Overview of a European Union Joint Research Project on Metrology for 5G Communications (MET5G)

Transcription

1 Overview of a European Union Joint Research Project on Metrology for 5G Communications (MET5G) 1 4 August 2017 Dr Tian Hong Loh MET5G Project Coordinator Welcome to the National Physical Laboratory

2 Copyright The use of this work is restricted solely for academic purposes. The author of this work owns the copyright and no reproduction in any form is permitted without written permission by the authors.

3 Abstract High bandwidth mobile communication is an essential tool for wealth creation. The definition of the next generation (5G) is in progress and anticipates the need to extend the operating frequencies and to support a significantly increased user density to meet its target specifications (millisecond latency, seamless connectivity, low energy consumption, and 1000 times the capacity of 4G). The Metrology for 5G Communications (MET5G)-project is directly relevant to activities that are being carried out by the 5G industry, and academia to develop the necessary infrastructure and standards for 5G. The overall objective of the project is to develop traceable metrology required by 5G communications, to improve the associated measurement uncertainties to underpin all aspects from the signals, devices, systems and test environments for the emerging 5G technologies and to provide metrological support on activities related to standardization for 5G. This project focuses on the development of the metrological capability for 5G mobile communication technology. The specific objectives of the joint research project are to: Define and develop traceable methods to measure Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) over a wide frequency range Improve metrology for traceable MIMO antenna systems Develop traceable metrology for 5G mobile communication devices Engage with industries that manufacture 5G mobile communication technology

4 Biography Dr Tian Hong Loh is a Principal Research Scientist at the UK National Physical Laboratory (NPL). He leads work at NPL on a wide range of applied and computational electromagnetic metrology research areas to support the telecommunications industry. He has authored and co-authored over hundred refereed publications and hold five patents. He is currently visiting industrial fellow at Cambridge University, visiting reader at Surrey University, UK representative of Union Radio-Scientifique Internationale (URSI) Commission A (Electromagnetic Metrology), project coordinator of an European Association of National Metrology Institutes (EURAMET) European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (EMPIR) project on Metrology for 5G Communications, member of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) and senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). He is an associate editor of IET Communications Journal and was the TPC chair of 2017 IEEE International Workshop on Electromagnetics (iwem 2017). He has over 20 years of research experience in areas of antennas, electromagnetics, RF/microwave, wireless communications and radio propagation. He has also focus session, acted on the technical programme committee for several international conferences, and as technical reviewer for several international journals and new book proposals on these subjects. His current research interests include metamaterials, computational electromagnetics, small antennas, smart antennas, electromagnetic compatibility, body-centric, wireless sensor network, MIMO, and 5G communications.

5 Overview Introduction MET5G Recent Progress Project Website Other 5G Comms. relevant activities

6 Overview Introduction MET5G Recent Progress Project Website Other 5G Comms. relevant activities

7 Introduction Evolution 5G (2020?) 1G (1980) 2G (1990) 3G (2000) 4G (2010) Digital Economy Communication

8 Introduction 5G Key Technology Trends and Challenges Key Technology Trends: Operating over wider range of frequencies: <6GHz and/or >6GHz (e.g. mmwaves) New waveforms Massive MIMO Beamforming Highly flexible architecture Challenges: Hardware limitation Interoperability issues Large-scale antenna array Beamforming Extreme node densities (with many simultaneous connections) Higher power and spectrum efficiency CH1: Source monitor, V Waveforms Source 80 Antenna (a) Waveform 1 (b) Waveform 2 Delay Time, ns Node Densities Multi-user MIMO 40 0 CH2: OEFS and Antenna, mv CH1: Source monitor, V Power Efficiency Source Antenna Signal Attenuation in mm-wave bands Delay Time, ns Reconfiguration 0 CH2: OEFS and Antenna, mv

9 Overview Introduction MET5G Recent Progress Project Website Other 5G Comms. relevant activities

10 MET5G Project Partners, Collaborators and Stakeholders MET5G Metrology for 5G Communications Funded by: EURAMET EMPIR programme Participating States EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme

11 MET5G Drives and Objectives 3G and 4G lacked EU wide measurement infrastructure pre-product launch metrology work required to address standards issues is still in development 5G focussing on the user experience, it will use cutting-edge technologies and need new supporting metrology to support its development 5G technological challenges to address: - Operating over wider range of frequencies with massive bandwidth - High spectrum and power efficiency - Interoperability and extreme node densities with many simultaneous connections - Large-scale antenna array hardware limitation issues MET5G Three key measurement issues required for 5G implementation (identified in consultation with industry): - Signal/interference (caused by many simultaneous users); - Massive MIMO (how to address many users at the same time); - Nonlinearity (sets a limit on the system) Key objectives: - Give 5G communication industry the competitive edge - Develop 5G test bed and measurement tools - Minimise test and measurement in cost and time - Reduce time to market for 5G products & services Website:

12 MET5G Project Overview

13 Overview Introduction MET5G Recent Progress Project Website Other 5G Comms. relevant activities

14 MET5G WP1 Definition and traceability of SINR Background and Drives: The high density of users will mean that a critical parameter will be interference from nearby users rather than noise. Hence accurate SINR estimation provide an essential figure of merit which industry can use to assess the QoS performance of their systems at prototype stage. In today s 4G LTE networks, SINR is not defined by 3GPP but is currently been defined as a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), which reports to the network. Lack of common definition: SINR is defined using different algorithms and evaluated by different manufacturers. A unified definition and traceable measurement approach of SINR that can include directional and MIMO antenna systems for 5G communication systems is needed. Our mission: Work with industry standards bodies to define and develop traceable SINR measurement applicable to specified 5G scenarios. Deliverable: Using software simulation and experimental results to validate SINR definitions and traceability suitable for 5G communications. Team member: NPL, CMI, Surrey, Keysight Key collaborators: ETSI, 3GPP, 5G-PPP, CTIA Stakeholders: Bluetest, Bluwireless AB, Ericsson, Huawei Transmitter Source Source Encoder Channel Encoder Modulator Sink Receiver Source Decoder Channel Decoder Demodulator SINR estimation done at this point Received signal Channel Estimator Useful Signal Instantaneous SINR per resource element Signal Regeneration Estimator Compression function Interference and Noise Level Effective SINR per resource block Channel CQI SINR

15 MET5G WP1 Definition and traceability of SINR (Cont.) Current progress: A survey report has been written on wireless link quality metrics for definitions of SINR for potential 5G modulation and coding schemes using published literature and through direct engagement and consultation with industry and standards bodies. The SINR definitions are categorised based their application, modelling method and dependencies. The consortium has designed different directivity and coupling controllable MIMO antennas. These are being developed to allow experimental evaluation of SINR definitions using channel sounder that operating at the license-free band at 2.4 GHz. The obtained coupling between antenna ports better than 21dB and the pattern diversity will facilitate a reduction in interference. Two SINR test facilities will be employed one for below 6GHz and one for mm-wave at 30GHz.

16 MET5G WP2 mm-wave Massive MIMO test bed Background and Challenges: In 5G wireless system, MIMO multiple-antenna communications will have a significant role, both for an increased system spectral efficiency and for energy efficiency. Also, it is envisaged that base stations with hundreds of antennas, Large-scale MIMO, will be utilised. In a MIMO base station, spatial diversity re-uses the same time-frequency resource to communicate with MU-MIMO. The system will require accurate CSI to enable the spatial diversity. However, imperfect CSI and hardware imperfections will inevitably lead to interuser interference, which will limit the system performance. The interference is a much more dominant factor in MU-MIMO systems than in SISO, due to the simultaneous use of the same time-frequency resource for users also within the same base station, and CSI quality and interference control will be critical factors to keep track of. Furthermore, self-interference due to mutual coupling between antennas or other parts of the analogue frontends will have a detrimental effect. Our mission & Deliverable: Build mm-wave massive MIMO testbed, evaluate on SINR for interferences originating within & external to the testbed, validate SINR definition and develop traceable MIMO metrology. Team member: Chalmers, NPL, SURREY, Keysight DK Key Collaborator: Bristol University Stakeholders: Ericsson, Huawei, R&S, Smart Antenna Technologies

17 MET5G WP2 mm-wave Massive MIMO testbed (Cont.) Current progress : Two complementary mm-wave MIMO metrology testbeds has recently been developed one 2 x 2 and another one 16 x 2. The developed 16 x 2 testbed is currently being used remotely by some stakeholders and industries. The consortium has preparing inter-comparison between testbed.

18 MET5G WP2 mm-wave Massive MIMO testbed (Cont.) f DC 2f IF LO RF G 6 db Pad SGH 2 SGH 4 6 db Pad RF LO IF IF Signal LO 1 2f f f 2f Dc Detector IF LO RF G 6 db Pad SGH 1 SGH 3 6 db Pad RF IF LO 2f Roll Axis f RF Splitter RF Splitter IF RF 1 Diplexer P O S I T I O N E R RF 2 LO DC Feedback LO Diplexer Azimuth Axis LO Locking Signal

19 MET5G WP3 Component Level / Energy efficiency Background and Challenges: Demands for dramatic efficiency and bandwidth increases creates difficult measurement problems as we must accurately measure and understand the nonlinear operation of wireless transmitters and transceivers. A variety of strategies will be required to achieve the high levels of efficiency and areal information density that will be required for future 5G systems. These will include power-efficient amplifiers and signal coding and processing for MIMO but ultimately, the linearity and the efficiency of the RF system will define the practical limits beyond which the baseband processing will be ineffective. It is normal practice to compensate for low levels of nonlinearity by using pre-distortion, requiring additional baseband processing of the modulated waveform. As the bandwidth and number of concurrent signals increases, this solution will attract increased operational expenditure for the baseband processing. The design of high-efficiency large signal amplifiers will require supporting large signal models and design tools and these must be supported by traceable and robust large-signal device measurement. Our mission: We shall develop nonlinear metrology methods and establish uncertainties in these areas. Team member: SP, CMI, NPL, Surrey, Chalmers, Anritsu, Keysight Stakeholders: QAMCOM, RUAG, Sivers, Thales

20 MET5G WP3 Component Level / Energy efficiency (Cont.) Sample output influences spectral properties of the ADC waveform Current Progress: Some key simulation models have been implemented. Inter-comparison activities between consortium members and collaborators has being started.

21 Overview Introduction MET5G Recent Progress Project Website Other 5G Comms. relevant activities

22 WP4 Impact to industry end users Website:

23 Overview Introduction MET5G Recent Progress Project Website Other 5G Comms. relevant activities

24 NPL 5G relevant activities Surrey University (5GIC) 5GIC (5G Innovation Centre) 5G & IoT UK test beds and trials

25 NPL 5G relevant activities (Cont.) ETSI mwt Liverpool University (mm-wave massive MIMO antenna array) Cambridge University (Energy harvesting, compressive sensing WSN for 5G) High Gain steerable mm-wave antenna array S-parameters Massive MIMO antenna array

26 References T. H. Loh, "Overview of a European Union Joint Research Project on Metrology for 5G Communications ", invited talk in the 2017 International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Symposium in China (ACES-China 2017), Suzhou, China, 1st 4th August T. H. Loh, D. Cheadle and P. Miller, "A Millimeter Wave MIMO Testbed for 5G Communications", the 89th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG 2017), Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 9th Jun T. Brown, M. Hudlicka, D. Humphreys, T. H. Loh, "Preliminary evaluation of signal to interference and noise characterisation in massive MIMO", COST CA15104 TD (17)04037, Lund, Sweden, May M. Stanley, Y. Huang, T. H. Loh, Q. Xu, H. Wang, and H. Zhou, "A High Gain Steerable Millimeter-Wave Antenna Array for 5G Smartphone Applications", the 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2017), Paris, France, 19th 24th Mar T. H. Loh, M. Hudlicka, T. Brown, Z. Tian, and D. Humphreys, "Literature review of wireless link quality metrics", Activity Report, under EURAMET EMPIR JRP 14IND10 Project entitled Metrology for 5G Communications (MET5G) Activity A1.1.1, 2nd Nov T. H. Loh, C. Li, H. Wang and F. Qin, "A Software-Defined-Radio Platform for Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Over-The-Air Measurement", Invited paper, the 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2016), Davos, Switzerland, 11th 15th Apr G. Ahmad, T. Brown, C. I. Underwood, T. H. Loh, "Millimetre wave high gain smart antenna", URSI Festival of Radio Science 2015 (FRSci-2015), Manchester, UK, 16th Dec C. Gu, S. Gao, H. Liu, Q. Luo, T. H. Loh, M. Sobhy, J. Li, G. Wei, J. Xu, F. Qin, B. Sanz-Izquierdo, and R. A. Abd-Alhameed, "Compact Smart Antenna With Electronic Beam-Switching and Reconfigurable Polarizations", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 63, No. 12, Dec. 2015, pp T. H. Loh and W. Qi, "A comparison of MIMO antenna efficiency measurements performed in Anechoic Chamber and Reverberation Chamber", the 85th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG 2015), Phoenix, Arizona, USA, 22nd May

27 Thank you. Question?