TEXTILES, FABRICS, AND FINISHES. Textiles and Interior Design

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1 TEXTILES, FABRICS, AND FINISHES Textiles and Interior Design

2 WHAT IS A TEXTILE? Any product made from fibers, including fabrics A fundamental component of a ready made garment because it is the basic raw material of the garment

3 WHAT IS A TEXTILE? Normally, a textile is woven fabric but widely used and includes: All kinds of fibers Ex: Cotton, Jute, Wool, Polyester All kinds of processes Ex: Spinning, weaving, knitting, dyeing, printing All kinds of machineries Ex: spinning machineries, weaving machineries Conversion of textile fiber into finished or end use produces Ex: Garments, medical textiles

4 TEXTILE MANUFACTURING FLOWCHART Textile Fibers Yarn Yarn Yarn Fabric Grey Fabrics Grey Fabrics Finished Fabrics Finished Fabrics Garment Garments

5 FABRIC CONSTRUCTION Fibers are created into yarns Yarns are then woven or knit into fabrics Fabrics are used to create projects

6 BLENDED YARNS, THREADS, AND FABRICS Blends were created to utilize the good parts of each fiber Different fibers that have been combined into one fabric, usually one natural and one synthetic Ex.: Polyester/Cotton Blend- the original cotton characteristics are improved and the fabric becomes more wrinkle resistant, stronger, and mildew resistant

7 WOVENS A woven fabric consists of warp and weft yarns Weaving occurs when two or more yarns are woven together at right angles to make a fabric Strong and easy to sew on Suggested for beginners to use

8 GRAIN (LINE) Selvage- parallel to lengthwise grain; the tightly woven edges of the fabric Lengthwise- parallel to the selvage; stronger threads (warp threads) Crosswise- at right angle to the lengthwise threads; perpendicular to the selvage Bias- diagonal angle; runs at a 45-degree angle to the selvage edge; provides stretch

9 KNIT Knitting- yarns are fashioned by needles into a series of interlocking loops to make a fabric Knits provide stretch Knits don't need a seam or edge finish; will not fray

10 NON-WOVEN/FELTING Made when fibers are pressed together using heat and moisture Ex: felt and non-woven interfacing

11 NAP Short fibers that create texture on fabric

12 FIBERS The basic units of all textiles

13 FIBER CHARACTERISTICS Strength: The ability to withstand pulling and twisting Shrinkage: The ability to maintain size Warmth: The ability to maintain body temperature Durability: The ability to hold up to repeated usage Absorbency: The ability to take in moisture Wicking: The ability to maintain pull moisture from the body and toward the surface of the fabric where it can evaporate Wrinkle resistance: The ability to resist creasing Elasticity: The ability to spring back when crushed or wrinkled Shape retention: The ability to return to original shape Abrasion resistance: The ability to withstand rubbing Luster: The natural sheen or shine of some fibers Static resistance: The ability to maintain withstand the buildup of electricity

14 NATURAL FIBERS Fibers taken from natural sources, such as plants and animals Most common are: cotton, linen, wool, and silk Two categories: Cellulosic fibers Come from vegetable (plant) sources Protein fibers Come from animal sources Specialty Hair Fibers - More expensive; Come the goat family, camel family, and rabbit family.

15 Inexpensive comfortable, absorbent, versatile Strongest Comfortable, and durable Wrinkles Shrinks Expensive wrinkles Clothing (underwear and outerwear) Home Furnishings (rugs, sheets, towels) Clothing (suits, dresses) Home Furnishings (drapes, kitchen towels, tablecloths) Strong durable moisture Wrinkles Coarse, expensive Cords, rope, canvas, fire hoses, Combine with other fibers for drapes and apparel Warmest absorbent durable Absorbent Expensive shrink odors Weakened exoensive Clothing (sweaters, suits, skirts) Home furnishings (rugs, blankets) Clothing (wedding dress, blouses, ties) Home furnishings (lampshades, drapes)

16 Fibers not found in nature MANUFACTURED FIBERS Cellulosic Fibers: Fibers made from cellulose, which are fibrous substances found in plant life Acetate Lyocell Rayon Triacetate Synthetic Fibers: Manufactured fibers made from chemicals Acrylic Elastoester Nylon Saran Anidex Galss Nytril Spandex Aramid Metallic Olefin Vinal Azlon Modacrylic Polyester Vinyon

17 Correct your notes: Absorbent Soft Comfortable Versatile Inexpensive Correct your notes: Low resiliency Stretches Weak mildewhen wet Heat Sensitive Wrinkles Heat easily Dresses, shirts, sportswear, bedding, curtains, tablecloths Weak Dresses, lingerie, shirts, scarves, neckties inexpensive strong durable sun Casual tops, lingerie, slacks, raincoats, carpets, upholstery

18 durable strong wrinkles Shirts, dresses, suits, underwear, sportswear, carpets lightweight wool absorbency Sportswear, sweaters, infant wear, blankets, carpets, draperies elastic lightweight nonabsorbent bleach Swimwear, undergarments, exercise and dance wear

19 FINISHES Finishes can improve the appearance, texture, and performance. Applied only to the fabric, not the fiber or yarn.

20 Type of Finish Antibacterial; Antimicrobial Antistatic Basic Textile Finishes Benefits Prevents growth of, bacteria, mold and ; mildew prevents odor Prevents buildup of Static electricity Bleaching Whitens natural fabric from the mill Crease-Resistant Prevents fabric from wrinkling Durable Press Flame-Resistant; Flame-Retardant Moth Resistance Prevents fabric from wrinkling Reduces fabric burning and flaming from exposure to flames or High heat Discourages moths and carpet beetles form attacking wool fibers!

21 Raised surface skrinking Stain removal Stain removal absorbent water Soaking into the fabric water waterproof

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