PREFACE. endless abundance of blessings He has granted. It is difficult to imagine completing

Transcription

1 PREFACE First and foremost, the author would like to thank the Lord above for the endless abundance of blessings He has granted. It is difficult to imagine completing this final paper without His constant guidance and source of strength. This final paper entitled FRAMING ANALYSIS OF THE PORTRAYAL OF INDONESIAN FEMALE POLITICIANS IN THE ARTICLES OF SUARA PEMBARUAN AND REPUBLIKA (JANUARY ARPIL 22, 2013) is aimed to fulfill a final requirement to attain the Degree of Bachelor in Political Science and Communication in Universitas Pelita Harapan. Furthermore, this final paper facilitates the process of learning and expanding the depth of knowledge. The author fully realizes that without guidance, support, encouragement and prayers from various people, this final paper could not and would not be completed. Therefore, the author would like to exuberantly thank all those who have generously assisted in the process of completing this final paper, namely: 1) Prof. Aleksius Jemadu, Ph.D., as the Dean of the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences. 2) Rose Emmaria Tarigan, S.Sos., M.Si. as the head of Communications faculty who has shown endless support. 3) Julia, S.Sos., M.A., as the author s supervisor who has given much guidance and assistance during the writing of this paper. Thank you for staying patient throughout these six months!

2 4) Drs. A. Setiawan Abadi, M.A., as the author s academic advisor who has helped the author with academic affairs. 5) All lectures who have dedicated their time to sharing indispensable knowledge and lessons for the author throughout the study period in Universitas Pelita Harapan. 6) The staff in the Communication and Political Science department in helping with all administrative procedures. 7) The friendly librarians who have helped the writer on endless occasions during the research process. 8) The ground working staff, especially Ibu Marna and Ibu Suminten who taught the author the true meaning of kindness and sympathy. 9) My truly incredible parents, who both have showed a great amount of unwavering support, not only during the writing process, but also on a consistent daily basis. It has been your unconditional love and guidance that have made me the person I am today. 10) To my sisters Maria and Agnes, who have given much needed support and prayers throughout the process. 11) To my beloved grandparents, aunty Christina, uncle Leo and Danang, and cousin Gregory for being my rock and always having my back! 12) To my housekeeper Mbak Sum, who taught me a valuable lesson: the most important thing in life is to have a kind heart.

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4 TITLE PAGE TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY OF THESIS STATEMENT FROM FINAL PAPER SUPERVISOR STATEMENT FROM FINAL PAPER EXAMINATION COMMITTEE ABSTRACT... v PREFACE... vii TABLE OF CONTENT... x LIST OF FIGURES... xv LIST OF TABLES... xvi LIST OF APPENDIXES... xviii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Problem Identification Research Question Goal of Research Significance of Research Organization of Study CHAPTER II OBJECT OF RESEARCH 2.1 Indonesian Women s Portrayal Throughout The Years Women and Politics During Soekarno s Presidency Media During the Soeharto Era Women Through the Eyes of the Media Legal Matters Megawati and the Media Megawati and International Media... 19

5 2.4 General System of Indonesia s House of Representatives (DPR) Female Legislative Candidates and Female Politicians in the Present Day Religion and Society Republika Republika s Vision and Mission Suara Pembaruan Important Information and Statistics Suara Pembaruan s Vision and Mission Suara Pembaruan s Duties, functions and Responsibilities Beritasatu Media Holdings CHAPTER III LITERATURE REVIEW 3.1 Journalism Principles of Journalism News Mass Media Newspapers Role and Function of the Press News Writing Agenda Setting Gatekeeping Mass Society Theory and Power Framing Framing as the Construction of Social Reality The Four Models of Framing Analysis Theoretical Framework CHAPTER IV METHODOLOGY 4.1 Qualitative Research Approach ii

6 4.2 Content Analysis Method Framing Analysis Inductive Approach Framing Device According to Zhongdang Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki Source of Data (Samples) Unit Analysis Data Collection Technique Data Analysis Drawing Conclusions Triangulation: Reliability & Validity CHAPTER V RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 5.1 Findings Suara Pembaruan Political Parties Must Fulfill Female Quota (Parpol Harus Capai Kuota Perempuan) Prioritize Women s Representation (Utamakan Keterwakilan Perempuan) Linda gumelar Pptimistic that 30% Quata Will be Reached by 2014 (Linda Gumelar Optimis Kuota 30% Tercapai 2014) Must be One Voice (Harus Satu Suara) Angie s Change of Time is Just a Matter of Time (PAW Angie Tinggal Tunggu Waktu) Difficulty for Political Parties to Fulfill Quota (Parpol Sulit Penuhi Kuota Perempuan) Encourage Women s Political Role (Dorong Peran Politik Perempuan) iii

7 Female Representation Requirement Must be Fulfilled (Syarat Keterwakilan Perempuan Harus Dipenuhi) Political Parties Cannot Guarantee Quality of Female Legislative Candidates (Parpol Tak Jamin Kualitas Caleg Perempuan) Percent Female Quota: Becomes a Slappening Threat (Kuota 30 Persen Perempuan: Gebrakan yang Menjadi Ancaman) Republika Political Parties Having Difficulty in Fulfilling Female Requirement (Parpol Sulit Penuhi Syarat Perempuan) Women s Chance in 2014 (Peluang Perempuan di 2014) Blocking Challenge (Tantangan yang Menghadang) Is the 30% Quota for Female Legislative Candidates Needed? (Perlukah Kuota Caleg Perempuan 30 Persen?) Female Legislative Candidates Should be More than Average (Caleg Perempuan, Jangan Sekadarnya) Democrats Prioritize Female Legislative Candidates (Demokrat Prioritaskan Caleg Perempuan) Female Legislative Candidates Exceed Quota (Caleg Perempuan Melebihi Kuota) Female Legislative Candidate Requirement Needs to be Lightened (Syarat Caleg Perempuan Perlu Keringanan) Customs Viewed as Barrier fro Female Legislative Candidates (Adat Dinilai Hambat Caleg Perempuan) Islam Party Targets Women s Votes (Partai Islam iv

8 Bidik Suara Perempuan) Research Results Portrayal of Indonesian Female Politicians from Suara Pembaruan and Republika Using Zhongdang Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki Framing Analysis Model Republika s Frames Summary of Republika s Portrayal of Indonesian Female Politicians Suara Pembaruan s Frames Summary of Suara Pembaruan s Portrayal of Indonesian Female Politicians CHAPTER VI CLOSING 6.1 Conclusion Suggestions BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX v

9 LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1.1 Trend in Women s Representation in the Indonesian Parliament... 2 Figure 1.2 Women s Representation at the Indonesian House of Representatives and House of Regional Representatives... 5 Figure 3.1 Theoretical Framework Model Figure 4.1 Framing Device According to Zhongdang Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki vi

10 LIST OF TABLES Page Table 5.1 Pan and Kosicki s Frmaing Model Toward s Suara Pembaruan Article January 16, Table 5.2 Pan and Kosicki s Frmaing Model Toward s Suara Pembaruan Article February 14, Table 5.3 Pan and Kosicki s Frmaing Model Toward s Suara Pembaruan Article February 20, Table 5.4 Pan and Kosicki s Frmaing Model Toward s Suara Pembaruan Article March 6, Table 5.5 Pan and Kosicki s Frmaing Model Toward s Suara Pembaruan Article March 14, Table 5.6 Pan and Kosicki s Frmaing Model Toward s Suara Pembaruan Article March 16, Table 5.7 Pan and Kosicki s Frmaing Model Toward s Suara Pembaruan Article March 23, Table 5.8 Pan and Kosicki s Frmaing Model Toward s Suara Pembaruan Article April 2, Table 5.9 Pan and Kosicki s Frmaing Model Toward s Suara Pembaruan Article April 17, Table 5.10 Pan and Kosicki s Frmaing Model Toward s Suara Pembaruan Article April 17, Table 5.11 Pan and Kosicki s Frmaing Model Toward s Republika Article January 17, vii

11 Table 5.12 Pan and Kosicki s Frmaing Model Toward s Republika Article January 23, Table 5.13 Pan and Kosicki s Frmaing Model Toward s Republika Article January 23, Table 5.14 Pan and Kosicki s Frmaing Model Toward s Republika Article January 25, Table 5.15 Pan and Kosicki s Frmaing Model Toward s Republika Article March 15, Table 5.16 Pan and Kosicki s Frmaing Model Toward s Republika Article March 25, Table 5.17 Pan and Kosicki s Frmaing Model Toward s Republika Article April 1, Table 5.18 Pan and Kosicki s Frmaing Model Toward s Republika Article April 10, Table 5.19 Pan and Kosicki s Frmaing Model Toward s Republika Article April 15, Table 5.20 Pan and Kosicki s Frmaing Model Toward s Republika Article April 20, Table 5.21 Frames Used by Republika Table 5.22 Frames Used by Suara Pembaruan viii

12 LIST OF APPENDIXES APPENDIX A Permission Application to Conduct Research for Suara Pembaruan... A-1 Suara Pembaruan Certificate Letter... A-2 Permission Application to Conduct Research for Republika... A-3 Republika Certificate Letter... A-4 Monitoring Sheet... A-5 APPENDIX B Transcript of Suara Pembaruan Interview... B-1 Transcript of Republika Interview... B-2 APPENDIX C Suara Pembaruan Articles... C-1 Republika Articles... C-2 ix