SPST (single-pole single-throw) switches
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1 SPST (sngle-pole sngle-throw) swtches SPST swtch, wth oltage and current polartes defned wth SPDT swtch: 2 Buck certer L L (t) C R V All power semcductor deces funct as SPST swtches. wth two SPST swtches: A A B A L B B L (t) C R V 2
2 Realzat of SPDT swtch usng two SPST swtches A ntral step: two SPST swtches are not exactly equalent to e SPDT swtch It s possble for both SPST swtches to be smultaneously ON or OFF Behaor of certer s then sgnfcantly modfed dsctnuous cduct modes (chapter 5) Cductng state of SPST swtch may depend appled oltage or current for example: dode 3
3 Quadrants of SPST swtch operat Swtch state current Swtch state oltage A sngle-quadrant swtch example: ON-state: > OFF-state: > 4
4 Some basc swtch applcats Snglequadrant swtch swtch -state current swtch -state oltage Currentbdrectal two-quadrant swtch swtch -state current swtch -state oltage swtch -state current swtch -state current Voltagebdrectal two-quadrant swtch swtch -state oltage Fourquadrant swtch swtch -state oltage 5
5 4... Sngle-quadrant swtches Acte swtch: Swtch state s ctrolled exclusely by a thrd termnal (ctrol termnal). Passe swtch: Swtch state s ctrolled by the appled current and/or oltage at termnals and 2. SCR: A specal case turn- transt s acte, whle turn- transt s passe. Sngle-quadrant swtch: -state (t) and -state (t) are unpolar. 6
6 The dode Symbol nstantaneous - characterstc A passe swtch Sngle-quadrant swtch: can cduct poste state current can block negate state oltage proded that the ntended -state and -state operatng pts le the dode - characterstc, then swtch can be realzed usng a dode 7
7 The Bpolar Junct Transstor (BJT) and the Insulated Gate Bpolar Transstor (IGBT) BJT C An acte swtch, ctrolled by termnal C Sngle-quadrant swtch: can cduct poste state current IGBT C nstantaneous - characterstc can block poste -state oltage proded that the ntended -state and -state operatng pts le the transstor - characterstc, then swtch can be realzed usng a BJT or IGBT 8
8 The Metal-Oxde Semcductor Feld Effect Transstor (MOSFET) An acte swtch, ctrolled by termnal C C (reerse cduct) Normally operated as snglequadrant swtch: can cduct poste -state current (can also cduct negate current n some crcumstances) can block poste -state oltage Symbol nstantaneous - characterstc proded that the ntended state and -state operatng pts le the MOSFET - characterstc, then swtch can be realzed usng a MOSFET 9
9 Realzat of swtch usng transstors and dodes Buck certer example A A A B B B L L (t) C R V Swtch A: transstor Swtch B: dode A B SPST swtch operatng pts Swtch A L Swtch A Swtch B Swtch B L A B Swtch A Swtch B
10 Realzat of buck certer usng sngle-quadrant swtches A A B L L (t) L (t) B A B Swtch A L Swtch B L Swtch A Swtch B A B
11 4..2. Current-bdrectal two-quadrant swtches C BJT / ant-parallel dode realzat (transstor cducts) (dode cducts) nstantaneous - characterstc Usually an acte swtch, ctrolled by termnal C Normally operated as twoquadrant swtch: can cduct poste or negate -state current can block poste -state oltage proded that the ntended state and -state operatng pts le the composte - characterstc, then swtch can be realzed as shown 2
12 Two quadrant swtches (transstor cducts) (dode cducts) swtch -state current swtch -state oltage 3
13 MOSFET body dode (transstor cducts) C (dode cducts) Power MOSFET characterstcs Power MOSFET, and ts ntegral body dode Use of external dodes to preent cduct of body dode 4
14 A smple nerter A Q D A (t)=(2d ) L L V g D 2 C R Q 2 B B 5
15 Inerter: snusodal modulat of D (t)=(2d ) Snusodal modulat to produce ac output: D(t)=.5 D m sn (ωt).5 D The resultng nductor current arat s also snusodal: L (t)= (t) R =(2D ) R Hence, current-bdrectal two-quadrant swtches are requred. 6
16 The dc-3øac oltage source nerter (VSI) a b c Swtches must block dc nput oltage, and cduct ac load current. 7
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