LED Retrofits for CFLs and HID Retrofit or Replace?

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1 LED Retrofits for CFLs and HID Retrofit or Replace? Prepared by Eric Strandberg Fall 2015 Commercial CFL to LED applications. Thousands of opportunities. The knowns, the known unknowns, and the unknown unknowns 1

2 So many choices. Which is right? What does this product need to do? Is it compatible (Will it work)? Electrically Physically Optically Does is save energy Does it save money Are there non-energy benefits Is the source reliable Is this a good fit for a retrofit? 2

3 Compact Fluorescent (CFL) How does the incumbent product perform? Lamp Lumens per Watt = 60 avg. 18watt= 67/54/44 42 watt= 76/64/54 Life=10K 20K Lumen maintenance (1710 to 1440) Variable CCT= Yes CRI= 80+ Control-Ability= Medium (poor optics) First Cost= Low CFL Designed as a replacement for incandescent =?= They are similar in; size, shape, light distribution, light quality. There are some important differences. 3

4 Brightness and size To make a fluorescent lamp brighter you need to make it physically larger. More radiant surface area ~800 lumens 15 watt ~9000 lumens 150 watts Brightness and size This is not strictly the case with LEDs. But there is a relationship, so higher lumen needs, usually result in a larger size. ~500 lumens 6.5 watt ~1100 lumens 11 watts 4

5 Brightness and size This is a technology that is changing rapidly so there can be wide variation in size based on which generation technology is present. This effects lumens per watt (number of LEDs) and thermal management (size of heat sinks) impacting the overall size. Newer technology Older technology There may also be some price indicators as to which generation technology is present CFL Applications Directional and Omni-Directional fixture types 5

6 CFL fixture efficiency 37% CFL fixture efficiency 50% 1800 lumens per lamp x 2 lamps / 50% = 1800 lumens out of the fixture. 26 watt CFL ~65 lumens/ watt. 65 l/w /50% = ~33 luminaire l/w (Still better than the ~10 l/w from incandescent) 6

7 Luminaire lumens Luminaire lumens How are they performing? CFL Drum testing (2) 26 watt at

8 A small sampling of the products Rebranding- Which product is this? 8

9 Testing round 1- Drum Light LED replacement for CFL plug-in. GE s LED plug-in lamps allow you to replace inefficient CFL 4 pin G24q/GX24 without tools or costly upgrades. Simply plug the replacement lamp into the existing ballast. Its supposed to work 9

10 Hummm This one didn t work either :-/ 10

11 There is always some fine print. Will it fit the socket? 11

12 Drum light test results Type CFL- 26 watt LED- A 13(14.5) watt plug in LED- B 9 Did not work LED- C 8.5(10.7) watt plug in LED- B 9(8.1) Rewire LED- E 15(14.6) Rewire LED- F 15(15) Kit How did they look? 12

13 Wall Sconces Solid - Mostly indirect Translucent Mostly omni directional How will different form factors effect; light output, light distribution, and luminaire appearance? The wall sconce testing D A C B E The wall is the floor, the floor is a wall, and the ceiling is a wall 13

14 LED-CFL lamp - Wall Sconce Low Top Side Translucent sconce A B C D E CFL 26(25.8) watt LED side 13(15.4) LED omni8.5(10.7) LED top 13(15) LED side 12(11.6) LED side 9(14.7) LED side 9(8.1) NB LED omni 11(11.2) NB LED omni 15(14.6) NB LED side 11(10.1) NB LED Kit 9.5(8.2) NB NB = No Ballast = rewire. LED-CFL lamp - Wall Sconce Low Top Side Solid sconce A B C D E CFL 26(25.8) watt LED side 13(15.4) LED omni8.5(10.7) LED top 13(15) LED side 12(11.6) LED side 9(14.7) LED side 9(8.1) NB LED omni 11(11.2) NB LED omni 15(14.6) NB LED side 11(10.1) NB LED Kit 9.5(8.2) NB NB = No Ballast = rewire. 14

15 Different lamps have different effects Which is right? Surface fixture retrofit kit 15

16 CFL retrofit kit. Retrofit components 16

17 Sometimes it is best to try one first Omni-directional lamps Some recessed cans are designed for omnidirectional lamps. In this case it is the trim that shapes the light and contributes greatly to the optical properties. = It may not have been such a good idea anyway 17

18 CFL reflector lamps When a relatively large light source is put into a relatively small reflector, (R-30 or PAR 38) then the optics are compromised and, light & heat are trapped. All of these things have a negative effect performance. CFL to LED Retrofit Potentially a great fit Taking an omnidirectional lamp out of a usually marginal optical system and putting in a directional lamp Replacing a 12K hr lamp w/a 50K lamp 26 watt ~= 13 (14.5) watt 18

19 CFL recessed cans may lose 40% of light or more. Recessed CFL efficiency Vertical ~=70% Horizontal ~=60% 19

20 How are they performing? CFL 6 Recesses cans (vertical and horizontal) (1) 26 watt lamp in each type at 9 CFL Vertical Horizontal / / / / /.63 CFL- Recessed cans w/leds Type Vertical CFL 26 watt LED A 13(14.5) watt LED B 12(xxx) watt LED V 11(10.7) watt Type Horizontal CFL 26 watt / / / / /.63 LED a 13(14.5) watt / / / /.63 LED b 12(11.6) watt / / / / / 1.0 Side LED c 8.5(10.7) watt / / / / / 0.8 LED d 9(13.5) watt / / / / / 0.8 LED d 9(8.1) watt (NB) / / / / /1.1 LED e 11(11) watt (NB) / / / / /1.1 LED f 15(14.6) watt (NB) / / /3.2.95/1.9.64/ 1.2 Omni 20

21 CFL-LEDs Lamp Rated Wattage Wattsno ballast (PF) Ballast A- Recessed can SY-QTP 2x26 Ballast B- Wall sconce ES-2/1-QFC Ballast C- Drum light -2 Adv-ICF-2s26 CFL- DTT 26 na 25.8 (.99) 52.4 CFL- 3T 26 na 26.7 (.99) - Na Lunera- V 13 na Na 15.4 (.99) Na Lunera- H 13 Na 13.8 (.99) 15.4 (.99) ~29.2 Philips-IF 8.5 Na 9.7(.98) 10.7 (.99) 18.7 GE-? 12 na 10.7(.98) 11.6 (.99) Did not work Z-Energy (.83) 13.5(.99) 14.9 (.99) Did not work ESL (.84) Did not fit Kobi (.98) Kobi (.98) GreenCreative-V CFL replacement products. Lamps- screw-in Uses existing ballast- stab-in Uses existing sockets 120 volt (rewire) Insert Kit - (module replacement) Complete Kit all electronics replaced Components Lots of in fixture assembly required 21

22 CFL replacement products. Inserts Installs into incandescent fixtures CFL replacement products. Complete Kits Replaces all of the components except the housing. 22

23 Is the light source application effective? Wrong A directional lamp will direct the light out of the fixture Wrong again Just because the source is efficient, doesn t mean it is energy effective. LEDs can be a great alternative to halogen Do the math 13 watt CFL= 900 lumens Savings ~= 4 watts ~= 35 years at 12 hrs/day at 10 cents/ Kwh to reach $52 savings. 152,250 hrs. Product life is 50,000 hrs. What are the non-energy benefits? 23

24 The HID Opportunity 2% of the sockets, 26% of the lighting energy in US Mogul based HID lamps are used in a mere 2% of lamp sockets in the US, but in 2010 HID lamps used 26% of the lighting energy in the United States and are second only to linear fluorescent lamps for lighting consumption. * *Mogul based LED replacement lamp study Conducted by the Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Prepared for Bonneville Power Administration and Washington State University Energy Program What does this product need to do? Is it compatible (Will it work)? Electrically Physically Optically Does is save energy Does it save money Are there non-energy benefits Is the source reliable Is this a good fit for a retrofit? 24

25 PS Metal Halide ( ) How does the incumbent product perform? Lamp Lumens per Watt= 82 avg 100 watt= 90/62/ watt= 102/78/ watt= 115 /90/83 Life= 12K 20K Lumen maintenance (41K to 31K) Variable CCT- Limited CRI Control-Ability= Very limited (except optics) First Cost= Medium Optics- built around a point source Glare control High degree possible High degree needed Distribution High precision possible Infrastructure investment Luminaire efficiency Influences system lumens and delivered light Point source = Metal halide or plasma 25

26 Optics It does make a difference with lighting. Unlike CFLs, HID lighting can utilize refined optical engineering by acting like a point source. Non-point source- Induction and CFL Better suited to decorative or pedestrian lights. Blob O Lite Very little glare control needed, but optically luminaire efficiency is lower and less light delivered to remote locations 26

27 HID to CFL conversions Never were a great idea watt MH ~=19,000 mean lumens Brightness and size This is not strictly the case with LEDs. But there is a relationship, so higher lumen needs, usually result in a larger size. ~760 lumens 7watt ~7800 lumens 75 watts 27

28 Retrofits and Optics Some optical systems are designed for a point source. DIA. = MOL LCL HID to LED MOL & LCL

29 HID to LED conversions Different HID optical systems 29

30 Reflector and lens type Translucent Solid Directional lamp vs omni directional. In some cases it may not matter. 30

31 Directional retrofit for an omnidirectional decorative fixture Sometimes appearance does matter. How are they performing? 31

32 Light delivery- 400 watt MH at A small sampling of the products Standard A19 for scale only 32

33 Pulse start mogul sockets Adjustable reflector. Why? 33

34 How are they performing? High bay aluminum dome at watt MH ~= 31,000 mean lumens 250 watt MH ~= 19,000 mean lumens Product (465) watt PS-MH (250 MH est.) 78 (40) 78 (40) 86 (43) 76 (40) 52 (26) 37 (19) 24 (12) 15 (7.5) 54(55) watt LED 4k Corn (63) watt LED Corn (69) watt LED 5k Corn (158) watt LED Directional fan* 8.5 (5) (131) watt CFL fan 9:1 15:1 11:1 5:1 * 150W LED Retrofit Lamp for replacing HID lamps up to 400W How are they performing? Prism Dome at 12 Product watt Inc clear 60 watt LED 5k corn 75 watt LED 5k corn 50 watt LED direct 150 watt CFL - cooling

35 Do the math. Does this improve the optics? Description Satco 54 Watt Corn Cob LED 5000K 120V-277V 6480 Lumen 80 CRI Mogul (E39) Base Retrofit Bulb (54W/LED/HID/5000K/ V) Replaces 300 watt incandescent, 250 watt HID or 85 watt fluorescent bulbs 300 watt incandescent ~= 5,000+ lumens 250 Metal halide ~= 19,000+ mean lumens 250 Mercury ~= 8,000+ mean lumens How will a retrofit perform? Why are they difficult to model? 35

36 There is a lot of strange lighting out there Exterior is harder, but it also demands more 36

37 Good Optics Puts light where it is needed and not where it is not wanted. This can increase efficiency Minimize light trespass. Minimize light pollution Beware of average foot candles Higher average FC Better uniformity Be sure to look at uniformity ratios. Sometimes the less uniform area will have higher average numbers, because the hot spots (usually under the fixture) are very high. 37

38 Asymmetric exterior- Type II High Pressure 14.6ft B A C N N = Fixture location How are they performing? 38

39 How are they performing? 150 watt HPS in Cobra head at Fixture location at Cobra heads Side nadir Ratio 150 HPS :1 60 watt Corn (2013) :1 54 watt Corn (2015) :1 95 watt directional (2014) :1 Angle nadir Ratio 150 HPS :1 60 watt Corn (2013) :1 54 watt Corn (2015) :1 95 watt directional (2014) :1 Front nadir Ratio 150 HPS :1 60 watt Corn (2013) :1 54 watt Corn (2015) :1 95 watt directional (2014) :1 Maybe the incumbent lighting can be improved on By using a new fixture 39

40 Lighting power distribution of some common exterior sources What can this replace? 40

41 Can this replace what I have? Standard incandescent = 23,500+ lumens Metal halide ~= 80,000+ mean lumens What does this product need to do? Is it compatible (Will it work) -Electrically- Is the existing ballast compatible. Does it need to dim. -Physically- Will it actually fit. Can the heat be dissipated. -Optically- Is it putting light where it is needed. Does is save energy- Will it deliver appropriate light quantity. Does it save money- What are the first costs, are there rebates available. Are there non-energy benefits- I there any maintenance savings. Is the light quality improved. Is the source reliable- Will there be the quantities that are needed. Is the warrantee sound. Is this a good fit for a retrofit.- Are the fixtures worn out. Are the fixtures still appropriate. 41

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