seems to have the last maximum at d = 20 km as d increases. Discuss how E/E 0 behaves beyond this distance. Is there any way to estimate the distance according to the concept of Fresnel zone? Figure 4: Voltage at the RX antenna port for varying TX-RX separation distance; h 1 = 300 m, h 2 = 10 m and f = 500 MHz. Raisanen, Antti, and Lehto, Arto. Radio Engineering for Wireless Communication and Sensor Applications. Norwood, MA, USA: Artech House, ProQuest ebrary. Web. 23 December Copyright Artech House. All rights reserved.
6 Topic 5: Radio wave propagation and safety issues Problem 5.4: Radiation safety [Note: this is a bonus problem and is not eligible as a problem of minimum return.] Let us assume that you live in a suburb area. A local mobile operator is planning to build a new base station in the area. A person, who is very concerned about the health risks of the radio waves transmitted by the base station, collects names to a petition in order to prevent the building of the base station. Write a short (e.g., half A4) opinion to a local newspaper in order to clarify the health effects of the radio waves. Write understandable way! Choose your perspective freely, but your opinion is based on scientific research results. Pay attention to the legibility of your text and use good linguistic form. You can, for instance, use the article Radiowaves and our environment.
Link Budget Calculation
Link Budget Calculation Training materials for wireless trainers This 60 minute talk is about estimating wireless link performance by using link budget calculations. It also introduces the Radio Mobile
More informationRadio Propagation Fundamentals
Radio Propagation Fundamentals Concept of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Mechanisms Modes of Propagation Propagation Models Path Profiles Link Budget Fading Channels Electromagnetic (EM) Waves EM Wave
More informationFinal Examination. 22 April 2013, 9:30 12:00. Examiner: Prof. Sean V. Hum. All non-programmable electronic calculators are allowed.
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ECE 422H1S RADIO AND MICROWAVE WIRELESS SYSTEMS Final Examination
More informationRec. ITU-R P RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P PROPAGATION BY DIFFRACTION. (Question ITU-R 202/3)
Rec. ITU-R P.- 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P.- PROPAGATION BY DIFFRACTION (Question ITU-R 0/) Rec. ITU-R P.- (1-1-1-1-1-1-1) The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that there is a need to provide
More informationColubris Networks. Antenna Guide
Colubris Networks Antenna Guide Creation Date: February 10, 2006 Revision: 1.0 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION... 3 2. ANTENNA TYPES... 3 2.1. OMNI-DIRECTIONAL ANTENNA... 3 2.2. DIRECTIONAL ANTENNA...
More informationIntro to Radio Propagation,Antennas and Link Budget
Intro to Radio Propagation,Antennas and Link Budget Training materials for wireless trainers Marco Zennaro and Ermanno Pietrosemoli T/ICT4D Laboratory ICTP Behavior of radio waves There are a few simple
More informationPoint to point Radiocommunication
Point to point Radiocommunication SMS4DC training seminar 7 November 1 December 006 1 Technical overview Content SMS4DC Software link calculation Exercise 1 Point-to-point Radiocommunication Link A Radio
More informationChapter 4. Propagation effects. Slides for Wireless Communications Edfors, Molisch, Tufvesson
Chapter 4 Propagation effects Why channel modelling? The performance of a radio system is ultimately determined by the radio channel The channel models basis for system design algorithm design antenna
More informationEEG 816: Radiowave Propagation 2009
Student Matriculation No: Name: EEG 816: Radiowave Propagation 2009 Dr A Ogunsola This exam consists of 5 problems. The total number of pages is 5, including the cover page. You have 2.5 hours to solve
More informationTechnical Note: Path Align-R Wireless Supporting Information
Technical Note: Path Align-R Wireless Supporting Information Free-space Loss The Friis free-space propagation equation is commonly used to determine the attenuation of a signal due to spreading of the
More informationRVRUSA - DATA DE REFERENCIA PARA INGENIEROS
Useful formulae Electrical formulae Electrical power in KW: DC power [KW]: YROW DPSHUH YROW DPSHUH AC power (single phase) [KW]: AC power (three-phase) [KW]: where: cos( j ) YROW DPSHUH 73. cos( j) Volt:
More informationTerrain Reflection and Diffraction, Part One
Terrain Reflection and Diffraction, Part One 1 UHF and VHF paths near the ground 2 Propagation over a plane Earth 3 Fresnel zones Levis, Johnson, Teixeira (ESL/OSU) Radiowave Propagation August 17, 2018
More informationModule contents. Antenna systems. RF propagation. RF prop. 1
Module contents Antenna systems RF propagation RF prop. 1 Basic antenna operation Dipole Antennas are specific to Frequency based on dimensions of elements 1/4 λ Dipole (Wire 1/4 of a Wavelength) creates
More informationChapter 4 The RF Link
Chapter 4 The RF Link The fundamental elements of the communications satellite Radio Frequency (RF) or free space link are introduced. Basic transmission parameters, such as Antenna gain, Beamwidth, Free-space
More informationAntennas: Problems and exercises: Answers
adio echnology Metropolia/A. Koivumäki Antennas: Problems and exercises: Answers 1. he maximum transmit power of a.4 GHz WLAN base station is 13 dbm and the gain of the transmit antenna is 3.5 dbi. Find
More informationPropagation mechanisms
RADIO SYSTEMS ETIN15 Lecture no: 2 Propagation mechanisms Ove Edfors, Department of Electrical and Information Technology Ove.Edfors@eit.lth.se Contents Short on db calculations Basics about antennas Propagation
More informationh max 20 TX Ionosphere d 1649 km Radio and Optical Wave Propagation Prof. L. Luini, July 1 st, 2016 SURNAME AND NAME ID NUMBER SIGNATURE
Radio and Optical Wave Propagation Prof. L. Luini, July st, 06 3 4 do not write above SURNAME AND NAME ID NUMBER SIGNATURE Exercise Making reference to the figure below, the transmitter TX, working at
More informationBasic Radio Physics. Developed by Sebastian Buettrich. ItrainOnline MMTK 1
Basic Radio Physics Developed by Sebastian Buettrich 1 Goals Understand radiation/waves used in wireless networking. Understand some basic principles of their behaviour. Apply this understanding to real
More informationStudy of Factors which affect the Calculation of Co- Channel Interference in a Radio Link
International Journal of Electronic and Electrical Engineering. ISSN 0974-2174 Volume 8, Number 2 (2015), pp. 103-111 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com Study of Factors which
More informationChapter 1 Introduction
Wireless Information Transmission System Lab. Chapter 1 Introduction National Sun Yat-sen University Table of Contents Elements of a Digital Communication System Communication Channels and Their Wire-line
More informationEmpirical Path Loss Models
Empirical Path Loss Models 1 Free space and direct plus reflected path loss 2 Hata model 3 Lee model 4 Other models 5 Examples Levis, Johnson, Teixeira (ESL/OSU) Radiowave Propagation August 17, 2018 1
More informationPropagation Mechanism
Propagation Mechanism ELE 492 FUNDAMENTALS OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 1 Propagation Mechanism Simplest propagation channel is the free space: Tx free space Rx In a more realistic scenario, there may be
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF SOFTWARE FOR THE BASIC LINE-OF-SIGHT PARAMETERS CALCULATION
DEVELOPMENT OF SOFTWARE FOR THE BASIC LINE-OF-SIGHT PARAMETERS CALCULATION,, {abidur@nstu.edu.bd, zmozumder@du.ac.bd} Abstract: In this paper we have developed a software by which the general parameter
More informationAnnex 5. Determination of the interference field strength in the Land Mobile Service
Annex 5 Determination of the interference field strength in the Land Mobile Service Annex 5, page 2 of 18 1 General 1.1 This calculation method is based on Recommendation ITU-R P.1546, taking into account
More informationRange Considerations for RF Networks
TI Technology Days 2010 Range Considerations for RF Networks Richard Wallace Abstract The antenna can be one of the most daunting components of wireless designs. Most information available relates to large
More informationNotion of propagation of radio waves
1 Notion of propagation of radio waves December 2016 2 I. Summary I. The Free-Space Path Loss (FSPL)... 7 II. The Fresnel zone... 8 III. Earth roundess... 9 IV. Fading/Reflection... 10 V. Case and results...
More informationCS-435 spring semester Network Technology & Programming Laboratory. Stefanos Papadakis & Manolis Spanakis
CS-435 spring semester 2016 Network Technology & Programming Laboratory University of Crete Computer Science Department Stefanos Papadakis & Manolis Spanakis CS-435 Lecture preview Wireless Networking
More informationIntroduction to wireless systems
Introduction to wireless systems Wireless Systems a.a. 2014/2015 Un. of Rome La Sapienza Chiara Petrioli Department of Computer Science University of Rome Sapienza Italy Background- Wireless Systems What
More informationThe MYTHOLOGIES OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION. Tapan K Sarkar
The MYTHOLOGIES OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION Tapan K Sarkar What is an Antenna? A device whose primary purpose is to radiate or receive electromagnetic energy What is Radiation? Far Field (Fraunhofer region>2l
More informationÜbungen zu Drahtlose Kommunikation
Übungen zu Drahtlose Kommunikation Wintersemester 2016/2017 Prof. Hannes Frey / Dr. Jovan Radak Assignment 1 voluntary submission until Wednesday 2016-11-23 as PDF via mail to vnuml@uni-koblenz.de Name
More informationAntenna Basics. Antennas. A guide to effective antenna use
A guide to effective antenna use Antennas Antennas transmit radio signals by converting radio frequency electrical currents into electromagnetic waves. Antennas receive the signals by converting the electromagnetic
More informationThe better WLAN Radio Network by an optimal Antenna System
The better WLAN Radio Network by an optimal Antenna System BU Antennas ASY H&S Antennen mme / Pfad...ppt 1 www.hubersuhner.com www.hubersuhner.com The better radio network by optimal antennas What is an
More informationProject = An Adventure : Wireless Networks. Lecture 4: More Physical Layer. What is an Antenna? Outline. Page 1
Project = An Adventure 18-759: Wireless Networks Checkpoint 2 Checkpoint 1 Lecture 4: More Physical Layer You are here Done! Peter Steenkiste Departments of Computer Science and Electrical and Computer
More informationMm- Wave Propaga-on: Fundamentals and Models
Mm- Wave Propaga-on: Fundamentals and Models Hajime Suzuki 7 April 2014 CSIRO Computa-onal Informa-cs CSIRO Radio Physics Laboratory Advanced Wireless Broadband Communica:ons in Rural Areas Page 2 Coded
More informationThe Radio Channel. COS 463: Wireless Networks Lecture 14 Kyle Jamieson. [Parts adapted from I. Darwazeh, A. Goldsmith, T. Rappaport, P.
The Radio Channel COS 463: Wireless Networks Lecture 14 Kyle Jamieson [Parts adapted from I. Darwazeh, A. Goldsmith, T. Rappaport, P. Steenkiste] Motivation The radio channel is what limits most radio
More informationAtmospheric Effects. Attenuation by Atmospheric Gases. Atmospheric Effects Page 1
Atmospheric Effects Page 1 Atmospheric Effects Attenuation by Atmospheric Gases Uncondensed water vapour and oxygen can be strongly absorptive of radio signals, especially at millimetre-wave frequencies
More informationSimulation of Outdoor Radio Channel
Simulation of Outdoor Radio Channel Peter Brída, Ján Dúha Department of Telecommunication, University of Žilina Univerzitná 815/1, 010 6 Žilina Email: brida@fel.utc.sk, duha@fel.utc.sk Abstract Wireless
More informationApplication Note No. 7 Radio Link Calculations (Link_Calc.xls)
TIL-TEK Application Note No. 7 Radio Link Calculations (Link_Calc.xls) The following application note describes the application and utilization of the Link_Calc.xls worksheet. Link_Calc.xls is an interactive
More informationLMS4000 & NCL MHz Radio Propagation
LMS4000 & NCL1900 900-MHz Radio Propagation This application note is an update to the previous LMS3000/LMS3100 900 MHz Radio Propagation note. It provides general guidelines to estimate CCU3000 & NCL1900
More informationSw earth Dw Direct wave GRw Ground reflected wave Sw Surface wave
WAVE PROPAGATION By Marcel H. De Canck, ON5AU Electromagnetic radio waves can propagate in three different ways between the transmitter and the receiver. 1- Ground waves 2- Troposphere waves 3- Sky waves
More informationSemi-Automated Microwave Radio Link Planning Tool
Semi-Automated Microwave Radio Link Planning Tool W.M.D.R. Gunathilaka, H.G.C.P. Dinesh, K.M.M.W.N.B. Narampanawe Abstract Link Budget is a main estimate in telecommunication microwave link planning for
More informationAntennas and Propagation. Chapter 6a: Propagation Definitions, Path-based Modeling
Antennas and Propagation a: Propagation Definitions, Path-based Modeling Introduction Propagation How signals from antennas interact with environment Goal: model channel connecting TX and RX Antennas and
More informationE-BAND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW
OVERVIEW EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The 71-76 and 81-86 GHz bands (widely known as e-band ) are permitted worldwide for ultra-high capacity point-to-point communications. E-band wireless systems are available that
More informationAdapted from Dr. Joe Montana (George mason University) Dr. James
ink Budget Adapted from Dr. Joe Montana (George mason University) Dr. James W. apean course notes Dr. Jeremy Allnutt course notes And some internet resources + Tim Pratt book 1 ink Power Budget Tx EIRP
More informationProject: IEEE P Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Title: Link Budget Analysis for Terahertz Fixed Wireless Links Date Submitted: 14 November, 2012 Source: Michael Grigat,
More informationEEM.Ant. Antennas and Propagation
EEM.ant/0304/08pg/Req: None 1/8 UNIVERSITY OF SURREY Department of Electronic Engineering MSc EXAMINATION EEM.Ant Antennas and Propagation Duration: 2 Hours Spring 2003/04 READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS Answer
More informationNoise and Propagation mechanisms
2 Noise and Propagation mechanisms Noise Johnson-Nyquist noise Physical review 1928 V rms2 = 4kTBR k : Bolzmann s constant T : absolute temperature B : bandwidth R : Resistance P=4kTB 1 1 Why is this a
More informationEC ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION
EC6602 - ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION FUNDAMENTALS PART-B QUESTION BANK UNIT 1 1. Define the following parameters w.r.t antenna: i. Radiation resistance. ii. Beam area. iii. Radiation intensity. iv. Directivity.
More informationUsing the epmp Link Budget Tool
Using the epmp Link Budget Tool The epmp Series Link Budget Tool can offer a help to determine the expected performances in terms of distances of a epmp Series system operating in line-of-sight (LOS) propagation
More informationBasic Propagation Theory
S-7.333 POSTGRADUATE COURSE IN RADIO COMMUNICATIONS, AUTUMN 4 1 Basic Propagation Theory Fabio Belloni S-88 Signal Processing Laboratory, HUT fbelloni@hut.fi Abstract In this paper we provide an introduction
More informationUnguided Media and Matched Filter After this lecture, you will be able to Example?
Unguided Media and Matched Filter After this lecture, you will be able to describe the physical and transmission characteristics of various unguided media Example? B.1 Unguided media Guided to unguided
More information5.9 GHz V2X Modem Performance Challenges with Vehicle Integration
5.9 GHz V2X Modem Performance Challenges with Vehicle Integration October 15th, 2014 Background V2V DSRC Why do the research? Based on 802.11p MAC PHY ad-hoc network topology at 5.9 GHz. Effective Isotropic
More informationChannel Modeling and Characteristics
Channel Modeling and Characteristics Dr. Farid Farahmand Updated:10/15/13, 10/20/14 Line-of-Sight Transmission (LOS) Impairments The received signal is different from the transmitted signal due to transmission
More informationThis Antenna Basics reference guide includes basic information about antenna types, how antennas work, gain, and some installation examples.
Antenna Basics This Antenna Basics reference guide includes basic information about antenna types, how antennas work, gain, and some installation examples. What Do Antennas Do? Antennas transmit radio
More informationChannel Modelling ETIM10. Propagation mechanisms
Channel Modelling ETIM10 Lecture no: 2 Propagation mechanisms Ghassan Dahman \ Fredrik Tufvesson Department of Electrical and Information Technology Lund University, Sweden 2012-01-20 Fredrik Tufvesson
More informationData and Computer Communications Chapter 4 Transmission Media
Data and Computer Communications Chapter 4 Transmission Media Ninth Edition by William Stallings Data and Computer Communications, Ninth Edition by William Stallings, (c) Pearson Education - Prentice Hall,
More informationWorld Journal of Engineering Research and Technology WJERT
wjert, 2017, Vol. 3, Issue 3, 12-26. Original Article ISSN 2454-695X Jaja et al. WJERT www.wjert.org SJIF Impact Factor: 4.326 APPLICATION OF HYBRID DIVERSITY TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVEMENT OF MICROWAVE RADIO
More informationpeculiarities of radio devices
Rudi van Drunen peculiarities of radio devices Rudi van Drunen is a senior UNIX systems consultant with Competa IT B.V. in The Netherlands. He also has his own consulting company, Xlexit Technology, doing
More informationBasic radio physics. Sebastian Büttrich, NSRC/ITU/wire.less.dk edit: June
Basic radio physics Sebastian Büttrich, NSRC/ITU/wire.less.dk edit: June 2011 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Electromagnetic Fields Electromagnetic forces act between electric charges
More informationPlanning a Microwave Radio Link
8000 Lee Highway Falls Church, VA 22042 703-205-0600 www.ydi.com Planning a Microwave Radio Link By Michael F. Young President and CTO YDI Wireless Background Most installers know that clear line of sight
More informationChapter 3 Solution to Problems
Chapter 3 Solution to Problems 1. The telemetry system of a geostationary communications satellite samples 100 sensors on the spacecraft in sequence. Each sample is transmitted to earth as an eight-bit
More informationAntennas and Propagation. Chapter 5
Antennas and Propagation Chapter 5 Introduction An antenna is an electrical conductor or system of conductors Transmission - radiates electromagnetic energy into space Reception - collects electromagnetic
More informationRECOMMENDATION ITU-R P ATTENUATION IN VEGETATION. (Question ITU-R 202/3)
Rec. ITU-R P.833-2 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P.833-2 ATTENUATION IN VEGETATION (Question ITU-R 2/3) Rec. ITU-R P.833-2 (1992-1994-1999) The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly considering a) that attenuation
More information1 Propagation in free space and the aperture antenna
1 Propagation in free space and the aperture antenna This chapter introduces the basic concepts of radio signals travelling from one antenna to another. The aperture antenna is used initially to illustrate
More informationExperimental Evaluation Scheme of UWB Antenna Performance
Tokyo Tech. Experimental Evaluation Scheme of UWB Antenna Performance Sathaporn PROMWONG Wataru HACHITANI Jun-ichi TAKADA TAKADA-Laboratory Mobile Communication Research Group Graduate School of Science
More informationAntennas and Propagation. Chapter 5
Antennas and Propagation Chapter 5 Introduction An antenna is an electrical conductor or system of conductors Transmission - radiates electromagnetic energy into space Reception - collects electromagnetic
More informationAntenna & Propagation. Basic Radio Wave Propagation
For updated version, please click on http://ocw.ump.edu.my Antenna & Propagation Basic Radio Wave Propagation by Nor Hadzfizah Binti Mohd Radi Faculty of Electric & Electronics Engineering hadzfizah@ump.edu.my
More informationSATELLITE LINK DESIGN
1 SATELLITE LINK DESIGN Networks and Communication Department Dr. Marwah Ahmed Outlines 2 Introduction Basic Transmission Theory System Noise Temperature and G/T Ratio Design of Downlinks Satellite Communication
More informationELEC 425 Interference Control in Electronics Lecture 7(a) Introduction to Antennas: Terminology
Dr. Gregory J. Mazzaro Fall 017 ELEC 45 Interference Control in Electronics Lecture 7(a) Introduction to Antennas: Terminology Chapter 9 THE CITADEL, THE MILITARY COLLEGE OF SOUTH CAROLINA 171 Moultrie
More informationECC Recommendation (16)04
ECC Recommendation (16)04 Determination of the radiated power from FM sound broadcasting stations through field strength measurements in the frequency band 87.5 to 108 MHz Approved 17 October 2016 Edition
More informationSession2 Antennas and Propagation
Wireless Communication Presented by Dr. Mahmoud Daneshvar Session2 Antennas and Propagation 1. Introduction Types of Anttenas Free space Propagation 2. Propagation modes 3. Transmission Problems 4. Fading
More informationMobile Radio Wave propagation channel- Path loss Models
Mobile Radio Wave propagation channel- Path loss Models 3.1 Introduction The wireless Communication is one of the integral parts of society which has been a focal point for sharing information with different
More information1. What are the applications of loop antenna? (May2011) 2. Define Pattern Multiplication (May2011)
UNIT-II WIRE ANTENNAS AND ANTENNA ARRAYS 1. What are the applications of loop antenna? (May2011) 2. Define Pattern Multiplication (May2011) 3. A uniform linear array contains 50 isotropic radiation with
More informationAN985: BLE112, BLE113 AND BLE121LR RANGE ANALYSIS
AN985: BLE112, BLE113 AND BLE121LR RANGE ANALYSIS APPLICATION NOTE Thursday, 15 May 2014 Version 1.1 VERSION HISTORY Version Comment 1.0 Release 1.1 BLE121LR updated, BLE112 carrier measurement added Silicon
More informationPART 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P.1144 GUIDE TO THE APPLICATION OF THE PROPAGATION METHODS OF RADIOCOMMUNICATION STUDY GROUP 3
Rec. ITU-R P.1144 1 PART 1 SECTION P-A: TEXTS OF GENERAL INTEREST Rec. ITU-R P.1144 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P.1144 GUIDE TO THE APPLICATION OF THE PROPAGATION METHODS OF RADIOCOMMUNICATION STUDY GROUP 3 (1995)
More informationAntennas & Propagation. CSG 250 Fall 2007 Rajmohan Rajaraman
Antennas & Propagation CSG 250 Fall 2007 Rajmohan Rajaraman Introduction An antenna is an electrical conductor or system of conductors o Transmission - radiates electromagnetic energy into space o Reception
More informationRevision of Lecture One
Revision of Lecture One System blocks and basic concepts Multiple access, MIMO, space-time Transceiver Wireless Channel Signal/System: Bandpass (Passband) Baseband Baseband complex envelope Linear system:
More informationAntenna Glossary. BEAMWIDTH The angle of signal coverage provided by an antenna. Beamwidth usually decreases as antenna gain increases.
ADAPTIVE (SMART) ANTENNA An antenna system having circuit elements associated with its radiating elements such that one or more of the antenna properties are controlled by the received signal. ANTENNA
More informationWireless System Characteristics
Wireless System Characteristics Antennas designed by Mobile Mark are used by commercial wireless system integrators in countless applications and settings. Experience in this area has given our company
More informationAntennas and Propagation
Antennas and Propagation Chapter 5 Introduction An antenna is an electrical conductor or system of conductors Transmission - radiates electromagnetic energy into space Reception - collects electromagnetic
More informationUNIT Derive the fundamental equation for free space propagation?
UNIT 8 1. Derive the fundamental equation for free space propagation? Fundamental Equation for Free Space Propagation Consider the transmitter power (P t ) radiated uniformly in all the directions (isotropic),
More informationRevision of Lecture One
Revision of Lecture One System block Transceiver Wireless Channel Signal / System: Bandpass (Passband) Baseband Baseband complex envelope Linear system: complex (baseband) channel impulse response Channel:
More informationWhite paper. Long range metering systems : VHF or UHF?
ALCIOM 5, Parvis Robert Schuman 92370 CHAVILLE - FRANCE Tel/Fax : 01 47 09 30 51 contact@alciom.com www.alciom.com Project : White paper DOCUMENT : Long range metering systems : VHF or UHF? REFERENCE :
More informationChapter 4 Radio Communication Basics
Chapter 4 Radio Communication Basics Chapter 4 Radio Communication Basics RF Signal Propagation and Reception Basics and Keywords Transmitter Power and Receiver Sensitivity Power - antenna gain: G TX,
More informationUnguided Transmission Media
CS311 Data Communication Unguided Transmission Media by Dr. Manas Khatua Assistant Professor Dept. of CSE IIT Jodhpur E-mail: manaskhatua@iitj.ac.in Web: http://home.iitj.ac.in/~manaskhatua http://manaskhatua.github.io/
More informationA Terrestrial Multiple-Receiver Radio Link Experiment at 10.7 GHz - Comparisons of Results with Parabolic Equation Calculations
RADIOENGINEERING, VOL. 19, NO. 1, APRIL 2010 117 A Terrestrial Multiple-Receiver Radio Link Experiment at 10.7 GHz - Comparisons of Results with Parabolic Equation Calculations Pavel VALTR 1, Pavel PECHAC
More information6 Radio and RF. 6.1 Introduction. Wavelength (m) Frequency (Hz) Unit 6: RF and Antennas 1. Radio waves. X-rays. Microwaves. Light
6 Radio and RF Ref: http://www.asecuritysite.com/wireless/wireless06 6.1 Introduction The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum contains a wide range of electromagnetic waves, from radio waves up to X-rays (as
More informationContents. ITS323: Introduction to Data Communications CSS331: Fundamentals of Data Communications. Transmission Media and Spectrum.
2 ITS323: Introduction to Data Communications CSS331: Fundamentals of Data Communications Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology Thammasat University Prepared by Steven Gordon on 3 August 2015
More informationITS323: Introduction to Data Communications CSS331: Fundamentals of Data Communications
ITS323: Introduction to Data Communications CSS331: Fundamentals of Data Communications Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology Thammasat University Prepared by Steven Gordon on 3 August 2015
More informationWilliam Stallings Data and Computer Communications 7 th Edition. Chapter 4 Transmission Media
William Stallings Data and Computer Communications 7 th Edition Chapter 4 Transmission Media Overview Guided - wire Unguided - wireless Characteristics and quality determined by medium and signal For guided,
More informationAntennas and Propagation
Mobile Networks Module D-1 Antennas and Propagation 1. Introduction 2. Propagation modes 3. Line-of-sight transmission 4. Fading Slides adapted from Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second
More informationInformation on the Evaluation of VHF and UHF Terrestrial Cross-Border Frequency Coordination Requests
Issue 1 May 2013 Spectrum Management and Telecommunications Technical Bulletin Information on the Evaluation of VHF and UHF Terrestrial Cross-Border Frequency Coordination Requests Aussi disponible en
More informationFourth Year Antenna Lab
Fourth Year Antenna Lab Name : Student ID#: Contents 1 Wire Antennas 1 1.1 Objectives................................................. 1 1.2 Equipments................................................ 1
More informationPath-loss and Shadowing (Large-scale Fading) PROF. MICHAEL TSAI 2015/03/27
Path-loss and Shadowing (Large-scale Fading) PROF. MICHAEL TSAI 2015/03/27 Multipath 2 3 4 5 Friis Formula TX Antenna RX Antenna = 4 EIRP= Power spatial density 1 4 6 Antenna Aperture = 4 Antenna Aperture=Effective
More informationFundamentals of Antennas. Prof. Ely Levine
Fundamentals of Antennas Prof. Ely Levine levineel@zahav.net.il 1 Chapter 3 Wire Antennas 2 Types of Antennas 3 Isotropic Antenna Isotropic radiator is the simplest antenna mathematically Radiates all
More informationCHAPTER 6 THE WIRELESS CHANNEL
CHAPTER 6 THE WIRELESS CHANNEL These slides are made available to faculty in PowerPoint form. Slides can be freely added, modified, and deleted to suit student needs. They represent substantial work on
More informationQuestion 15.1: Which of the following frequencies will be suitable for beyond-the-horizon communication using sky waves? (a) 10 khz (b) 10 MHz (c) 1 GHz (d) 1000 GHz (b) : 10 MHz For beyond-the-horizon
More informationEMC Evaluation at Green Bank: Emissions and Shield Effectiveness
EMC Evaluation at Green Bank: Emissions and Shield Effectiveness National Radio Astronomy Observatory Carla Beaudet Green Bank RFI Group Leader Emissions Evaluation: Standards ITU-R RA.769 specifies (typical)
More informationRECOMMENDATION ITU-R F.1402*, **
Rec. ITU-R F.1402 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R F.1402*, ** FREQUENCY SHARING CRITERIA BETWEEN A LAND MOBILE WIRELESS ACCESS SYSTEM AND A FIXED WIRELESS ACCESS SYSTEM USING THE SAME EQUIPMENT TYPE AS THE MOBILE
More informationPolarization orientation of the electric field vector with respect to the earth s surface (ground).
Free space propagation of electromagnetic waves is often called radio-frequency (rf) propagation or simply radio propagation. The earth s atmosphere, as medium introduces losses and impairments to the
More information