New Small Satellite Capabilities for Microwave Atmospheric Remote Sensing: The Earth Observing Nanosatellite- Microwave (EON-MW)
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1 New Small Satellite Capabilities for Microwave Atmospheric Remote Sensing: The Earth Observing Nanosatellite- Microwave (EON-MW) W. Blackwell, D. Cousins, and L. Fuhrman MIT Lincoln Laboratory August 6, 2017 This work is sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Air Force Contract FA C Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government.
2 Outline Introduction and Motivation Foundational Work: MicroMAS-1, MicroMAS-2, and MiRaTA The Next Step: EON-MW Summary MicroMAS = Microsized Microwave Atmospheric Satellite MiRaTA = Microwave Radiometer Technology Acceleration EON-MW = Earth Observing Nanosatellite-MicroWave Cubesat Receivers - 2
3 Satellites Provide the Most Forecast Skill Microwave sounding Infrared sounding Infrared sounding Airborne obs GPS radio occultation Weather balloon Radar Weather balloon Water vapor sounding Infrared imaging Infrared sounding Drifting buoy Airborne obs Infrared sounding Infrared imaging Water vapor sounding Microwave imaging Microwave imaging Infrared imaging Infrared imaging Infrared imaging Infrared imaging Infrared imaging Ozone Passive microwave observations have the highest impact Bigger is better Cubesat Receivers - 3
4 Microwave Atmospheric Sensing Wavelength (meters) Radio Microwave Infrared Visible Ultraviolet X-ray Gamma Ray x Cloud Penetration; Highest Forecast Impact 100 Transmission (%) Frequency (GHz) The frequency dependence of atmospheric absorption allows different altitudes to be sensed by spacing channels along absorption lines Cubesat Receivers - 4
5 Traditional Approach: Big Satellites Suomi NPP Satellite (Launched Oct 2011) Current Approaches Unsustainable Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) Cloud and Earth Radiant Energy System (CERES) Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) Expensive Long development cycles Very high failure impact Independent Assessment Independent Assessment Independent Assessment Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) 2100 kg NASA/GSFC NPP: National Polar-orbiting Partnership Cubesat Receivers - 5
6 Small Satellites Offer Profound Benefits *AND* Architectural Resilience Launch Flexibility Rapid Technology Infusion Cycles Improved Performance Through Constellations Lower Costs Launch-on-demand Rideshares Low-cost primary Commercial growth area Continually upgrade sensing and spacecraft technology Fly-Learn-Fly Improved revisit for severe storms Improved coverage Low latency downlink Commodity spacecraft and ground infrastructure Streamlined execution Cubesat Receivers - 6
7 New Approach for Microwave Sounding Suomi NPP Satellite (Launched Oct. 2011) MicroMAS Satellite Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) 4.2 kg, 10W, 34 x 10 x 10 cm Microwave sensor amenable to miniaturization (10 cm aperture) 100 kg, 100 W Broad footprints (~50 km) Modest pointing requirements Relatively low data rate 2100 kg NASA/GSFC NPP: National Polar-orbiting Partnership Cubesat Receivers - 7
8 Earth Observing Nanosatellite (EON-MW) EON-MW leverages $40M in technology demonstration investments by NASA and others Seven launches and >10 CubeSats before EON-MW is delivered Cubesat Receivers - 8
9 Outline Introduction and Motivation Foundational Work: MicroMAS-1, MicroMAS-2, and MiRaTA The Next Step: EON-MW Summary MicroMAS = Microsized Microwave Atmospheric Satellite MiRaTA = Microwave Radiometer Technology Acceleration EON-MW = Earth Observing Nanosatellite-MicroWave Cubesat Receivers - 9
10 Foundational Tech Demo Missions: MiRaTA and MicroMAS MiRaTA MicroMAS-1 and MicroMAS-2 3U cubesat with radiometers and GPS radio occultation 10 channels near 60, 183, and 205 GHz for temperature, moisture, and cloud ice measurements 2017 launch on JPSS-1 Payload TVAC calibration complete! 3U cubesat scanning radiometer for moisture and temperature profiling and precipitation imaging Channels near 90, 118, 183, and 205 GHz Two launches in 2017, payload TVAC calibration complete! Cubesat Receivers - 10
11 Three Launches in 2017/2018 MicroMAS-2A PSLV Oct 2017 MiRaTA Delta II Oct 2017 MicroMAS-2B VG Launcher One 2018 Cubesat Receivers - 11
12 MiRaTA Mission (PI: Prof. Kerri Cahoy, MIT SSL) 3U CubeSat with 60, 183, and 206 GHz radiometers (non-scanning) and GPS radio occultation 10 channels for temperature, moisture, and cloud ice measurements 2017 launch on JPSS-1 Cubesat Receivers - 12
13 Cubesat Receivers - 13 Channel Properties for MiRaTA Radiometers
14 Channel Properties for MiRaTA Radiometers Will fly on EON-MW Cubesat Receivers - 14
15 Cubesat Receivers - 15 MiRaTA Radiometer System
16 MiRaTA Radiometer Flight Hardware DRO PVRM V-RFE PIM Reflector, feedhorns, & V-RFE V-IFP G-RFE-1 G-IFP G-RFE-2 Cubesat Receivers - 16
17 MicroMAS-2 Mission MIT Lincoln Line sponsored Develop a 3U CubeSat all-weather sounder at 4 bands: 89 GHz (window), 118 (temp), 183 GHz (humidity), 207 GHz (cloud ice). Demonstrate dual-spinner local-vertical local-horizontal attitude control Risk reduction for NASA TROPICS, NOAA EON-MW CubeSat missions Launch 2a: SpaceFlight Inc / ISRO PSLV 2b: NASA ELaNa20 / VG LauncherOne Deployer 2a: ISIPOD QuadPack 3U 2b: FANTM-RAiL 3U++ Orbit 2a: 580 km, 98 o, Sun-synch 2b: 500 km, 90 o Payload Launch Q1/FY18 Spacecraft Mission Data: LL LAN TLEs LLSSC JSpOC NanoSat Mission Ops Center (MITLL) Dashboard SATRN Cadet U Radio Link Ground Station NASA WFF Dashboard/TITAN/SATRN USU SDL Cubesat Receivers - 17
18 MicroMAS-2 CubeSats MITLL Custom Made to order Solar Panels Spacecraft Bus Scanner Filter TIB Processor EPS ADCS Commercial stock UHF Antenna Spacecraft Bus Payload Slip ring Motor Battery Cadet U Radio BIB Cubesat Receivers - 18
19 Payload Voltage Regulator Module MicroMAS-2 Payload IFP/PIM module DRO module Heater Switch G-band RFE-2 LNA/ND Module W/F RFE 1. Mixer Module 2. LNA/ND Module Reflector Reflector Shroud G-RFE1 Mixer Module Antenna Feed Cubesat Receivers - 19
20 Outline Introduction and Motivation Foundational Work: MicroMAS-1, MicroMAS-2, and MiRaTA The Next Step: EON-MW Summary MicroMAS = Microsized Microwave Atmospheric Satellite MiRaTA = Microwave Radiometer Technology Acceleration EON-MW = Earth Observing Nanosatellite-MicroWave Cubesat Receivers - 20
21 Next Generation Operational Missions: TROPICS and EON-MW TROPICS (NASA) EON-MW (NOAA) Constellation of 3U cubesat scanning radiometers for moisture and temperature profiling and precipitation imaging Channels near 90, 118, 183, and 205 GHz 12U, 25 kg satellite with 22 channels to replicate ATMS High-performance, radiation tolerant design; 2-3 year mission life Launches beginning in 2019/2020 Approved in FY 2017 Omnibus Appropriations Act, path forward under consideration by NOAA Cubesat Receivers - 21
22 Time-Resolved Observations of Precipitation structure and storm Intensity with a Constellation of Smallsats TROPICS a NASA Earth Venture Instrument program awarded March 2016 Innovative solution to provide data for severe storm intensity forecasts Timely data update Cost-effective: $30.2M + launch Improved performance: all-weather retrievals of temperature, water vapor, precipitation, and cloud properties 6-satellite constellation (plus spares) 3U Cubesat 12-month science collect MIT LL multi-channel passive compact microwave radiometer Three 2019 launches provided by NASA to populate the constellation High-resolution, timely sounding of severe storms for intensity forecasts Cubesat Receivers - 22
23 Cubesat Receivers - 23 Earth Observing Nanosatellite Microwave (EON-MW)
24 Cubesat Receivers - 24 EON-MW Exploded View
25 Summary and Path Forward EON-MW could provide unprecedented performance and architectural resilience at relatively low cost and risk Heritage missions demonstrate core technologies Leveraging $40M in technology demonstration investment Seven launches and >10 CubeSats before EON-MW is delivered Advanced CubeSat bus technologies are capable of meeting mission requirements The risk and cost of infusing new technologies are being reduced for both the Bus and Payload Disruptive SmallSat and Radiometer Technologies Can Now Be Effectively Leveraged to Provide Cost-Effective Resilience to the NOAA Polar Capability Cubesat Receivers - 25
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