Basic Radar Definitions Introduction p. 1 Basic relations p. 1 The radar equation p. 4 Transmitter power p. 9 Other forms of radar equation p.

Transcription

1 Basic Radar Definitions Basic relations p. 1 The radar equation p. 4 Transmitter power p. 9 Other forms of radar equation p. 11 Decibel representation of the radar equation p. 13 Radar frequencies p. 15 References p. 17 Problems p. 18 Transmitter Power, Antenna Coverage And Gain Transmitter types p. 1 Transmitted power p. 2 Pulse repetition frequency p. 7 The eclipsing problem p. 12 Antenna radiation coverage p. 14 Spatial antenna coverage p. 15 Antenna gain p. 19 Antenna polarization p. 26 Typical antenna patterns p. 26 Cosecant-squared antenna patters p. 28 Generation of antenna electric fields p. 29 References p. 30 Problems p. 32 Target Cross Section, Receiver Noise And System Losses Radar target cross section p. 1 Mathematical models p. 2 Experimental determination p. 4 Radar cross section of symmetrical objects p. 9 Target scintillation p. 11 Receiver noise p. 17 Receiver bandwidth p. 17 Noise bandwidth p. 20 Noise figure p. 22 Effective noise temperature p. 23 Beam shape loss p. 24 System losses p. 28 References p. 32 Problems p. 33

2 Radar Measurements Measurement of range p. 2 Doppler frequency shift p. 4 CW radars p. 6 Linear frequency modulation p. 8 Sinusoidal frequency modulation p. 11 Multiple-frequency CW radars p. 15 Pulse radars p. 17 Pulse doppler radars p. 18 Coherent pulse doppler radar p. 20 Frequency spectrum calculations p. 22 Comparison of high and low PRF radars p. 27 Bandwidth of received signal p. 28 Tracking radars p. 31 References p. 37 Problems p. 38 Probability of Detection and Signal-To-Noise Ratio Process of detection p. 1 Probability of detection p. 4 False alarm rate p. 10 Integration of target return signal p. 12 Calculation of the probability of detection p. 13 Eclipsing effects p. 15 Target scintillation p. 19 Cumulative probability of detection p. 28 Analysis of detection data p. 36 References p. 40 Problems p. 42 Reflection of Radar Waves, Mainlobe, and Sidelobe Clutter Propagation over flat earth p. 1 Round earth considerations p. 9 Refraction, diffraction, and attenuation of radar waves p. 16 Ground and sea clutter p. 22 Clutter calculations p. 24 Clutter summary p. 38 Detection of targets in weather p. 39 References p. 46 Problems p. 49

3 Synthetic Array Radars and Pulse Compression Techniques Synthetic array radars p. 1 General description p. 2 Slant range resolution p. 4 Resolution across the line of sight p. 6 Unfocused and focused resolution and optimum array length p. 10 Angular resolution and PRF selection p. 12 Average power requirements p. 17 Signal processing techniques p. 19 Image quality considerations p. 24 Pulse compression techniques p. 27 Convolution integral p. 30 Matched filter analysis p. 31 Frequency time relationships p. 34 Sidelobe reduction p. 37 Digital pulse compression techniques p. 38 Summary p. 41 References p. 43 Digital Processing of Radar Data Discrete Fourier transform p. 1 Matrix calculation of Fourier transform p. 6 Numerical example 1 p. 9 Numerical example 2 p. 11 Sidelobe reduction p. 13 Cooley-Tukey method p. 17 Comparison of analog and digital radar data processing p. 24 References p. 27 Track-While-Scan Concepts and Electronic Scan Track-while-scan concepts p. 1 Computer track-while-scan operation p. 2 Airborne inertial coordinate system p. 9 Planar array antennas and electronic scan p. 14 Array elements p. 15 Beam-scanning methods p. 17 Phase steering p. 20 Frequency steering p. 24 Typical example p. 26 References p. 30

4 Navigation Radars, Terrain-Following and Terrain-Avoidance Radars, Altimetry Radars, Weather Avoidance Radars Navigation radars p. 1 Doppler radar navigation systems p. 3 Doppler system description p. 4 Characteristics of doppler radar p. 6 Frequency and signal characteristics p. 7 Equipment configurations p. 7 Shipboard radar navigation p. 8 Terrain-avoidance and terrain-following radars p. 10 Terrain avoidance p. 11 Terrain following p. 15 Radar altimeters p. 15 FM-CW altimeters p. 18 Radar pulse altimeter p. 22 Altimeter tracking rate p. 24 Airborne weather avoidance radars p. 24 Meteorological effects p. 25 Radar range equation as applied to weather radars p. 26 Design variables in airborne weather radars p. 28 Block diagram p. 30 Characteristics of typical airborne radar systems p. 30 References p. 33 Radar Beacons, Instrumentation Radar Astronomy Radar beacons p. 1 Description of beacons p. 1 Beacon equation p. 3 System components p. 4 Traffic capacity p. 5 Use of beacons p. 6 Summary of beacon characteristics p. 6 Instrumentation radars p. 7 Principles of operation p. 8 Signal flow p. 13 Target-track criteria p. 15 Radar astronomy p. 15 Received signal power p. 16 System analysis and equipment p. 17 Antennas p. 18 Radar master oscilllator p. 22

5 Transmitters and receivers p. 22 Computer processing p. 25 References p. 26 Index Answers to Problems Table of Contents provided by Blackwell's Book Services and R.R. Bowker. Used with permission.