1. The figure below shows the human information-processing system in operation when a car is being driven. Human information-processing system

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1 1. The figure below shows the human information-processing system in operation when a car is being driven. Human information-processing system (a) State which part of the human information-processing system is represented by a physiological action. (1) Describe the sensory process in the human information-processing system. (c) Explain the function of memory in the human information-processing system. (3) (Total 6 marks) 2. (a) Define user population. (1) Describe the use of the concept of methods of extremes to limit sample sizes.

2 (Total 3 marks) 3. Figure 1 shows the Ad-specs. They are adaptive spectacles which have been designed for use by people in developing countries. The focal length of the lenses is easily adjusted by filling the lens with fluid using the adjustment wheels and pump. No sight test is required. For everyday use (once the focal length of the lenses has been adjusted) the pump can be removed (see Figure 2). Figure 1: Ad-specs Figure 2: Ad-specs in use with pump removed [Source: Used with permission.] (a) Outline one reason related to human factors for the size of the lenses of the Ad-specs. Outline one aspect of the design of the spectacles which has been compromised by the size of the lenses. (Total 4 marks) 4. Describe why mapping is an important consideration in human factors design.

3 (Total 2 marks) 5. The figure below shows the Forest chair manufactured by Fast Italy. It is made from metal and is designed for use in the garden. Forest Chair [Image courtesy FAST spa/go Modern UK.] Discuss two physiological human factors issues in relation to the Forest chair. (Total 6 marks) 6. The figure below shows an Eye Level Cooker manufactured by Flavel. By positioning the grill at eye-level the cooker was seen as a radical new design 40 years ago. An Eye Level Cooker [Image: BEKO]

4 Discuss three safety issues concerning the use of the grill shown in the figure above. (Total 9 marks) 7. The figure below is a paper prototype of a page set up from Microsoft Word, a word processing programme.

5 Paper prototype [Source: (a) State one advantage of paper prototyping. (1) Outline one way in which paper prototyping can be seen as an example of participatory design. (c) Explain the role of the user in a paper prototyping session. (3) (Total 6 marks) 8. (a) State the measurement scale used for dates, e.g. 2010, in the Western world. (1) Outline why a comfort rating scale of 1 10 is an ordinal scale.

6 (Total 3 marks) 9. The figure below shows the use of work triangles in a kitchen layout design. Work triangles in a kitchen layout design (a) Describe the relationship between work triangles to kitchen layout design. Outline how the use of a work triangle may assist a designer to resolve safety issues in the design of a kitchen layout. (Total 4 marks) 10. Describe one reason why a designer would use an appearance prototype at the design development stage of a product.

7 (Total 2 marks) 11. The figure below shows three possible layouts for a cooker hob with four burners and four control knobs. Cooker hob layouts Discuss two issues for the designer in deciding which layout should be adopted as the standard design. (Total 6 marks) 12. Discuss three human factor considerations relating to standardization in the design of an open-plan office.

8 (Total 9 marks) 13. (a) Define population stereotype. (1) Describe the relevance of population stereotypes in the design of controls for products.

9 (Total 3 marks) 14. The figure below shows two doors equipped with different door furniture although both need to be pushed to open. Two doors and door furniture (a) Outline one reason why affordance is an important consideration in human factors design. Identify one reason why the use of the push plate on the right-hand door in the figure above is a better design for a door that needs to be pushed than the handle and sign used on the left-hand door. (Total 4 marks) 15. List two pieces of anthropometric data which would be used in the design of a mobile phone. (Total 2 marks) 16. Discuss two ways in which human factor specialists determine adequate product safety.

10 (Total 6 marks) 17. Explain three advantages of using paper prototyping in the design process.

11 (Total 9 marks) 18. There are many Soapbox racing clubs around the world where people in different age categories (commonly year olds) design and build un-powered cars to race downhill. It all started with a simple box on wheels (for example Figure 1), but has developed to a more sophisticated level (eg. Figure 2). Some of the race rules related to the car dimensions are shown in Figure 3. Figure 1: Traditional Soapbox Racer Figure 2: Modern Soapbox Racer [Source Figure 2: Fotografía de Calixto Grarcía publicada en Figure 3: Race car rules (a) State one ergonomic reason why dimension A might vary. (1) Outline one strategy for collecting dynamic anthropometric data that could be used to design a soapbox car to suit the driver.

12 (c) With reference to Figure 3, explain why there is a maximum but no minimum dimension for G. (3) (Total 6 marks) 19. (a) State one way in which the design of a lift in a multi-storey building incorporates audible feedback to the user. (1) Describe affordance as it relates to a door which is pushed one way and pulled the other. (Total 3 marks) 20. Describe the type of data scale that would be used when measuring the thermal comfort of an office worker. (Total 2 marks)

13 21. Explain two methods that could be used to identify hazards faced by long distance truck drivers in order to help prevent accidents. (Total 6 marks) 22. Explain three strategies a designer could employ to ensure an effective user-product interface.

14 (Total 9 marks) 23. The Aeron Chair in the figure below was designed in 3 sizes (A, B and C) to fit people from the 1st percentile (female) to the 99 th percentile (male). The chart in the table below outlines the weight and height specifications of the people for whom each of the chair sizes was designed. Aeron Chair [Reproduced with the permission of Herman Miller.] Table: Chair design specifications [Source: Reproduced with the permission of Herman Miller.] (a) State the height of the shortest person for whom size B chair was designed. (1)

15 Calculate the height and weight of the range of people for whom the size B chair was designed. (c) Explain one implication of designing a chair for the 1 st 99 th percentile. (3) (Total 6 marks) 24. (a) Define appearance prototype. (1) Describe how a functional prototype could enhance the design process of a new type of shopping trolley. (Total 3 marks) 25. Two different types of phones are pictured below. Figure (a) shows a simple phone that sends and receives calls with a large easy to see keypad and four memory buttons. Figure shows a more complex phone that can send and receive calls, and includes a video and

16 camera, GPS (Global Positioning System) capability, bluetooth, games and radio and TV reception. Figure (a): Simple phone Figure : More complex phone [Source: easy use] [Image: FDV] (a) Outline one issue relating to memory burden for users of the mobile phones (a) and. State a market pull and a technology push design influence that has resulted in the phone design in Figure. (Total 4 marks) 26. Describe how an ordinal scale could be used to collect data about a new phone design. (Total 2 marks) 27. Compare the primary and secondary anthropometric data a designer would use in a mass produced and a custom made student s desk.

17 (Total 6 marks) 28. Discuss three methods used to identify hazards and evaluate risks in relation to promoting health and safety in the workplace.

18 (Total 9 marks) 29. Stools without wheels are often provided with stand up workbenches to reduce fatigue during long tasks. When not in use they slide under the bench. The figure below is a side view of a stool, the recommended dimensions for which are provided in the table below. Figure: Stool and a stand up workbench Table: Dimensions of Stool Letter (Figure E1) A - seat width C - backrest height D - seat height E - seat/foot support distance F - foot support 381 mm 203 mm 500 to 762 mm max 457 mm 457 mm Dimensions (a) If the vertical distance between the seat and the backrest is 50mm, state the overall maximum height of the chair. (1) Identify the percentile used to determine the height of the workbench if it was for a school classroom.

19 (c) Explain why it is recommended that wheels should not be used with workbench stools. (3) (Total 6 marks) 30. (a) State the type of scale that would be used to collect comfort data. (1) Outline one issue related to the application of comfort rating scales (Total 3 marks) 31. The figure below shows a small tube of toothpaste which is part of a kit given to long distance airline passengers. A number of passengers have complained that they can t pierce the seal in the tube. They have not noticed the pin in the top of the lid to be used for this purpose. Toothpaste tube [Source: (a) Identify a data collection strategy designers of the toothpaste tube in the above figure could have used to become aware of the problem.

20 Describe an alternative design solution to the problem outlined above. (Total 4 marks) 32. Describe the type of prototype most useful for collecting data about the aesthetics of a range of new mobile phones. (Total 2 marks) 33. The picture in Figure 1 shows the detail of the front panel of the music player pictured in Figure 2. Figure 1: Music player detail Figure 2: Music player Discuss two characteristics of user product interfaces related to the product pictured in Figure 1.

21 (Total 6 marks) 34. Explain how three psychological human factors considered in kitchen design may conflict with other design aims.

22 (Total 9 marks)