MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY & FORMULATIONS HAND BOOK ON THINNERS, PUTTY, WALL & INDUSTRIAL FINISHES AND SYNTHETIC RESINS

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1 MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY & FORMULATIONS HAND BOOK ON THINNERS, PUTTY, WALL & INDUSTRIAL FINISHES AND SYNTHETIC RESINS MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY & FORMULATIONS HAND BOOK ON THINNERS, PUTTY, WALL & INDUSTRIAL FINISHES AND SYNTHETIC RESINS Thinner Volatile Lubricants Measures of Solvency Anilline Point Kauri-Bulanol Value Liquid Chromatography Composition Viscocity Reduction Tests for Purity Volatility Inorganic Pigments The Function of Pigments Properties of Pigments Optical Data Particle Shape Dispersibility The Classification of Pigment Properties of Inorganic Pigments Iron Oxides Natural Iron Oxides Synthetic Iron Oxides Chromates Zinc Chromates Lead Chromate Chrome Greens Prussian Blue Ultramarine Blue

2 Chrome Oxide Pigments Cadmium Pigments ed lead White Lead Zinc Oxide Zinc Sulfide Lithopone Zinc Phosphate Calcium Plumbate Carbon blacks Mixed Phase Pigments Bronze Powders Stainless Steel Flake Titanium Dioxide Pigments The sulphate process The Chloride Process Application of Titanium Pigments Surface Coating Industry Dispersion of Tatanium Pigments Opacity Tinting Strength Durability Gloss Development Storage Stability Other Industry Plastic Industry Rubber Industry Paper Industry Ceramic Industry Other Applications Organic Pigments Classification of Organic Pigments Colour and Chemical Constitution

3 Manufacture of Azo Pigments Azo Condensation Pigments Pigments Conditioning Testing Pigment Crystals and Particle Size Dyestuffs Colour Index Classification Production of Organic Pigment Cost Comparisons Application of Organic Pigments Industrial Finishes Coil Coatings Automotive Finishes Decorative Paints Printing Inks Artists Colour Commercial Pigments Arylamide Yellows (Hans Yellows)Shades: Bright greenish yellow to reddish yellow Diarylide Yellows (Benzidine Yellows) Shades: Strong greenish yellow to reddish yellow Copper Azo yellow Pyrazolone Orange and Red Pigments Dinitronitine Red (Orange) Naphthol Reds (BON Arylamide Reds) Shade:Yellowish red to bordeaux Lithol Reds Shade:ranges from yellowish red (Na) to bluish red (Ca) Lake Red (PR 53) Red 2B Toner Shade: yellowish red (Ba) to bluish red (Ca) Claret Toner Red B Toners Dianisidine Blue Alizaline Lake Ouinacridone Pigments

4 Perylene Reds Thioindigo Red Indanthrone Blues Extender Pigments Particle Size and Shape Particle Size Distribution Specification Particle Size Distribution Colour Sleve Residue Water-Soluble content and ph Water Soluble content and ph Volatile Matter Oil Absorption Dispersion Safety Procautions Tyes of Extender Pigments Calcite (Whiting) Calcium Carbonate (Synthetic) Talc Barytes China Clay (Kaolin) Silica Crystalline Silica Amorphous Silica (Tripoli) Synthetic Silica Mica Asbestos Wollastonite Putty, Glazing, Compounds Caulking, Compounds, and Salants Definition Formulation of Putties Oil Based Putty Metal Sash Grade (Linseed Oil)

5 Oil Based Putty Plumbers Grade (Oil) Formulation of Glazing Compounds Oil Based Glazing Compound Green House Grade Water Based Glazing Compound High Quality Exterior Grade Acrylic Oil Based Caulking Compounds Water Based Caulking Compound White Gun Grade (Acrylic) Physical Contents Key Properties Hot Melt Sealant Physical Constants Key Properties Working Properties subjective Test for Knife Compounds Cone Penetrometer for Consistency Mobilometer for Consistancy Sandwich Squeeze for Consistancy Brookfield Viscometer for Consistency Extrudability with Caulking Gun Extrusion Rheometer Shearing Adhesiveness Rheological Properties Levelling Test Sag (slump) test Sag Test for vertical Joints ASTM Slump Test Slump Test for Horzontal Joints Tack Free Time Shrinkage Apparatus Procedure Bend Test Low Temperature Flexibility Adhesion Bond Strength by Direct Pull ASTM Method for Bond Strength

6 Gravity Test for Adhesion Hardness Durometer Hardness under Standard Conditions Durometer Hardness After Heat Aging Penetrometer for Hardness Penetrometer for Degress of Set Compression Set Aging Tests on Cauiks and Sealants Heat Aging Test Appearance Oil Migration Loss of Weight, Cracks Chalks Articial Weathering Tests Shrinkage Apparatus Procedure Cohesiveness Tensile Adhesiveness (Cohesion) Paint Driers Types of Driers and Manufacturing Methods Direct Fusion Process Precipitation Process Direct Metal Reaction (DMR) Process The Organic Radical of Metailo Organic Driers Napthenates Octoates Performence of Synthetic Based Driers Versus Napthenates Driers Recommendations Mixed Driers Systems Are Normal for Air Dry Finishes Temperature Has Considerable Effect on Drier Metal Activity The Sequence of Drier Additon should be considered Primary Driers Cobalt Manganese Lead

7 Calcium Zinc Zirconium Iron Rare Earth and Cerium Aluminium Vandium Stability on Drying Performance on Storage Drier Related Paint Film Defects Durability and Colour Retention Hazing and Blooming Drier for Use in Water Based Systems The Future Drier Additves Paint Additives Additives in Solvent Thinned Paints Wetting and Dispersing Agents Anti Settling, Anti Sag and Bodying Agents Aluminium Soaps Hydrogenated Castor Oil (Triglyceride of 12- Hydroxyl Stearic Acid) Heat Stable Polyol Esters Modified Clays Anti Skinning Agents Phenols Oximes Anti flood and Antifloat Additives Method of Cure Recognizing Flooding and Floating Midew inhibitors:fungicides Identification of Midew Mildew Control Latex Paint Additives Surface Active Agents Dispersing Agents (Anionic Surfactants) Stabilizing Surfactants (Non-Ionic) Anti Foam Agents

8 Latex Thickening Agents Preservatives Coalescing Aids Wet edge Extenders Freeze thaw Stabilizers Other Considerations Secondary Effects Architectural Paints Exterior Paints for Wood Characteristics of Wood Sliding Bindrs for Exterior House Paints Pigments for Exterior House Paints Pigments for Coloured Paints Microorganics in Paints and Coatings Tetrachlorophenol Formulating Exterior Paints for Wood Interior Paints for Plaster and Wall Board Calceolate Flats Alkyd Flats Ease of Application Water vs. Mineral Spirits Odor of Paint and Coating Hinding Power Apperance of Coating Scrub and Chemical Resistance Durability and Recoatability Galled Flats Copolymer Flats Resin Emulsion Flats Paint Properties Physical Constants Copolymer Emulsion Interior Paints Alkyd Emulsion Paints Cooking Procedure

9 Exterior Emulsion Paints for Masonry Interior and Exterior Enamels Enamels for Wood and Concrete Floors Procedure for Paint Industrial Finishes Introduction Automotive Finishes Automotive Lacquer Finishes Metalized Finishes Water Soluble Vehicles Metal Decorating Finishes Novelty Finishes Wrinkle Finishes Mixing Procedure Hammer Finishes Aluminium Dispersion Hammer Finish Multicolor Finishes Baking Crystal Finish Cooking Procedure Crystal Lacquer Finish Crackle Lacquer Finish Flock Finishes Miscellaneous Novelty Finishes Paper Coatings Water Soluble Organic Coating Waxes for Coatings Cellulosic Polymers in Paper Coatings Lacquer Emulsions Ethyl Cellulose Cellulose Acetate Vinyl Resins in Paper and Textile Coatings Calender Coating and Sheeting Organosols and Plastisois and Paper and Textiles

10 Organosols and Plastisols for Metal Polyvinyl Chloride Latexes Polyvinylidene Chloride Copolymers in Paper Coalings Polyamide Expoxy Coatings for Paper Alkyd Amino Resin Coatings for Paper Advantage of Hall Second butyrate Precautions in the use of Half Second Butyrate Application of Half Second Butyrate Formulating Technique with Half Second Butyrate Clear Lacquer for Aluminium Resin Combination with half Second Butyrate Lacquer for Plastics EIRI a pioneer industrial consultant working over 32 years in preparation of Project Reports, Market Survey cum Detailed Techno Economic Feasibility Reports, Market Survey Reports and Practical Project Execution Know How Reports. Apart from these, EIRI is also known for Industrial Process Technology Books and Trade Directories with Liasioning Services. Recipient of Udyog Rattan Award: EIRI has been awarded with the Udyog Rattan Award in 1996 for the excellence job served to the nation.