Wireless Communication Electronics by Example

Transcription

1 Wireless Communication Electronics by Example

2 Robert Sobot Wireless Communication Electronics by Example 123

3 Robert Sobot Electrical and Computer Engineering Western University London, ON Canada ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: Ó Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (

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5 Preface This tutorial book comes as a supplement to my Wireless Communication Electronics, Introduction to RF Circuits and Design Techniques textbook, which resulted from my lecture notes in Communication Electronics I undergraduate course that I was offering over the last 7 years to students at Western University in London, Ontario, Canada. My main inspiration to write this tutorial book again came from my students who would always ask How to I practice for this course? while being frustrated for having to browse through large number of books in order to find a few applicable examples for practice. In addition, most of the modern undergraduate textbooks follow the same approach of giving a number of solved examples, accompanied by a number of problems with no solutions. Feedback that I received from my students is that without being able to verify both the final results and the methodology, it is very discouraging to practice the unsolved problems from most textbooks. Consequently, many students become discouraged and never take that first most critical step. In this tutorial book, I choose to give not only the complete solutions to the given problems, but also to give detailed background information about the relevance of the problem and the underlying principles. By doing so, my hope is that my students will be able to make their first steps with my help, and then to develop their own confidence and understanding of modern electronics. In order to solve engineering problems, one must first understand the underlying principles, and one must know the basic set of methods of how to solve the problems. The intended audience of this book are primarily senior engineering undergraduate students who are just entering the field of wireless electronics after only first courses in electronics. At the same time, my hope is that graduate engineering students will find this book useful reference for some of the details that have been either only touched upon in the previous stages of their education, or explained from a different point of view. Finally, the practicing junior RF engineers may find this book handy source for quick answers that are routinely omitted in most textbooks. Paris, France, Winter, Spring and Summer, 2013 Robert Sobot vii

6 Acknowledgments Writing a textbook is an undertaking that, by default, relies on standing on the shoulders of giants. I would like to acknowledge all those wonderful books that I used as the references and the source of my knowledge, and to say thank you to their Authors for providing me with the insights that otherwise I would not have been able to acquire. Under their influence, I was able to synthesize my own picture of reality, which is what acquiring of the knowledge is all about. My hope is that their guidance and shaping of my own understanding of the topics in this book are clearly visible, hence I do want to acknowledge their contributions, which are now being passed to the readers. In the professional life, one learns both from the written sources and from the experience. The experience comes from the interaction with people that we meet and projects that we work on. I am grateful to my former colleagues who I was fortunate to have as my technical mentors on really inspirational projects, first at the Institute of Microelectronic Technologies and Single Crystals, University of Belgrade, former Yugoslavia, then at PMC Sierra Burnaby BC, Canada, where I gained most of my experiences about the real world. I would like to acknowledge contributions of Prof. John MacDougall who initialized and restructured the course into the form of design and build concept, and of Profs. Alan Webster, Zine Eddine Abid, and Serguei Primak who taught the course at various times. I would like to thank all of my former and current students who relentlessly keep asking Why? and How did you get this? with hope that material compiled in this book contains answers to at least some of those questions, and that it will encourage them to keep asking questions with unconstrained curiosity about all phenomena that surround us. Most of all, I want to thank my wife for her unconditional and continuous support, and our son for always being around my writing desk and for making me laugh. ix

7 Contents Part I Problems 1 Introduction: Problems Basic Terminology: Problems Electrical Noise: Problems Electronic Devices: Problems Electrical Resonance: Problems Matching Networks: Problems RF and IF Amplifiers: Problems Sinusoidal Oscillators: Problems Frequency Shifting: Problems Modulation: Problems Signal Demodulation: Problems RF Receivers: Problems Part II Solutions 13 Introduction: Solutions Basic Terminology: Solutions Electrical Noise: Solutions xi

8 xii Contents 16 Electronic Devices: Solutions Electrical Resonance: Solutions Matching Networks: Solutions RF and IF Amplifiers: Solutions Sinusoidal Oscillators: Solutions Frequency Shifting: Solutions Modulation: Solutions Signal Demodulation: Solutions RF Receivers: Solutions Appendix A: Physical Constants and Engineering Prefixes Appendix B: Maxwell s Equations Appendix C: Second Order Differential Equation Appendix D: Complex Numbers Appendix E: Basic Trigonometric Identities Appendix F: Useful Algebra Equations Appendix G: Bessel Polynomials Glossary Bibliographies

9 Acronyms A/D AC ADC AF AFC AGC AM BiCMOS BJT BW, B CMOS CRTC CW D/A DAC db dbm DC ELF EM ev FCC FET FFT FM GaAs GHz HBT HF Hz IC IF InGaAs InP Analog to digital Alternate current Analog to digital converter Audio frequency Automatic frequency control Automatic gain control Amplitude modulation Bipolar CMOS Bipolar junction transistor Bandwidth Complementary metal oxide semiconductor Canadian Radio Television and Telecommunication Commission Continuous wave Digital to analog Digital to analog converter Decibel Decibel with respect to 1 mw Direct current Extremely low frequency Electromagnetic Electron volts Federal Communication Commission Field effect transistor Fast Fourier transform Frequency modulation Gallium arsenide Gigahertz Heterojunction bipolar transistor High frequency Hertz Integrated circuit Intermediate frequency Indium gallium arsenide Indium phosphide xiii

10 xiv Acronyms I/O IR JFET KCL KVL LC LF LNA LO MMIC MOS MOSFET NF PCB PLL PM pp ppm Q RADAR RF RMS SAW SHF SINAD S/N SNR SPICE TC THD UHF UV VCO V/F VHF V/I VLF VSWR Input output Infrared Junction field effect transistor Kirchhoff s current law Kirchhoff s voltage law Inductive capacitive Low frequency Low noise amplifier Local oscillator Monolithic microwave integrated circuit Metal oxide semiconductor Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor Noise figure Printed circuit board Phase locked loop Phase modulation Peak to peak Parts per million Quality factor Radio detecting and ranging Radio frequency Root mean square Surface acoustic wave Super high frequency Signal to noise plus distortion Signal to noise Signal to noise ratio Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis Temperature coefficient Total harmonic distortion Ultra high frequency Ultraviolet Voltage controlled oscillator Voltage to frequency Very high frequency Voltage current Very low frequency Voltage standing wave ratio