Early Europe and Colonial Americas. Medieval Art in Europe-Middle Ages

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Robyn Summers
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1 Early Europe and Colonial Americas Medieval Art in Europe-Middle Ages

*Merovingian looped fibulae Early medieval Europe Mid 6 th century CE Silver gilt worked in filigree with inlays of garnets and other stones Brooches made popular by Roman military campaigns, highly

2 *Merovingian looped fibulae Early medieval Europe Mid 6 th century CE Silver gilt worked in filigree with inlays of garnets and other stones Brooches made popular by Roman military campaigns, highly sought after in Middle Ages. Commonly found objects in barbarian grave sites. Cloisonné-stone inlay Eagle, originally a pagan symbol of the sun, was used by Imperial Rome, and would later become an emblem to St. John.

4 *Lindisfarne Gospels: St. Matthew, cross-carpet page; St. Luke portrait page; St. Luke incipit page Early medieval (Hiberno Saxon) Europe c. 700 CE Illuminated manuscript (ink, pigments, and gold on vellum) Created by a monk. 6 years 275 pages Survived Viking raid, brought to Durham. The keeper inscribed vernacular translation in between the lines of Latin=first known version of gospels written in English. *St. Matthew, cross-carpet page

5 *St. Luke incipit page

6 Stripes had a negative association to the medieval mind, appearing chaotic and disordered. The insane wore stripes, as did prostitutes, criminals, jugglers, sorcerers, and hangmen. Lindisfarne Gospels, John s cross-carpet page, folio 210v. (British Library)

William the Conqueror s conquest of England. Chronicles the events of the conquest ending with the Battle of Hastings in 1066.

8 *Bayeux Tapestry Romanesque Europe (English or Norman) c CE Embroidery on linen Functions as art, history, propaganda, and 11 th century artifacts, life, and military tactics in England. William the Conqueror s conquest of England. Chronicles the events of the conquest ending with the Battle of Hastings in The end is missing but probably shows coronation scene. 20 x scenes Patronned circa 1070 by Odo, Bishop of Bayeux (1/2 brother of William). Secular work? Anglo-Saxon needlework desired throughout western Europe. The center panel tells the main store, the upper and lower registers depict animals, people, hunting, and agriculture. Video in notes *Cavalry attack *First meal

1050-1130 CE; Reliquary: 9 th century CE with

gold, silver, gemstones, and enamel over wood

9 *Church of Sainte-Foy Conques, France Romanesque Europe Church: c CE; Reliquary: 9 th century CE with late additions Stone and paint(tympanum); gold, silver, gemstones, and enamel over wood (reliquary) *Church of Sainte-Foy Pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela.

10 *The Last Judgment Christ as a judge in mandorla with hands pointing up and down. Tympanum displays the joys of heaven and the tortures of hell. Types of sins to avoid (adultery, gluttony, arrogance, etc..) Warning to sinners.

Romanesque-barrel vaulted nave with arches.

11 Romanesque-barrel vaulted nave with arches. Reliquary, or container holding the remains of a saint or holy person. Saint Foy-died when she was 12 for beliefs. Spoila-repurposing old material. Originally Roman statue of the child? *Reliquary of Saint-Foy *Church of Sainte-Foy

1194-1220 CE Limestone, stained glass *Chartres Cathedral Site of Druid temple?

12 *Chartres Cathedral Chartres, France Gothic Europe Original construction c CE; reconstructed c CE Limestone, stained glass *Chartres Cathedral Site of Druid temple?, Roman temple, Christian Church in 3 rd century. Relic of tunic of Virgin Mary, Burned with Church Then discovered! All is not forsaken! New church constructed. *Chartres Cathedral

13 *Great Portal of the West facade Focus on opening up the space and geometry. Jamb figures-elongated, non-architectural Ribbed/groin vault Vertical Bundled columns Heaven on Earth/Light; light of God *Chartres Cathedral

14 *Chartres Cathedral plan *Notre Dame de la Belle Verriere window Cruciform plan (cross/crowds) Radiating chapels Ambulatory Flying buttress Pilgrims would circulate around the church/ Video in notes

15 Other Elements of Gothic Architecture

France *Scenes from the Apocalypse Married to Louis VIII, died after only 3 years of marriage. Blanche had to legitimize her rule.

17 *Dedication Page with Blanche of Castile and King Louis IX of France, Scenes from the Apocalypse from Bibles moralisees. Gothic Europe c CE Illuminated manuscript (ink, tempera, and gold leaf on vellum) *Dedication Page with Blanche of Castile and King Louis IX of France *Scenes from the Apocalypse Married to Louis VIII, died after only 3 years of marriage. Blanche had to legitimize her rule. Moralized Bible=picture bible popular during 13 th century. Dedication to Louis IX.-lessons and morals. Capetian family 8-10 years to complete

Jesus Violent representation Shows humanity, reflection of

18 *Rottgen Pieta Late medieval Europe c CE Painted wood Late Gothic Pieta-Mary holding dead Jesus Violent representation Shows humanity, reflection of changes that will happen in art during the Renaissance. Mary s expression- Different than other Pietas.

*Golden Haggadah (The Plagues of Egypt, Scenes of Liberation, and Preparation

1320 CE Illuminated manuscript (pigments and gold leaf on vellum) *The Plagues

at Seder (meal) the first two nights of Passover.

19 *Golden Haggadah (The Plagues of Egypt, Scenes of Liberation, and Preparation for Passover) Late medieval Spain c CE Illuminated manuscript (pigments and gold leaf on vellum) *The Plagues of Egypt *Scenes of Liberation *Preparation for Passover Haggadah-text recited at Seder (meal) the first two nights of Passover. Tells the story of Passover, includes prayers, readings. This one contains 56 paintings. Barcelona, Spain (Sephardic Jews) Gothic style/jewish art

Enclosed by narrative images. Trompe l oeil-to fool the eye.

20 *Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel, including Lamentation Padua, Italy Uknown architect; Giotto di Bondone (artist) Chapel c.1303 CE; Fresco c CE Next to ancient Roman arena/owned by Scrovegni family. Enclosed by narrative images. Trompe l oeil-to fool the eye. 3 registers that tell a linear story of Christ s life. Sin of usury/dante s Divine Comedy; built the chapel for atonement. *Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel *Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel

21 The mourning of a deceased Christ. Even the angels are in agony. Shows a transition towards the Renaissance compositionally and figurally. Composition draws us into the main point of the painting. *Lamentation Video in notes

Content Area 3: Early Europe and Colonial Americas. Early Medieval, Romanesque, Gothic

Content Area 3: Early Europe and Colonial Americas Early Medieval, Romanesque, Gothic Early Medieval Art: 5 th -8 th centuries No uniform style; general avoidance of naturalistic depictions Influenced