PicoSaTs. A. G r e g o r i o D e p a r t m e n t o f P h y s i c s. Spin-off University of Trieste - Incubation Area Science Park

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1 D o i n g S c i e n c e w i t h N a n o - s a t e l l i t e s PicoSaTs A. G r e g o r i o D e p a r t m e n t o f P h y s i c s Professor GIORGIO MANZONI * Spin-off University of Trieste - Incubation Area Science Park anna@picosats.eu In memory of prof. Giorgio Manzoni - February

2 Overview Nano-satellites Science with nano-satellites Earth observations Technology issue: telecommunication & PicoSaTs Conclusions In memory of prof. Giorgio Manzoni - February

3 CubeSats Nano-satellites Side cm Mass up to 12 kg almost 27 kg Agile satellites! toys? In memory of prof. Giorgio Manzoni - February

4 Nano-sats evolution Cubesats launched from 2003 to 2013 Number of satellites Nano/Microsatellite Launch History and Projection (1-50 kg) SpaceWorks Enterprises projections Projections based on announced and future plans of developers and programs indicate between 2,000 and 2,750 nano/microsatellites will require a launch from 2014 through Years Number of Satellites (1-50 kg) Full Market Potential SpaceWorks Projection Historical Launches Calendar Year The Full Market Potential dataset is a combination of publically announced launch intentions, market research, and qualitative/quantitative assessments to account for future activities and p The SpaceWorks Projection dataset reflects SpaceWorks expert value judgment on the likely market outcome. anna@picosats.eu In memory of prof. Giorgio Manzoni - February * Please see End Notes 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6.

5 Science with nano-sats Earth observation Spaceweather, meteorology, atmospheric and solar physics Lunar, interplanetary and asteroid missions Interferometry and constellation Space Debris Biology & Human Health GNSS In memory of prof. Giorgio Manzoni - February

6 Science with nano-sats Cubesats in LEO! Capability already demonstrated, or will be soon for: " Electric and magnetic field instruments " Plasma density and temperature instruments " Neutral gas pressure gages and wind instruments - All projects are proceeding towards Phase B design " Mass spectrometers " Particle detectors (few - Relevance kev to several to Space MeV) Exploration Strategic Knowledge Gaps (SKGs) " Photometers and spect - Life rometers cycle cost ( near- I nfrared to extreme -Ultraviolet) Synergistic use of previously demonstrated technologies " Hyper-spectral imagers - Optimal use of available civil servant workforce " Gamma and X ray det ectors and spectrometers Payload " Radar and other advanced radio receivers NASA Centers " GNSS receivers for radio occult ation BioSentinel " multispectral microwave radiomet ers ARC/JSC Lunar Flashlight JPL/MSFC Therese Moretto AES EM-1 Secondary Payload Jorgensen Overview NSF HEOMD s Advanced Exploration Systems (AES) selected 3 concepts for further refinement toward a combined Mission Concept Review (MCR) and System Requirements Review (SRR) completed in August 2014 Primary selection criteria: Completed a Non-Advocate Review of the Science Plan Strategic Knowledge Gaps Addressed Human health/performance in highradiation space environments Fundamental effects on biological systems of ionizing radiation in space environments Lunar resource potential Quantity and distribution of water and other volatiles in lunar cold traps David Pierce NASA Mission Concept Study radiation-induced DNA damage of live organisms in cislunar space; correlate with measurements on ISS and Earth Locate surface ice deposits in the Moon s permanently shadowed craters Near Earth Asteroid (NEA) Human NEA mission target identification Flyby/rendezvous and Scout NEA size, rotation state (rate/pole position) characterize one NEA that is MSFC/JPL How to work on and interact with NEA representative of a potential surface anna@picosats.eu In memory of prof. Giorgio Manzoni - February 2016 human mission target 6/22/15 NEA surface mechanical properties 7 16

7 Science with nano-sats Since 2008, The University of Texas, Cornell, and ASTRA LLC have been developing a dual-frequency, softwaredefined, embeddable GPS-based space-weather sensor Satellite Design Lab Aerospace Engineering CubeSat-Sized GN SS Radio Occultation Experiments Todd Humphreys, UT Austin Aerospace Dept. radionavlab.ae.utexas.edu MIT Enrichment Lecture December 1, 2011 anna@picosats.eu In memory of prof. Giorgio Manzoni - February

8 Science with nano-sats CubeSat enthusiast s view: We ll launch hundreds of CubeSats with low-cost but highperformance GN SSRO sensors! This will usher in a revolution in tropospheric and ionospheric situational awareness and forecasting! But those who know most about occultations (e.g., JPL, UCAR, GFZ, DLR) aren t targeting CubeSat platforms. Why? Demonstrates CubeSat ionospheric sounding in 2011 Satellite Design Lab The challenge of improving occultation Aerospace C/ Engineering N0 on CubeSats can be overcome if there is enough of an incentive. But incentive is linked to economics. We may never need enough CubeSat-sized anna@picosats.eu In memory of prof. Giorgio Manzoni - February

9 Science with nano-sats Earth Observation 50% Nano/Microsatellite Trends by Purpose (1 50 kg) Safety, water Over half monitoring, of future nano/microsatellites agriculture will be used for Earth observation and remote sensing purposes (compared to 12% from 2009 to 2013) Reconnaissance Earth Observation/ Remote Sensing Scientific Reconnaissance Earth Observation/ Remote Sensing 12% 2% 21% 2% 52% Historical ( ) 10% 20% SpaceWorks Projection ( ) Technology 55% Communications Technology 9% 17% Total: 202 Total: 650 Communications Scientific Past Future A smaller proportion of technology development/demonstration nano/microsatellites will be built in the next few years (20% vs. 55% from 2009 to 2013) * Please see End Notes 2, 6, and 7. Copyright 2014, SpaceWorks Enterprises, Inc. (SEI) anna@picosats.eu In memory of prof. Giorgio Manzoni - February

10 condonfieldmethods.blogspot.com Earth Observation Remote sensing Chlorophyll Leaf structure Unique and characteristic response of terrain, vegetation, ocean In memory of prof. Giorgio Manzoni - February

11 Earth Observation Multispectral analysis TMA on Proba-V miniaturized for nano-sats (ESA GSTP & XenICs) Trieste Dep. Physics In memory of prof. Giorgio Manzoni - February

12 Units Telecommunications Increasing number of launched CubeSats not yet followed by an improvement in communication technology Radio amateur band mostly used, with very limited transmission data rate CubeSats communications systems overview Count of telecommunication systems grouped by used frequency (Klofas, CubeSat Communications System Table, 2013) Units 100 vhf uhf above uhf Years Count of telecommunication systems grouped by used frequency Dat a source: CubeSat communications table [1]. anna@picosats.eu In memory of prof. Giorgio Manzoni - February

13 Telecommunications PicoSaTs - CubeSat Communications 2.0 Very high data rates Highly directive and configurable antennas Beyond X-band frequencies (Ka band) Based on software defined radios High gain, circularly polarized, squared array antenna in the Ka band for CubeSats anna@picosats.eu In memory of prof. Giorgio Manzoni - February

14 Telecommunications Radio-amateur band: low data rate Impact on quality of transmitted data and images In memory of prof. Giorgio Manzoni - February

15 Telecommunications Solution: PicoSaTs high frequency TC system Ka band In memory of prof. Giorgio Manzoni - February

16 Conclusions Nano-satellites: agile! Drivers Cost & speed Bus standardisation Flight demonstration Gap mitigation (time & space) Educational tool Creative mission ideas and successful implementations Great science (and technology) potential tool Earth observation and remote sensing (water monitoring, agriculture, safety ), (space) weather monitoring, GNSS, astrophysics, satellite communications still toy satellites? In memory of prof. Giorgio Manzoni - February

17 Thank you In memory of prof. Giorgio Manzoni - February