EDUCATION RESOURCE DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY. Education Program Partner YEARS 3-4 FANTASTIC FIBRES DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 1

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1 EDUCATION RESOURCE DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY Education Program Partner YEARS 3-4 DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 1

2 BEFORE THE VISIT DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 2

3 YEARS 3-4 WORKSHEET 1 FABRICS IN SPORT When you play sport, you want your clothes to be comfortable and to work well. While doing these activities, you are going to think about: what sport clothing needs to be like how clothes help the athletes perform well and feel good. 1. Select a type of sport (one that you know well) then answer the questions in the table below: Suggested sports: Football Cricket Netball Basketball Hockey Athletics (track and field) Cycling Swimming Surfing Diving Table tennis Tennis Skiing Snowboarding Skateboarding Gymnastics Equestrian sports Etc. You can choose from this list, or focus on another sport you know about. Name of sport: Where is this sport played? Example: Surfing At the beach, in the waves What are the conditions that players have to put up with? Do the players run/move around a lot? In the water, always wet, can be windy and cold They swim and paddle a lot Do they get hot and sweaty? Not really Do they have to stretch and move around a lot? Do the players bump into things or need to be protected? Do the players need to be easily recognised (team)? Yes, when paddling and moving on a board Not really, only if they bump into a board, need to be protected from board rash No Do the clothes need to be washed frequently? Sort of salt water needs to be washed off after each surf Discuss your information with others in your class. You will probably discover that different sports have very different situations and needs! DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 3

4 YEARS 3-4 WORKSHEET 2 WHAT FIBRE/FABRIC IS THAT? Know your fibres Sports clothing designers know a lot about fabric and fibres. This helps designers choose the fabric that will give athletes an edge when competing. Fibres Fibres are the hair-like strands that are twisted together to make a thread or yarn. These are then woven or knitted to create fabric WOOL FIBRES 1. What do you know about fibres? Fibres are grouped or put into categories according to where they come from. Can you draw a line from the category name to the correct source? PROTEIN FROM A PLANT REGENERATED FROM AN ANIMAL SOURCE SYNTHETIC A NATURALLY FORMED FIBRE THAT IS CHEMICALLY ALTERED CELLULOSE A COMPLETELY MANUFACTURED FIBRE 2. Can you write the fibres names below into their correct groups (try to match the photo, though some you may not know) Lycra Cotton Acetate Wool Bamboo Nylon Natural Protein Rayon Silk Man-made Cellulose Regenerated Synthetic DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 4

5 YEARS 3-4 WORKSHEET 2 3. What is a fibre blend? Sports clothing designers know a lot about fabric? FABRIC CONSTRUCTION Fibre content has a large effect on how fabrics act in different situations. How a fabric is constructed also has a great impact. 4. Write the names of the fabric construction below the diagrams/photos in the table below using these terms: WOVEN KNITTED FELTED/FUSED 5. See if you can fill in the blanks with the same terms (woven, knitted, felted) think about the fabric your clothes and other objects are made from. fabric is usually very stiff and not very flexible. If it is tightly formed it isn t stretchy, but it can be waterproof. It is often used to make toy animals. To make this fabric, the fibres are pushed and rubbed together so that they interlock and mat. fabric is usually quite soft and flexible. It is very stretchy and often soft to touch. This fabric is often used to make T shirts. It is made by knotting loops together with hooks or needles. fabric can be stiff or flexible, depending on how tightly it is constructed, but it isn t stretchy or elastic. It is formed by the threads going under and over each other, and is used to make jeans. The order and number of under/over threads can create different patterns. DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 5

6 YEARS 3-4 WORKSHEET 3.1 TESTING FIBRES Test 1: Absorbency and water travel (wicking) You will need: 3 fabric samples 3 pieces of paper towel a tray (- 100mm x 100mm) a small container of water food colouring an eye dropper a ruler a camera Step-by-step procedure Highlight or underline each step as you go 1. Collect 3 samples of different fabric 2. Label each one with its fibre name 3. Lay each sample on a tray on top of a piece of paper towel 4. Collect a small container of water and an eye dropper 5. Colour the water with a few drops of food colouring 6. Place 5 drops of water on each fabric sample 7. Use a timer and wait 60 seconds take a photo of your samples 8. Measure the width of the spread of moisture on each fabric sample (using millimetres) 9. Carefully take off the fabric measure the spread of the moisture patch on the paper towel under each sample 10. Record you measurements in the table below Sample Fabric moisture patch in mm Paper moisture patch in mm Any other things you saw? 50 MM Put your information on this graph framework What does this tell you about the fibre/fabric samples? Which fibre absorbed the most water (biggest patch on the fabric) 40 Which absorbed the least? Which fabric let the most water through onto the paper? (May be best at wicking, drawing the sweat away from the body) 10 0 SAMPLE 1 SAMPLE 2 SAMPLE 3 Which let the smallest amount through? (might make you feel hot and clammy DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 6

7 YEARS 3-4 WORKSHEET 3.2 TESTING FIBRES Test 2: Elasticity ability to stretch You will need: 3 fabric samples a frame or rod to suspend a ruler 200mm x 40 mm the sample a camera a piece of paper pins 3 weights (all the same) that can be hooked or tied onto a sample Step-by-step procedure Highlight or underline each step as you go 1. Collect 3 samples of different fabric 2. Label each one with its fibre name 3. Trace the shape and size of each sample onto a piece of paper 4. For a suspension rod for the samples this could be a piece of narrow dowel (wooden rod) or broom handle suspended between 2 desks, or you could use an empty picture frame that is supported upright 5. Attach each sample to the rod by looping the end over and pinning it make sure the same length of fabric sample is hanging down from the rod measure and record the distance from the rod to the end of the fabric. 6. Suspend one weight to each sample (depending on the weights, you could use string and paper clips pierced through the fabric 1cm from the end) 7. Take a photo of your samples with the weights attached 8. Wait for 60 seconds, then measure (in millimetres) the distance from the rod to the end of the fabric of each sample record in the table 9. Remove the weights 10. Place samples on the matching shapes traced in step 3, and leave for another 60 seconds 11. Measure (in millimetres) and record any difference between the original size and the size after stretching* Sample Fabric Distance from rod to end (no weight) - A Distance from rod to end (with weights) - B B minus A (1) Difference * (Step 11) (2) Any other things you saw? DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 7

8 YEARS 3-4 WORKSHEET 3.3 Put your information on this graph framework - each sample needs 2 bars using your (1) and (2) measurements What does this tell you about the fibre/fabric samples? Which sample stretches the most? MM 50 Which sample stretches the smallest amount? Did the stretchiest sample return to its original size? 20 Which fibre would be best for a sport that involves a lot of movement and stretching? Why? 10 0 SAMPLE 1 SAMPLE 2 SAMPLE 3 DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 8

9 YEARS 3-4 WORKSHEET 3.4 TESTING FIBRES Test 3: Wrinkle resistance scrunch test You will need: 3 fabric samples (100 mm X 100 mm) Window card (50mm X 50mm cut-out) Ruler Step-by-step procedure Highlight or underline each step as you go 1. Collect 3 samples of different fabric 2. Label each one with its fibre name 3. Collect or make a window frame with a square hole that that measures 50mm X 50mm 4. 3 members of the group take a sample each, and scrunch it firmly in their hand 5. Hold it as firmly as they can for 2 minutes someone will need to time this 6. Let go of your fabric and lay it flat on a table 7. Place the window frame over the sample and count the number of wrinkles that show through record in table 8. Compare and rate the deepness of the wrinkles: 0 = no wrinkles, 1 = shallow light wrinkles, 2 = medium wrinkles, 3 = deep and sharp wrinkles (record in table) Sample Number of wrinkles Depth of wrinkles (0-3) Any other things you saw? Put your information on this graph framework (each sample needs 2 bars) What does this tell you about the fibre/fabric samples? Which sample wrinkles most easily? 30 Which sample wrinkles had the smallest amount? 20 Which sample had the lightest wrinkles? 10 0 Which had the deepest? Which fibre would be best if you needed to change after playing sport and needed to put your clothing in a bag? Why? SAMPLE 1 SAMPLE 2 SAMPLE 3 DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 9

10 YEARS 3-4 WORKSHEET 3.5 TESTING FIBRES Test 4: Durability ability to withstand rubbing You will need: 3 fabric samples cork sanding block or 3 wooden blocks second set of wooden blocks masking tape sandpaper Step-by-step procedure Highlight or underline each step as you go 1. Collect 3 samples of different fabric 2. Label each one with its fibre name 3. Tape each sample so that it covers and wraps around a wooden block 4. Wrap other wooden blocks with the sand paper 5. Rub each sample with the sandpaper block 10 times (try to make the pressure even or the same every time you rub) 6. Observe and record how much damage has been done to each sample 0 = no damage, 1 = small amount of damage, 2 = medium damage, 3 = lots of damage 7. Rub each sample a further 10 times, and observe and record the damage again 8. Rub each sample for a third lot of 10 times, and observe and record the damage again 9. If any samples are rubbed through, record how many stokes it took to wear through (remember to add all strokes from each round of 10) Sample First 10 rubs (0-3) Next 10 rubs (0-3) Last 10 rubs (0-3) Number to wear through Any other things you saw? Put your information on this graph framework each sample needs 2 bars (columns 4 and 5 in the table) What does this tell you about the fibre/fabric samples? Which sample is the toughest? 30 Which sample is the least durable? 20 Did any of the samples show damage but didn t wear through? 10 Which fibre would be best if your sport was very rough? Why? 0 SAMPLE 1 SAMPLE 2 SAMPLE 3 DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 10

11 YEARS 3-4 WORKSHEET 4.1 USING FIBRE INFORMATION Information about fibres Fibre Appearance and feel Properties Uses Wool Silk Cotton Bamboo Acetate (and other regenerated fibres) Nylon Lycra Short to medium fibre length Fine to thick fibre Usually soft Warm to touch Continuous fibre Fine Usually soft Warm to touch Shiny Short fibre length Soft Fine Cool to touch Continuous fibre Silky Soft shine Soft drape Continuous fibre Fine Medium to soft feel Shiny Continuous filament Can be made fine or thick Medium to harsh/rough feel Continuous filament Can be made fine or thick Always blended with other fibres Thermal insulator Water absorbent Weak Flame resistant Moderate cost Thermal insulator Water absorbent Weak Flame resistant Wrinkles easily Expensive Thermal conductor Water absorbent Strong Wrinkles Low cost Colour fades Absorbent draws moisture from the skin Anti bacterial Durable and strong Dyes easily Weak Fair water absorbency Wrinkles easily Burns and melts with heat Low cost Thermal insulator Very strong Wrinkle resistant Water resistant Burns and melts with heat Colour fast Lightweight Durable, resists breaking down Strong Very elastic Good recovery when stretched repeatedly Clothing Outer wear blankets Expensive clothing and accessories Clothing Sheets and towels packaging Clothing Underwear Knitwear Un-woven nappies Clothing Linings for dresses and jackets Clothing Waterproof clothing and covers Bags Industrial uses Clothing Swimwear underwear **Most of the content of this table is from: VCE PD&T: Units 1-4, 3rd edition, Livett, J and O Leary, J (Cengage, 2011), p.222 Tricky terms Thermal insulator insulates you from hot or cold Thermal conductor lets heat escape Anti bacterial kills bacteria, reduces odours Drape how easily the fabric folds and bends over shapes Colour fast - Colour doesn t fade Absorbent soaks up Expensive costs a lot Stretch recovery returns to original size after stretching DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 11

12 YEARS 3-4 WORKSHEET 4.2 USING FIBRE INFORMATION Analysing fibre information 1. Highlight the qualities in columns 2 and 3 above that would be useful for needs of players of the sport you discussed in Activity 1. Making decisions 2. Using the information from this table and the tests your class carried out, which fibre do you think would be the best choice for your sport Sport: Fibre and/or fabric type: Explain why: DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 12

13 DURING THE VISIT DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 13

14 YEARS 3-4 WORKSHEET 5 CLOTHES CHANGES In the gallery areas, find a display of clothes from one particular sport choose a sport that has a range of clothing shown from different eras. Suggested sports that are well displayed: Football Athletics Cycling Cricket Swimming If you can find a range Netball Tennis of clothing for another Basketball Golf sport, you can refer to that Answer the following questions: Sport: 1. Which set of clothes looks like the least confortable? Why? 2. How have designers used colour in their clothing designs has this changed over time? 3. From what you can see, what are clothes from different eras made from? How do they look different? 4. Do you think they are made from the same fibre? 5. Which set of clothes looks like the most comfortable to wear? Why? 6. How have the shapes of the sports clothes changed? DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 14

15 YEARS 3-4 WORKSHEET 6 HANDS-ON FABRIC Find the fabric samples at the hands-on station in the gallery 1. List the names of three of the fabrics and find out the sports they are used in. Fabric samples Sports 2. Feel and look at the samples and write you opinions to the following questions Which fabric is the softest to touch? Which fabric is the smoothest? Which is the roughest fabric? Which is the most flexible? Which is the stiffest? Which is the stretchiest fabric? Which fabric stretches the least? Which feels the warmest? Which feels the coolest? Look closely - which has the loosest construction? (most open weave or knit) Which is the most tightly constructed? Which fabric is made in Australia? DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 15

16 AFTER THE VISIT DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 16

17 YEARS 3-4 WORKSHEET 7 SPORTS CLOTHES WRITING THE BRIEF: Imagine you are on the sports team committee, and you need a designer to develop design ideas for your team s sporting clothes or gear. 1. Write a design brief for the particular needs of your sport, describing the who, what, when, where, how aspects that need to be thought about when you are designing. Who - who will be wearing the clothes? What what will the players be doing? Where where will the players be playing, under what conditions? When how often will they play, do the clothes need to be durable, will they be washed often, etc.? How how could the clothes show team colours and symbols, is this needed? Use the questions above to explain what is needed and write the design brief: The (your sport) team are calling for new designs for the next big sporting event. Who? What? Where? When? How? What the 3 most things are most important to remember when designing clothes for this brief? a. b. c. DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 17

18 YEARS 3-4 WORKSHEET 8.1 YOUR SPORTS CLOTHING DESIGN Draw a design for set of sports clothes using line and On your drawing, you need to write colour. (You may want to brainstorm a few sketched comments pointing out: ideas first) You can show a front and back view. Identify the the materials you have chosen for the clothing the ideas that make your clothes work well for materials that the clothes will be made from, and its type of sport explain how the clothes do the job that is required the ideas that make your design look good (meet the needs of the brief. Use the body shapes as a any interesting design innovations (new ideas) guide, and you can remove the existing clothing shapes. **The images used in this worksheet are from: VCE PD&T: Units 1-4, 3rd edition, Livett, J and O Leary, J (Cengage, 2011), p.74 DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 18

19 YEARS 3-4 WORKSHEET 8.2 YOUR SPORTS CLOTHING DESIGN Explain what is good about your design? How well does your design fulfil the requirements written in the 4 dot points above your design brief? DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY - PAGE 19

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