Unit 2.Drawing applied to technology

Transcription

1 Unit 2.Drawing applied to technology

2 Unit 2.Drawing applied to technology What are we going to see in this unit? 2.1 Drawing tools and how to use them 2.2 Drafts and sketches 2.3 Scale 2.4 Diedric system: Views of an object 2.5 Marking and standardizing

3 It is all about images

4

5 2.1 Drawing materials and instruments Pencil A pencil has a lead covered with wood. The lead is made with graphite and clay Lead Wood cover clay Graphite

6 2.1 Drawing materials and instruments Pencil hardness The more clay it contains the harder the lead will be. We use letter H for hard pencils and letter B for soft ones. Hard: H More clay Soft: B less clay Very hard Hard Medium Soft Very soft 6H 5H 4H 3H 2H H HB B 2B 3B 4B 5B 6B Technique draw Artistic draw

7 2.1 Drawing materials and instruments Mechanical pencils They hold a graphite lead. They can be used for technical drawing with a hard lead. ERASERS Erasers are made of rubber, they absorb graphite and erase it. Video

8 2.1 Drawing materials and instruments Paper Paper is made of cellulose that is obtained from trees The paper size that we use is A4. It is the result of dividing 1 m 2 (A0) four times by half the longest side.

9 2.1 DRAWING TOOLS THE RULER It is a precision tool that makes it possible to measure and to transfer a distance. TRIANGULAR SET SQUARE A set square is a tool for drawing perpendicular (vertical) and parallel lines and for obtaining angles. There are 2 types of triangular set squares A 45 degree A 60 degree

10 Other Drawing tools

11 2.1 Drawing materials and instruments How to draw vertical and parallel lines with the set square Vertical: Parallel: Activity: Draw the set squares in your notebook so you can see them in both positions

12 2.1 Drawing materials and instruments Activity :Draw a chessboard using the set square. The separation between squares is 2 cm! 16 cm 16 cm square

13 2.1 Drawing materials and instruments Drawing angles exercise: you have to obtain, 45º, 75º, 90º, 120º angles combining the set squares

14 2.1 Drawing materials and instruments Drawing angles: we can get 15º, 30º, 45º, 60º, 75º, 90º, 120º, 135º angles combining the 30º, 45º, 60º and the 90º angles from the set squares You don't have to copy them because you can find them in your text book on page 153

15 2.1 Drawing materials and instruments Drawing angles exercise: you have to obtain, 45º, 75º, 90º, 120º angles combining the set squares

16 2.1 Drawing materials and instruments The Compass It is used for drawing circles and angles Advice: sharpen the lead tip by rubbing it on a fingernail file

17 2.2 DRAFT AND DIAGRAMS Rough DRAFT: It is a free-hand drawing (just with a pencil). We show an idea or object without totally defining it. Is the initial drawing which shows the fundamental elements of a design and reflects its main concepts

18 2.2 DRAFT AND DIAGRAMS ATTENTION! A DRAFT IS NOT A BAD DRAWING AND A DIAGRAM IS NOT A GOOD DRAWING!!!!!!

19 2.2 DRAFT AND DIAGRAM DIAGRAM: It has more information than a rough draft. It includes the measures, therefore it shows the precise size and shape similar to the final drawing. measure

20 2.2 DRAFT AND SKETCH Activity: draw a sketch of your home cupboard (closet).

21 2.2 DRAFT AND DIAGRAMS the Sketch Sketching to communicate

22 2.3 Drafting scale We define scale as the relation between the drawing size and the real object A model uses a reduction scale

23 2.3 Drafting scale 1:2 The Drawing size The Real size

24 2.3 Drafting scale 1 cm measured on the drawing is equivalent to 1200cm in reality Page 38 1:1200 E 1:1200 1cm drawing 1200 reality

25 2.3 Drafting scale Scale types: Reduction scale: it is used to represent big objects, so they can be drawn on paper We usually use: 1:2 1:5 1:10 In this example we have reduced 1000 times the real size of the tree 1:1000 Drawn Real

26 2.3 Drafting scale Enlargement scale: it is used to represent small objects so we can see them on paper It is used: 2:1 5:1 10:1 In this example the drawing is two times the real object 2:1 Safety pin Drawing Real

27 2.3 Drafting scale An example of scale application Let s draw a pencil that is 10cm high and 1cm wide using different scales: 2:1, 1:2, 1:4 1cm 10cm

28 2.3 Drafting scale 2:1 Scale 2:1 High wide Real Drawn 2 Real

29 2.3 Drafting scale 2:1 Scale 1:2 High wide Real Drawn 1 1:2 Real

30 2.3 Drafting scale 2:1 Scale 1:4 High wide Real Drawn 1 1:2 1:4 Real

31 2.3 Drafting scale Scale exercise This drawing is 4,5cm long and 2,5 cm high, if we have used a 1:100 scale How high and long is the real car? 2.5cm 4.5cm

32 2.3 Drafting scale 2.5cm Scale 1:100 Long High 4.5cm Drawn 1 4,5 2,5 Real

33 2.3 Drafting scale Activity: Let s draw a plan of your classroom using your feet and your hands applying the suitable scale to draw it 1 hand: 10cm 1 foot: 20cm

34 2.3 Drafting scale 24 feet are equivalent to 480cm Therefore we have 4,5 hands = 45cm 3,5 hands=35cm 4hands x 18cm/hand= 72cm 3hands x 18cm/hand= 54cm 31 feet x 20cm/foot= 620cm 24 feet x 20cm/foot=480cm 31 feet are equivalent to 620cm

35 2.3 Drafting scale Which scale could we use to draw the classroom and your desks in your notebooks? length width Classroom 620cm 480cm Desk 72cm 54cm

36 2.3 Drafting scale Let s use the 1:100 scale, so the drawing will be 100 times smaller than reality Classroom Long wide Drawn 1 6,2 4,8 Real Desks Long wide Drawn 1 0,72 0,54 Real

37 2.3 Drafting scale Homework: Draw a plan of your bedroom using your feet and your hands. Apply a 1:25 scale to draw it 1 hand: 10cm 1 foot: 20cm

38 2.4 Diedric system

39 2.4 Dihedral system The Dihedral system represents the objects using a perpendicular projection on a plane

40 2.4 Dihedral system The projection or VIEW consists of drawing just what we see when we are perpendicular to the object and to the plane Page 28

41 Front view 2.4 Dihedral system To define an object we only need 3 views, floor, front and profile: Floor view: from the top of the object Front view: facing the object Profile view: from the side Profile view Floor view Floor view Profile view Front view

42 2.4 Dihedral system Dihedral Rules The front is usually indicated with an arrow The views distribution The front is always on top of the floor The profile is situated the other way round, that is, the left profile is situated on the right front Left profile Right profile front floor floor

43 2.4 Dihedral system Remember: The same height: the object has the same height on the floor and on the profile views The same width: on the front and on the floor views The same depth: on the floor and on the profile views

44 2.4 Dihedral system Exercise: Draw the front, left profile and floor views of the class chair

45 2.4 Dihedral system Exercise: Draw the front, profile floor views of the class chair and

46 2.4 Dihedral system Where do we have to be situated to see these objects like circles?

47 2.4 Dihedral system

48 2.4 Dihedral system Exercise 11: Complete the views of the following objects

49 2.4 Dihedral system Exercise 11: Complete the views of the following objects

50 2.4 Dihedral system Exercise 11: Complete the views of the following objects

51 2.4 Dihedral system Exercise 11: Complete the views of the following objects

52 2.4 Dihedral system Non visible lines: when we know there is a hidden line we have to draw it using a discontinuous line hidden line

53 2.4 Dihedral system Insert video

54 2.4 Dihedral system Activity: draw the front, floor and right profile views of this figure colouring each face in one colour.

55 2.4 Dihedral system Activity: draw the front, floor and left profile views of this figure colouring each face in a different colour.

56 2.4 Dihedral system Exercice: draw the right profile, front and floor views of these objects

57 2.4 Dihedral system

58 2.4 Dihedral system

59 Dimensioning Standardizing is the group of rules that defines technical drawing. For example: For paper size we use the DIN rule: A0,A1,A2 The lines are: Thick continuous lines: are used to outline objects Thick discontinuous lines: indicate hidden lines Thin continuous lines: are used for auxiliary measures and reference lines

60 Dimensioning Dimensions are written on the drawing outside the object. Never write the dimension over the object unless there is no other option.

61 Dimensioning Dimension lines should be 10 mm away from the drawing or another dimension line. Dimension shoud be placed at the centre of the dimension line, but never through the middle of a dimension line. Dimensions can be written: horizontally so that they are parallel to the botton of the page, aligned so that they are parallel to the dimension line.

62 2.5 Marking and standardizing Reference line Measure Dimension line Auxiliary Line

63 2.5 Marking and standardizing Outside thick continuous line Thick discontinuous line for a hidden edge

64 2.5 Marking and standardizing Marking : indicating the real dimensions above the object

65 2.5 Marking and standardizing Activity: draw these views indicating which rules are broken Correct Wrong

66 2.5 Marking and standardizing. Marking follows some rules The measure lines: We place them parallel to the edge and slightly separated They are limited by the auxiliary lines The arrows are thin and enlongated, they go from one side to the other

67 2.5 Marking and standardizing Auxiliary lines We place them perpendicular to the measure lines They cross the measure line a little bit They never cut the measure line

68 2.5 Marking and standardizing Activity: draw these views indicating which rules are broken Correct Wrong

69 2.5 Marking and standardizing The measures: We indicate the real measure in milimetres, but mm is never written They are placed above the measure line, never under it We only use the extrictly necessary measures

70 2.5 Marking and standardizing Activity: draw these views indicating which rules are broken Correct Wrong

71 2.5 Marking and standardizing Activity: Draw the front, left profile and floor views of your pencil marking the measures

72 Let s revise the important terms

73 Unit 2.Drawing applied to technology What are we going to see in this unit? 2.1 Drawing tools and how to use them 2.2 Drafts and sketches 2.3 Drafting scale 2.4 Dihedral system 2.5 Marking and standardizing

74 Vocabulary Paper size Cellulose Clay, graphite, lead Hard and soft pencils Erasers, technical pencil Sixty and forty-five degree rules Sketch, draft, free hand drawing, measures Scale, real and drawn size, reduction, enlargement scales To be reduced 100 times Length, height, width Long, high, wide.