Advanced Coating Materials. Dr. Leif Wirtanen

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1 Advanced Coating Materials Dr. Leif Wirtanen

2 Topics 1. Tikkurila 2. Paints and coatings general overview 3. Photocatalysis 4. Energy saving

3 Tikkurila

4 Tikkurila - Durable protection and sustainable beauty for built environments since 1862

5 Tikkurila is the leading paints and coatings professional in the Nordic region and Russia. With our roots in Finland, we now operate in 16 countries. Our high-quality products and extensive services ensure the best possible user experience in the market. Sustainable beauty since 1862.

6 Tikkurila in brief Our end-customers #1 Market position in key markets* in decorative paints Consumers Professionals Industry 50% Balanced geographical presence between mature and emerging markets Our goal is to provide the best user experience Operations in 16 countries Production in 10 countries More than 3,100 employees *Russia, Sweden, Finland, the Baltic countries Tikkurila is #4 in Poland 6

7 Our locations Sweden Finland Russia Estonia Germany Poland Ukraine Kazakhstan Serbia China Production units in 10 countries Sales units in 16 countries Production, logistics center, sales Logistics center, sales Distribution center, sales

8 Product development Key principles for product development are quality, durability and safety. RDI develops products for various purposes and with various functionalities, studies use of alternative and renewable raw materials, and improve properties of existing paints and coatings. Largest RDI units located in Finland, Sweden, Russia and Poland. The desired properties of products are ensured in thorough field testing and extensive laboratory testing.

9 Paints and coatings

10 Paints and coatings general overview The traditional aim of using paints and coatings is to give colour (beauty) and protect Then there are some megatrends driving the development: sustainability energy urbanization etc. there is a growing interest of adding functionalities into coatings

11 Paint composition Additives Water or other solvents Binders Pigments Extenders

12 Paint composition - binders Organic or inorganic Synthetic polymers or of natural origin Purpose is to bind the different raw materials into a homogeneous matrix, adhere the paint film to its substrate, and give the paint film its durability properties The binder is the most important constituent of the paint paint types are named according to the binder One essential characteristics is the Pigment Volume Concentration, PVC, of the paint film. This is a similar feature as w/b-ratio of concrete

13 Paint composition - solvents The ratio of water-borne coatings is increasing Lowers the viscosity of the paint Affects the drying, flowing and film-building properties of the paint Evaporate usually quite quickly (VOCs)

14 Paint composition - pigments Organic or inorganic (metals) Gives the colour (TiO 2 is the most widely used white pigment) Protects the paint film (binder) from UV-radiation Gives wet-hiding

15 Paint composition - extenders Typically inorganic (calcite, talc, kaolines, barytes etc.) Affects the mechanical properties of the paint film Affects the viscosity, gloss, hardness, and other mechanical properties of the paint (film) Gives dry-hiding

16 Paint composition - additives Typically organic (wetting and dispersing agents, thickeners, defoamers, preservatives, etc.) Amount in the paint formulation is typically low (<5 %), but the impact on paint's properties can be immense

17 Photocatalysis

18 UV VIS IR nm

19 Photocatalytic TiO 2 There are two main crystal structures of TiO 2 anatase rutile anatase rutile

20 Photocatalysis

21 Photocatalysis The paint industry has traditionally tried to avoid photocatalysis Nowadays it is being studied (> 10 years) for different functionalities and the number of commercialized solutions is increasing The efficiency of photocatalytic TiO 2 can be modified by doping it with metal ions The main applications include: bio-film control self-cleaning pollution control

22 Photocatalysis Jaskova et al. (2013) International Journal of Photoenergy

23 Energy saving

24 Energy saving There are several ways to affect the climatic conditions inside and outside a building. These include: phase-change materials (PCM) thermal insulation heat reflection

25 Energy saving - PCM When PCMs reach the temperature at which they change phase (their melting temperature) they absorb large amounts of heat at an almost constant temperature The PCM continues to absorb heat without a significant rise in temperature until all the material is transformed to the liquid phase When the ambient temperature around a liquid material falls, the PCM solidifies, releasing its stored latent heat

26 Energy saving - PCM PCMs are typically paraffins (organic) or salt hydrates (inorganic) The challenge is that the medium they are added to should be of suitable thickness (e.g. paint film vs. concrete)

27 Energy saving thermal insulation Coatings can also be used as thermal insulators, the challenge (again) is the thickness of the film Typical insulating materials used are hollow spheres Factors affecting the performance include: the PVC (hollow spheres) of the paint, the sphere wall thickness and the sphere wall material

28 Energy saving heat radiation Thermal balance is typically affected by either: more traditional heat reflectors e.g. aluminium flakes IR-pigments Heat reflectors have a very low emissivity, which means that the share of heat absorbance is very low and reflectance is very high IR reflecting pigments, so called cool pigments, similarly reflect heat. The difference to other heat reflecting materials is that you can make colours, even black surfaces, with cool pigments, which will have a lower surface temperature compared with conventional colours

29 Energy saving heat radiation Ravenswaaij & Huijnen (2014) Paints & Coatings Industry

30 Energy saving heat radiation Typical surfaces painted with "cool" paints include: roofs facades cars etc.

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