Walter Steets Houston Genealogical Forum DNA Interest Group November 18, 2017

Transcription

1 DNA, Ancestry, and Your Genealogical Research Session 2 Walter Steets Houston Genealogical Forum DNA Interest Group November 18,

2 Today s agenda Brief review of previous DIG session Degrees of Separation Ancestry s Match Categories General strategy using Shared Matches Giving the Family Genealogist Access to Relative s DNA Tests Ancestry s Strategies for Discovering Relationships using DNA Filters Examples of finding and tracking relationships using Ancestry and Excel Using Microsoft Excel for tracking relationships from DNA testing Workshop DIG members Ancestry DNA problems Presentation Is Interactive 2

3 Degree of separation The degree of separation is a measure of the genealogical and genetic distance between two people on separate lines of a Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA) descendant tree. Genealogically - the number of ancestors and descendants between the two people on a descendant tree Genetically - the number of DNA parent-child transfers between two people. The larger the degree of separation between two people, the less DNA they will share. For degrees of separation larger than about 10-12, descendants are likely not to share any DNA. 3

4 Ancestry DNA Match Category Ancestry Possible Range Ancestr y s DNA Match categories Degrees of Separation Most Likely (Range) Relationships Parent/Child 1 Parent or child Immediate Family 2 Full sibling Close Family Close family 1 st cousin 3 (2 4) 1 st Cousin 1 st 2 nd cousin 4 (3 5) 2 nd Cousin 1 st 2 nd cousin 5 (4 7) 2 nd Cousin 2 nd 3 rd cousin 6 (5 7) 3 rd Cousin 3 rd 4 th cousin 7 (6 9) 4 th Cousin 4 th 6 th cousin 8 (4 12) Aunt, uncle, niece, nephew, grandparent, grandchild, halfsibling 1C, great-grandparent/children, greataunt/uncle/niece/nephew, half-aunts/uncles/niece 1C1R, half-1c, 2C, 2 nd great grandparent/grandchild 2C, 1C2R, half-1c1r 2C, 3C, half-2c, 2C1R, 2C2R, 1C2R, 1C3R, 3C1R 2C and more distant From Ancetry DNA-Match-Relationships 4

5 Previous Session s Case Study: Monica s Shared Matches Samuel Lindsay b. Abt Scotland Elizabeth St. Ledger b. Abt England John Lardner Abt Ireland Honor Walsh b. Abt Ireland John Howarth b. Abt Austria John Deresweiler Catherine Marta John Lindsay b. Abt Ireland Margaret Lardner b. Oct Ireland Joseph Howarth b. Mar Austria Christina Deresweiler b. Jul 1858 Dusseldorf, Germany Katherine Durishweiller b. Jan 1855 Westphalia, Germany??????? Lindsay b. Doris Clarinda, Iowa Melody 261 cm 2nd Cousin 2. Shared Matches with leaf Match William Lindsay b. Council Bluffs, Iowa Marybird Lindsay b. Nov Council Bluffs, Iowa J.T. 281 cm 2nd Cousin 1. Match with leaf George Lindsay b. Jan Council Bluffs, Iowa Patricia Lindsay b. Aug Council Bluffs, IA Monica b. Council Bluffs, IA Josephine Howarth Mar Council Bluffs, IA William Lapke b. Feb Shelby Co. Iowa H.D. 103 cm 2rd Cousin, Once Removed 3. Matches with tree and not related to known Matches 5

6 Ancestry s DNA Strategy Post a pedigree tree to Ancestry and link to DNA test Review Ancestry s DNA Match Categories (e.g. 1 st Cousin, 2 nd Cousin) Examine DNA Matches using Filters Hints, especially Shared Ancestry Hints Matches with trees Matches without trees Send Ancestry Messages to Matches offering to exchange information about shared ancestors 6

7 Prerequisites to Effectively Interpreting Ancestry DNA Tests 1. Access to Ancestry DNA Results by Account Owner or Account Manager (Family Genealogist) 2. Subscription to Ancestry Provides access to Ancestry pedigree trees An Ancestry subscriber can be Manager of multiple Ancestry DNA accounts An Ancestry subscription is not required for each Ancestry DNA accounts E.g. family members could take DNA tests and then make you Manager of their results 3. Pedigree tree or trees which include names of all Ancestry DNA test takers administered by Manager 4. Each DNA test taker linked to one person in the Ancestry pedigree trees 7

8 Configuring Ancestr y DNA accounts 1. Click on SETTINGS 3. Link test to tree 2. Assign Manager role to Family Genealogist 8

9 Ancestry DNA Requires Trees Pedigree tree should contain all basic genealogical data Name, gender, birth, marriage, and death dates and places Parents, spouse, and children s names Minimum 5 generations : 2 nd great grandparents MRCA for 3 rd cousins Ancestry will use up to 10 generations in determining relationships Loading tree data Use an existing Ancestry tree which contains the DNA test taker Manually enter a new tree Upload a GEDCOM file Location of trees If logged in as DNA account Owner, trees must be the DNA account If logged in as Manager of the DNA account, trees are in the Manager s Ancestry account 9

10 Using Ancestr y Filters to Find Matches Filters 1. Hints Match s pedigree trees have ancestors who appear to match ancestors in your tree. Displays trees with Shared Ancestor Hints (SAH). Very Useful 2. New Indicates a DNA match which hasn t been viewed yet. May indicate Matches which are new for you. 3. Starred Star color changes from Orange to Grey by clicking on it. Used to track Matches who have been identified by one of the other filters. 4. Regions Identifies Matches whose ancestors appear to have lived in the same regions several hundred years ago. Based only on DNA and doesn t require Matches to have pedigree trees. Most useful when Matches ancestors lived in a small region for many generations. 10

11 Shared Ancestr y Hints - SAH One Ancestr y s Most Helpful Tools Displays relationship of you and Match to Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA) Based on DNA Matches Pedigrees Trees Lists any DNA Circles containing Matches View Full Tree displays full Ancestry tree for Match with all branches Map and Locations may identify additional Matches based on location Shared Matches may identify additional Matches who share same common ancestors 11

12 Formed around one ancestor found in your tree and two or more of your Matches. Additional requirements: The pedigree trees of you and your Matches are public and linked to DNA your tests. The Matches DNA matches you and each others at a 2 nd cousin level or further out. Family Groups Used only within DNA Circles Folks within a Family Group match each other s DNA at the 1 st Cousin Once Removed level or closer. May contain folks with whom you don t share DNA or a common ancestor in trees. DNA Circles 12

13 EXAMPLE OF REGIONS FILTER Paternal ancestors from southern Italy Regions Filter uses only DNA Pedigree trees not used

14 Tracking Ancestry Matches in Excel 14

15 Using Excel At this month s HGF monthly meeting, Annette Lyttle demonstrated a number of Excel features including: Change the width of columns by using the mouse Wrap text automatically Change data alignment in a cell Freeze panes to lock the first row or column Format text in cells Add or change the background color of cell In this session, we ll add a couple of new Excel features including: Filter data in a range of cells Insert a line break in a cell Create a drop-down list for data entry 15

16 Demonstration of Ancestry and Excel 16

17 Review: Ancestry s DNA Strategy Post a pedigree tree to Ancestry and link to DNA test Review Ancestry s DNA Match Categories (e.g. 1 st Cousin, 2 nd Cousin) Examine DNA Matches using Filters Hints, especially Shared Ancestry Hints Matches with trees Matches without trees Send Ancestry Messages to Matches offering to exchange information about shared ancestors 17

18 Appendices Additional slides with more detailed information follow. These probably require more explanation than is provided on the slides but I thought some folks might find them interesting. Let me know if you have any questions. 1. Comparison of Ancestry and Shared cm project relationship Ranges. 2. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms - SNP 18

19 Comparison of Ancestr y and Shared cm Project Relationship Ranges Ancestry has published the expected range of shared cm used by Ancestry for estimating various relationships. The Shared cm Project is a collaborative data collection project managed by Blaine Bettinger. The Project has published ranges of shared cm based on DNA test results for more than 25,000 known relationships. The chart shows the averages and ranges of shared cm for various relationships from Ancestry and the Shared cm Project. Some substantial differences are shown for the shared cm ranges for Ancestry and Shared cm Project. The amounts of shared cm as a percent of the total chromosomal cm from the Shared cm Project and from basic genetics are also shown. Genetic Degrees of Separation Ancestry Predicted Relationship Ancestry's Range of Shared DNA (cm) Shared cm Project Observed Relationship Shared cm Project Ancestry Average (cm) Shared cm Project Ancestry 5th - 95th Percentile Range (cm) Shared cm Project Average Percent Shared Expected Percentage of Shared cm from Basic Genetics 1 Parent/Child 3475 Parent/Child % 50.0% 2 Immediate % 37.5% Family Siblings 2 Grandparent % 25.0% 3 Close Family Aunt/Uncle/Ni % 25.0% ece/nephew 4 1C C % 12.5% 4 Great Great % 12.5% Aunt/Uncle Aunt/Uncle 5 1C1R 1C1R % 6.3% 6 2C C % 3.1% 6 1C2R 1C2R % 3.1% 7 2C1R 2C1R % 1.6% 8 3C C %.78% 8 2C2R 2C2R %.78% 9 3C1R 3C1R %.39% 10 3C2R 3C2R %.20% 10 4C C %.20% 11 4C1R 4C1R %.10% 12 5C - 8C C %.05% 13 5C1R 5C1R %.02% 19

20 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms - SNP DNA composed of strands of large molecules known as nucleotides Chromosome two strands of DNA bound together as a double helix by nucleotide base pairs: Adenine and Thymine A-T Cytosine and Guanine C-G 99.9% of DNA in humans is identical SNP Single Nucleotide Polymorphism - a difference in a single nucleotide along DNA strands which are otherwise identical. SNPs are used as markers in DNA testing. Differences in DNA are identified by patterns of hundreds or thousands of SNPs. These patterns of SNPs are used to identify DNA segments. DNA Base Pairs Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine Person A DNA G-C T-A SNP 1 Identical sequences of hundreds of base pairs SNP 2 A-T A-T Person B DNA 20