Monitoring and Situational Awareness Conference. Improving EMS Reliability Denver, CO September 18, 2013

Transcription

1 Monitoring and Situational Awareness Conference Hani Alarian Improving EMS Reliability Denver, CO September 18, 2013 Director, Power Systems Technology Operations, CAISO

2 California ISO by the numbers 57,963 MW of power plant capacity 50,270 MW record peak demand (July 24, 2006) 30,000 market transactions per day 25,865 circuit-miles of transmission lines 30 million people served 286 million megawatt-hours of electricity delivered annually Slide 2

3 CAISO new Building Slide 3

4 Folsom, CA Control Room

5 EMS Reliability Balancing Supply and Demand Respecting Thermal Limits Monitoring Voltage limits Monitoring Dynamic stability Reacting to events to bring back all the items 4 above back into reliability

6 Balancing Supply and Demand Slide 6

7 Changes in the Electric Industry affecting us Renewable Generation Setting new peaks on a weekly base Wind unpredictable output (4302 MW peak) Solar unpredictable output for telemetry generation (2606 MW peak) Photo Voltaic (PV) on roof tops without telemetry (1500 MW Estimate) Higher expectation of reliability Higher expectation of security SmartGrid Immediate answers Situational awareness through Visualization Slide 7

8 Solution is helped if you think this way EMS provides reality and a way to operate reality The market is the forecast of the reality to come We need to provide operators visualization to tie the past, current, and the future Operators confidence is increased as you provide the visualizations and accuracy of the forecast Visualization is the continuum for operators to see and analyze the past, operate the current, and proactively make decisions to prevent a negative future Slide 8

9 How does EMS help Reliability? Automatic Generation Control (AGC) Intelligent Alarms Voltage Stability Analysis (VSA) Dynamic Stability Analysis (DSA) Handling Disturbances Trending of continuum values

10 CAISO PI Display reliability balancing authority ACE (Area Control Error) limit radar

11 EMS Redundancy 1. Primary EMS Cluster 1 2. Primary EMS Cluster 2 3. Secondary EMS Cluster 1 4. Secondary EMS Cluster 2 5. Backup EMS Folsom 6. Backup EMS Alhambra Slide 11

12 EMS Architecture

13 Backup TIE Line System Folsom Frequency Sources TIE Line Data (MW, MVAR, ) Modems RIB Displays RTU PI Server Modems Alhambra Modems Displays RTU RIB Modems PI Server

14 Reliability Backup TIE Line System Display with ACE-Area Control Error/FREQ

15 Market to EMS CIM/XML Scheduling Infrastructure / Scheduling Applications Real Time Market Applications (RTM) Web Service Control Area Interchange Transaction System (CAS) Outage Scheduler Transmissi on Registry (FUTURE)

16 Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) GPS receiver provides time stamp ( Synchronized ) Voltage and current analog signals are derived from standard current and potential transformers in the substation Microprocessor performs calculations, assigns id tags, and sends data to Control Center Full ACE and Interties (Future)

17 Advanced Applications State Estimator (SE) Executes every 20 seconds 5,975 Bus Network Model Contingency Analysis (CA) Executes every 5 minutes Runs on the EMS, DAM, and RTM Market Dispatcher Load Flow (DLF) Executes every 1 minutes Voltage Stability Analysis (VSA) Runs on the EMS, DAM, and RTM Dynamic Stability Analysis (DSA) Runs on the EMS, DAM, and RTM Full power flow AC solution in the market Runs on the DAM, and RTM SCUC every 15 minutes for the horizon up to 4.5 hours Economic Dispatch every 5 minutes for the horizon of up to 65 minutes

18 CAISO PI Display generation load forecast and DCS generator status summary

19 Operational Procedures Phone calls using: Land Lines Satellite phones Cell Phones Transmission Operators (TOP) Delegate full transmission reliability and visibility to Transmission Operators WECC Have ACE and Frequency with all flows and can handle full reliability and visibility for system energy Imbalance Neighboring Balancing Authorities (BA) Can provide details regarding the health of the Interconnect along with Frequency

20 CAISO PI Display Reliability WECC transmission path overview

21 Summary 1. Primary EMS (Cluster 1 and 2) 2. Secondary EMS (Cluster 1 and 2) 3. Backup EMS (Folsom and Alhambra) 4. Market system in conjunction with Frequency and Schedule net Interchange 5. Synchrophasors/ PMU 6. Phone calls multiple methods 7. TOP 8. WECC 9. Neighboring BA Slide 26

22 Questions and Comments Thank you Your turn Hani Alarian Director, PSTO at CAISO Work Cell Slide 27

23 CAISO PI Display transmission path monitor

24 California ISO in WECC Largest of 37 Balancing Authorities in the West 38 intertie points with neighboring systems Managing 80% of California load Represent 30% of the Western Interconnection load Slide 29

25 AGC Control Modes Constant Frequency(CF) - In this mode AGC responds to deviation in system Frequency from the schedule Frequency. ACE = 10.0 X Bf(Actual Frequency -Scheduled Frequency ) Where: Bf is the Frequency Bias in MW/0.1Hz calculated based on observing and averaging the frequency response characteristic of several disturbances during on-peak hours

26 AGC Control Modes (Continued) Constant Net Interchange(CNI) - In this mode AGC responds to deviation in system net interchange from scheduled net interchange ACE = ([Actual Net Interchange + Meter Error Correction] -[Scheduled Net Interchange + Interchange offset]) - External dynamic schedule

27 AGC Control Modes (Continued) Tie-Line Bias(TLB) --In this mode AGC responds to deviations in net interchange and frequency from their corresponding schedules ACE = 10.0 X Bf(Actual Frequency - Scheduled Frequency) +([Actual Net Interchange + Meter Error Correction] - [Scheduled Net Interchange + Interchange offset]) -External dynamic schedule

28 AGC Normal Operating limits AGC Limits Conditions Frequency Deviation exceeds certain limits High : HZ Low : HZ The value of ACE exceeds certain limits High: 2000 MW Low: MW