The ilab Experience. Smart Space Orchestration (s2o) Part I: Hardware Nov 29, you set the focus. a blended learning hands-on course concept

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1 The ilab Experience a blended learning hands-on course concept you set the focus Smart Space Orchestration (s2o) Part I: Hardware Nov 29, 2017

2 Three parts DIY HW DIY SW P2P Measurements

3 3 ID card-based Reconfiguration of a Smart Room Distributed Smart 2pace Orchestration System ds2os.org/

4 4 The ID cards can be used to configure Smart Environments Profile Store Profile b Profile mop Profile Standby

5 5 The ID cards can be used to configure Smart Environments Profile b Profile mop Profile Standby Profile mop alarm ID card Profile Store ceiling light Profile b PC Profile Standby shutters

6 6

7 So what? 7

8 8 DIY Hardware <200

9 Dave Mellis Tom Igoe 9 time Creating your own hardware Creating your own hardware is easy *HW Maker Culture is difficult. Gianluca Martino David Cuartielles Massimo Banzi

10 10 TWO DIY Maker Cultures A computing system that is typically embedded, interfaces its environment via sensors and actuators, and can be remotely managed. DIY Hardware DIY Software Creating your own IoT Arduino DS2OS Smart Device time Software Apps is difficult Smart Space App Portable easy-to-program applications that manage smart environments. Creating your own IoT Distributed Smart 2pace Orchestration System Software Apps is easy.

11 DIY Hardware DIY Hardware Smart Space App Arduino Smart Device DIY Software DS2OS time 2016 Distributed Smart 2pace Orchestration System

12 s2o - hardware Marc-Oliver Pahl Distributed Smart 2pace Orchestration System ds2os.org/

13 Smart Devices What is this about? A hardware device that can sense and interact with its environment via sensors and actuators, and that can be managed remotely using software is called Smart Device. Smart Spaces A physical space that contains smart devices is called Smart Space. Smart Space Orchestration Monitoring and controlling (managing) Smart Devices within a Smart Space with software is called Smart Space Orchestration. Distributed Smart 2pace Orchestration System

14 Creating Hardware Creating your own hardware time is easy Creating your own hardware is difficult. Distributed Smart 2pace Orchestration System

15 Distributed Smart 2pace Orchestration System Massimo Banzi - one of the creators of Arduino 2012 TED talk

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17 Arduino Video Arduino Created 2005 at IVREA for simplifying interaction design class Industrie 3.0 (create objects on your own) Open Source Hardware => Makers Movement you have unlocked I just feel overwhelmed going into every field you could imagine Distributed Smart 2pace Orchestration System

18 You will experience it in this lab Distributed Smart 2pace Orchestration System Do It Yourself (DIY) Hardware

19 Introduction to Electronics The electrical engineering details will not be part of the exam. Distributed Smart 2pace Orchestration System

20 Distributed Smart 2pace Orchestration System Electrical Engineering Basics / Refreshment with Alexander Güssow

21 Agenda Introduction to Electronics Voltage and current Units and parameters Resistance: Ohms Law and Kirchhoff's Laws (Light Emitting) Diodes Common Sensor types 2

22 Voltage in practice Voltage u t : R R Always measured between two points u t = c where c R DC Voltage u t = û sin 2πft AC Voltage Touching >50V AC or >120V DC can harm you 7

23 Voltmeters measure static and fluctuating voltages Source: Fluke 80 Series V User Manual, May 2004 Rev.2, 11/08, page 14 8

24 Oscilloscopes display time-variant voltage curves Source:

25 Current Voltage sources: Pump analogy Closing the circuit Charge Flow? Current is the charge flow rate in a circuit in Coulomb/s. 10

26 Current in practice Current i t : R R Different charged particles Actual direction unknown Closed electric circuit Stopping large currents quickly is dangerous 11

27 Ammeters measure static and fluctuating currents Source: Fluke 80 Series V User Manual, May 2004 Rev.2, 11/08, page 25 12

28 Voltage and Current Measurements Source: henregel.svg, Source: Adapted from

29 Common units and parameters Name Symbol SI-Unit Formula Voltage U or u(t) or V V Current I or i(t) A Electric Power P W P = U I Electric Energy W Ws, J W = P t Electrical resistance R Ohm (Ω) R = U/I 15

30 R = U I Ohms Law Resistance R is constant One free variable remains Intrinsic property Resistor (circuit symbol) Physical device: Resistor Color of the rings encodes Resistor (picture) their value

31 Resistor Current-Voltage characteristic Source: Adapted from I(U) = U 1 R

32 Resistor color codes Source: /media/images/marketing/resources/calcul ators/resistor-color-chart.jpg,

33 n I I 1 I 2 I 3 = 0 i k = 0 Kirchhoffs 1st Law k=1 The sum of currents into and out of any single node of a network is always zero. Pay attention to the direction of the current-arrows: Source: Arrows into a node are positive Arrows out of a node are negative Kirchhoffs 1st law holds for all nodes in a circuit. Source:

34 U2 + U1 U q1 U q2 = 0 Kirchhoffs 2nd Law The sum of Voltages in any closed loop through a cirquit is always zero. Source: as of Ohms Law ε 1 R 1 i 1 R 2 i 2 = 0 ε 2 ε 1 R 2 i 2 R 3 i 3 = 0 Source: as of

35 Resistor superposition Source: Chapter 8, as of Series circuit R total = n k=1 R k Parallel circuit R total = 1 n k=1 1 R k

36 Voltage divider circuit Known: U Wanted: R1 and R2 such that U1 and U2 are what we want Choose two of: I, R1, R2 Then solve: U 1 = U R 1 n j=0 R j Loading the output also changes U1 and U2 Source: as of

37 Current divider circuit Given I, R1 and R2, what are I1 and I2? I 1 = I 1/ n j=0 R 1 1/R j Source: as of

38 (Light Emitting) Diodes I-V Diagram Source: as of

39 LEDs I-V Diagram, Case specs Source: /LEDS/Leds.htm, as of

40 How to actually use LEDs I Diode V D = I S e V D n V T 1 Current rises exponentially with voltage Diodes will break if the I F current is exceeded Linearize & shift this using a Resistor in Series Kirchhoff s 1st gives: I = I so let I = I LED R Fmax Choose suitable R such that the LED is only at about 80% I when the circuit is operating Fmax

41 Resistor-Diode and Diode I-V Diagram Source: Own work using LTSpice simulation program, IN4148 Diode

42 Common Sensors Resistive type Used like a resistor Resistance will change with measure Correlation can be nonlinear Digital type Analog Digital conversion on-chip Digital signal PWM (Automotive) Manufacturer specific protocol Bus (I2C, CAN,...)

43 Microcontroller interfaces UART / Serial TIA-232-F GND, Rx, Tx Point-to-Point I2C / TWI GND, TCL, SDA Master-Slave-Bus SPI SCLK, MOSI, MISO, nss / ncs Master-Slave-Bus GPIOs PxN, i.e. PB1 Selected Star or Daisy-Chaining 29

44 Using Manufacturer Specific Interfaces Read Datasheet Voltage levels Timing requirements Sample comm diagrams Debugging tools (multimeter, oscilloscope protocol analyzer) Real time requirements

45 (Embedded) Computer Architecture Bare metal Avoid non-determination Get maximum run time Similar to OS-like solutions Preemption Priorities Cyclic approach Event driven approach Operating system Desktop OS are nondeterministic Real time OS (RTOS) Priority Scheduling Preemptive Scheduling System libraries run time is known / bounded

46 Arduino Mega MHz ATmega kb RAM GPIO, max. 1 MHz UART, I2C, SPI ADC, (PWMDAC) Bare Bones 34

47 Arduino Hardware Architecture USB/Programmer (ATmega16U2) ATmegaX: 8-Bit Harvard RISC Source(s): as of