Micro-synchrophasors for distribution systems: implications for grid reliability and resilience

Transcription

1 Micro-synchrophasors for distribution systems: implications for grid reliability and resilience i-pcgrid March 31, 2017 Dr. Alexandra (Sascha) von Meier Director, Electric Grid Research, California Institute for Energy and Environment Adjunct Professor, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley Dr. Elizabeth Ratnam Postdoctoral Fellow, Berkeley Energy and Climate Institute (BECI), University of California, Berkeley

2 What is a Synchrophasor? Synchronized measurements of voltage (and current) magnitudes and phase angles Synchrophasors allow the comparison of phase angles (i.e., the Mming of the voltage waveform) at different locamons. δ The small phase angle δ between different locations on the grid drives a.c. power flow P V 1 V 2 X sinδ 12

3 Why upmu? Signals of interest in the distribumon grid ~ 0.01 o -0.1 o Transmission PMU performance of ~1% TVE is not precise enough (error ~ 0.6 o ) upmu phase-angle accuracy +/ o Im Total Vector Error (TVE) Transmission PMU performance ~ 1% TVE is not precise enough for distribution: error of sin o is greater than signal Re

4 Overview 1. ARPA-E Open 2012 project: 3-year $4.4 M ( ) 2. Plus-Up extension project: 18-month, $2 M ( ) 3. Micro-synchrophasor applicamons for grid reliability and resilience

5 ARPA-E Open 2012 project: 3-year $4.4 M ( ) 1. PSL upmu - adapt PQube3 2. VisualizaMon - High speed BTrDB database

6 Power Standards Lab (PSL) upmu Built on PQube3 power quality recorder 120 samples per second in PMU mode (each channel) Mme stamping to nano-second precision, micro sec accuracy with GPS short-term phase-angle accuracy at a +/ degrees

7 Field InstallaMons 40+ µpmus sending 120 Hz data at locamons: UC Berkeley/LBNL, Southern California Edison, Riverside Public UMliMes, Alabama Power (Southern Co.) Georgia Power (Southern Co.), Tennessee Valley Authority, Pacific Gas & Electric Co.

8 VisualizaMon - High speed BTrDB database Datacenter / Cloud Field Other Other Other Services Other Services Services Services Local Buffer PMU Event Detection Service Local Buffer LTE modem PMU Local Buffer Internet Chunk Loader Plotting Service BTrDB Cluster PMU Local Buffer PMU Clients Wired HTTP web app Interactive visualization JSO N/ CS V MATLAB IPython Distillate Framework Cluster etc Analytics with 3rd party tools Michael Andersen, UC Berkeley

9 VisualizaMon - High speed BTrDB database Extremely fast searches (~200 ms for individual samples within months of 120-Hz data) Data available for viewing in a ploker and downloadable through API Open source code available on github

10 Plus-Up extension project: 18-month, $2 M ( ) CollaboraMon with three commercializamon partners: SGS Smarter Grid SoluMons: Planning, diagnosmcs & mimgamon for high-penetramon PV distribumon Doosan Grid Tech (formerly 1EnergySystems): InformaMon infrastructure for distribumon monitoring and control PingThings: Stream analysis solware for real-mme grid data, T&D disturbance event detecmon and analysis

11 Micro-synchrophasor applications for grid resilience Event idenmficamon, detecmon and nomficamon IdenMfy transients event switch status transformer tap operamon bi-direcmonal power flow network state variables Detect high impedance faults unexpected switching event duramon of voltages excursions normal and misoperamon of equipment NoMficaMon protecmon pickup alert cyber security alert network stability alert equipment malfuncmon

12 Identify Event : Mr Plotter 1. Capture events that do not trip protecmon 2. Event may impact safety and power quality µpmu SCADA event captured only by µpmus current step up after transient 4 second delay before unexplained step change in SCADA

13 Detect high impedance faults : mulmple streams Cross-referencing Mme-aligned data supports diagnosmcs to 1. locate disturbance origin 2. ascertain proper operamon of distributed resources 3. ascertain protecmon co-ordinamon

14 Detect normal and mis-operamon of equipment Tap change occurs over ~2 cycles Graph shows individual 120-Hz samples

15 Micro-synchrophasor applications for grid reliability Model ValidaMon - Phase (ABC) connecmvity To support network planning and reliability studies - Switch status idenmficamon - Line segment impedance calculamons - Dynamic device models

16 Resources Read the ARPA-E Project Impact Sheet at hkp://beci.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/ucb-external- Project-Impact-Sheet_ pdf Peruse live and archival µpmu data at hkp://plot.upmu.org and hkp://powerdata.lbl.gov/ Learn about µpmu hardware at hkp:// PQube3.php ParMcipate in the NASPI DistribuMon Task Team (DisTT) Go straight to the source for BTrDB at hkps://github.com/ SolwareDefinedBuildings/btrdb

17 Thank you