Traditional lighting technologies
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1
2 Traditional lighting technologies
3 Traditional lighting technologies
4 Traditional lighting technologies Incandescent (filament) lamps i n Incandescent lamps n Halogen lamps
5 Traditional lighting technologies Incandescent (filament) lamps Discharge lamps (Fluorescent) i n Incandescent lamps n Halogen lamps i n Linear Fluorescent Lamps (LFL) n Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL)
6 Traditional lighting technologies Incandescent (filament) lamps Discharge lamps (Fluorescent) High Intensity Discharge (HID) lamps i i i n Incandescent lamps n Halogen lamps n Linear Fluorescent Lamps (LFL) n Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL) n High Pressure Mercury Vapour n High Pressure Sodium (HPS) n Metal Halide (QMH/CMH) n Low Pressure Sodium (SOX)
7 Incandescent (filament) lamps n Incandescent lamps n Halogen lamps
8 Incandescent Incandescent lamps Incandescent lamps generate light when an electric current is passed through a thin tungsten filament, causing it to heat until it glows white.
9 Incandescent Incandescent lamps Incandescent lamps generate light when an electric current is passed through a thin tungsten filament, causing it to heat until it glows white. Bulb filling gas filament filament support lead wire edison cap
10 Incandescent Incandescent lamps TYPICAL Characteristics n Outstanding colour rendering (CRI 100) n Inefficient most energy is turned into heat, not light n Gradual blackening caused by tungsten evaporating from the filament
11 Incandescent Incandescent lamps TYPICAL Characteristics n Outstanding colour rendering (CRI 100) n Inefficient most energy is turned into heat, not light n Gradual blackening caused by tungsten evaporating from the filament i Technology phase out Their relative inefficiency has resulted in the phasing out of most conventional incandescent lamps.
12 Incandescent Halogen lamps Halogen lamps (aka Quartz Halogen / Tungsten Halogen lamps) are also incandescent but the filament is surrounded with halogen gas (e.g. iodine or bromine). This extends lamp life and prevents lamp blackening by depositing evaporated atoms back on the filament. Halogen bulbs are available in two types: mains voltage and low voltage (the latter requiring a transformer).
13 Incandescent Halogen lamps Halogen lamps (aka Quartz Halogen / Tungsten Halogen lamps) are also incandescent but the filament is surrounded with halogen gas (e.g. iodine or bromine). This extends lamp life and prevents lamp blackening by depositing evaporated atoms back on the filament. HALOGEN GAS TUNGSTEN FILAMENT QUARTZ CAPSULE Halogen bulbs are available in two types: mains voltage and low voltage (the latter requiring a transformer).
14 Incandescent Halogen lamps TYPICAL Characteristics n Bright white light, improved colour temperature compared with incandescent n Improved efficacy (up to 43% energy saving) n outstanding colour rendering (CRI 100) n Significantly longer life than incandescent
15 Incandescent Halogen lamps TYPICAL Characteristics n Bright white light, improved colour temperature compared with incandescent n Improved efficacy (up to 43% energy saving) n outstanding colour rendering (CRI 100) n Significantly longer life than incandescent i Technology phase out Regulation is leading to the phase out of mains voltage halogen reflector lamps and all but the most efficient low voltage halogen reflector lamps
16 Discharge lamps (fluorescent) n Linear Fluorescent Lamps (LFL) n Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL)
17 Discharge lamps (fluorescent) A fluorescent lamp consists of a glass tube with two electrodes. Electric current passes in an arc through an inert gas in the tube. The resulting heat vaporises tiny drops of mercury, producing ultraviolet light. This is converted into visible light by a phosphor coating inside the tube. Fluorescent lamps require a ballast. This heats the electrodes to a temperature needed to establish an arc. It then regulates the flow of power at the proper level.
18 Discharge lamps (fluorescent) A fluorescent lamp consists of a glass tube with two electrodes. Electric current passes in an arc through an inert gas in the tube. The resulting heat vaporises tiny drops of mercury, producing ultraviolet light. This is converted into visible light by a phosphor coating inside the tube. Fluorescent lamps require a ballast. This heats the electrodes to a temperature needed to establish an arc. It then regulates the flow of power at the proper level. electrodes arc tube gas filling ARC chemical dose
19 DISCHARGE Linear Fluorescent Lamps LFLs are energy-efficient, low pressure discharge lamps. Typical characteristics n Energy efficient ( LPW) n Long lasting (5,000-30,000 hrs) n wide choice of colour temperatures ( K) to suit different applications
20 DISCHARGE Linear Fluorescent Lamps LFLs are energy-efficient, low pressure discharge lamps. Typical characteristics n Energy efficient ( LPW) n Long lasting (5,000-30,000 hrs) n wide choice of colour temperatures ( K) to suit different applications i TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Used for every kind of indoor application including office, retail, hospitality, education and industry
21 DISCHARGE Compact Fluorescent Lamps CFLs are small diameter fluorescent lamps. Their design enables the electrical connections to be located at one end of the lamp Typical characteristics n Significant energy saving vs. traditional incandescent n Good efficacy (40-70 LPW) n Long life 4,000-20,000 hrs
22 DISCHARGE Compact Fluorescent Lamps They are available in two forms:
23 DISCHARGE Compact Fluorescent Lamps They are available in two forms: 1. Integrated CFLs n Ballast is built into the lamp n Wide range of sizes, shapes (e.g. spiral, stick, decorative) and caps n Efficient, high quality, low energy replacement for incandescent lamps across most applications. n Flicker-free, instant-on light with fast warm-up n Suitable for home, office, retail and hospitality
24 DISCHARGE Compact Fluorescent Lamps They are available in two forms: 2. Plug-in CFLs n Ballast is separate from the lamp n Lamps plug-in to the fixture via a 2 or 4 pin connection n Solutions for specific needs: energy efficiency / extended life / quick-start / dimmability n Suitable for offices, hospitality, retail and more
25 High Intensity Discharge (HID) lamps n High Pressure Mercury Vapour n High Pressure Sodium (HPS) n Metal Halide (QMH/CMH) n Low Pressure Sodium (SOX)
26 High-Intensity Discharge (HID) lamps HID lamps work on process similar to that of fluorescent lamps, except that the light comes from the arc itself. The arc is created in a compact tube that contains either mercury, sodium or metal halides (gases). This tube is contained within an outer layer which: n stabilises and maintains the temperature around the arc tube n absorbs the UV radiation coming from the arc
27 High-Intensity Discharge (HID) lamps HID lamps work on process similar to that of fluorescent lamps, except that the light comes from the arc itself. The arc is created in a compact tube that contains either mercury, sodium or metal halides (gases). This tube is contained within an outer layer which: n stabilises and maintains the temperature around the arc tube n absorbs the UV radiation coming from the arc ELECTRODE ARC TUBE ELECTRODE OUTER BULB
28 High-Intensity Discharge (HID) lamps Typical characteristics n Intense bright light n Long life n Extremely energy efficient n Delay between switch on and full illumination (non-instant)
29 High-Intensity Discharge (HID) lamps Typical characteristics n Intense bright light n Long life n Extremely energy efficient n Delay between switch on and full illumination (non-instant) i TYPICAL APPLICATIONS n retail and display n roadway n Sports and floodlighting n High bay and industrial
30 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE High Pressure Mercury Vapour lamps At the heart of the lamp is a quartz arc tube with a tungsten electrode at either end, plus a starting electrode that initiates ionisation of the gas filling. The tube contains mercury and argon gas. The gas carries the discharge while the lamp warms up, producing heat to vaporise the mercury.
31 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE High Pressure Mercury Vapour lamps At the heart of the lamp is a quartz arc tube with a tungsten electrode at either end, plus a starting electrode that initiates ionisation of the gas filling. The tube contains mercury and argon gas. The gas carries the discharge while the lamp warms up, producing heat to vaporise the mercury. PHOSPHOR COATING NITROGEN FILLING ARGON & MERCURY arc tube MAIN ELECTRODE STARTING ELECTRODE RESISTOR
32 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE High Pressure Mercury Vapour lamps As well as creating visible light, mercury vapour also produces large amounts of UV radiation. This is converted into visible light by a coating of phosphor inside the outer bulb. PHOSPHOR COATING NITROGEN FILLING ARGON & MERCURY arc tube i The first HID lamp was a high pressure mercury lamp, introduced by GE in MAIN ELECTRODE STARTING ELECTRODE RESISTOR
33 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE High Pressure Mercury Vapour lamps TYPICAL Characteristics n Long life (12,000-24,000 hrs) n Low operating costs n Acceptable colour rendering CRI 60
34 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE High Pressure Mercury Vapour lamps TYPICAL Characteristics n Long life (12,000-24,000 hrs) n Low operating costs n Acceptable colour rendering CRI 60 i TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Suitable for outdoor/industrial applications requiring intense lighting such as roads, tunnels, streets and car parks.
35 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamps Light is produced by an electrical discharge through sodium vapour operating at relatively high pressures and temperatures. Instead of using a third electrode like Mercury lamps, HPS lamps feature an ignitor that delivers a high voltage pulse. HPS lamps also use a ceramic arc tube suitable for use with sodium at temperatures up to 1300 C.
36 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamps Light is produced by an electrical discharge through sodium vapour operating at relatively high pressures and temperatures. OUTER BULB arc tube cap Instead of using a third electrode like Mercury lamps, HPS lamps feature an ignitor that delivers a high voltage pulse. HPS lamps also use a ceramic arc tube suitable for use with sodium at temperatures up to 1300 C.
37 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamps Light is produced by an electrical discharge through sodium vapour operating at relatively high pressures and temperatures. OUTER BULB arc tube cap Instead of using a third electrode like Mercury lamps, HPS lamps feature an ignitor that delivers a high voltage pulse. HPS lamps also use a ceramic arc tube suitable for use with sodium at temperatures up to 1300 C. SEALING THE ENDS ELECTRODE
38 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamps TYPICAL Characteristics n Extremely long life (12,000-55,000 hrs) n Highly reliable n Excellent efficacy ( LPW) n Poor colour rendering
39 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamps TYPICAL Characteristics n Extremely long life (12,000-55,000 hrs) n Highly reliable n Excellent efficacy ( LPW) n Poor colour rendering i TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Suitable for outdoor/industrial applications, including floodlighting, tunnels / bridges, security lighting, high posts and other hard to access places.
40 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE Metal Halide lamps Metal Halide lamps operate on the same general principles as mercury lamps and are composed of the same parts except the starting electrode. Light is produced via an electric arc in a mixture of vaporised mercury and metal halides contained in either a quartz or, more recently, ceramic arc tube. The addition of metal halides radiates more light than mercury alone and improves the colour characteristics.
41 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE Metal Halide lamps Metal Halide lamps operate on the same general principles as mercury lamps and are composed of the same parts except the starting electrode. Light is produced via an electric arc in a mixture of vaporised mercury and metal halides contained in either a quartz or, more recently, ceramic arc tube. outer bulb QUARTZ ARC TUBE arc The addition of metal halides radiates more light than mercury alone and improves the colour characteristics. cap
42 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE Metal Halide lamps Typical characteristics n Superb colour rendition CRI 90+ (CMH) n Energy efficient up to 4.5x better than halogen n Good efficacy LPW n long lasting
43 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE Metal Halide lamps Typical characteristics n Superb colour rendition CRI 90+ (CMH) n Energy efficient up to 4.5x better than halogen n Good efficacy LPW n long lasting i TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Ideal for colour-critical retail environment and outdoor applications requiring bright white light and energy efficiency.
44 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE QMH/CMH lamps Traditional Quartz Metal Halide (QMH) lamps use an arc tube made of quartz glass. Ceramic Metal Halide (CMH) lamps use an arc tube made of alumina ceramic (like HPS lamps). This enables higher arc tube temperatures, delivering: n outstanding colour rendition n Enhanced efficiency n Long life up to 24,000 hrs
45 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE QMH/CMH lamps Traditional Quartz Metal Halide (QMH) lamps use an arc tube made of quartz glass. Ceramic Metal Halide (CMH) lamps use an arc tube made of alumina ceramic (like HPS lamps). This enables higher arc tube temperatures, delivering: n outstanding colour rendition n Enhanced efficiency n Long life up to 24,000 hrs i TYPICAL APPLICATIONS CMH lamps are ideal for: n retail lighting n street/city lighting n architectural lighting
46 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE Low Pressure Sodium (SOX) lamps These lamps feature a low pressure sodium discharge system operating in a U-shaped arc tube. The arc tube is mounted in a tubular outer bulb. SOX lamps produce a monochromatic yellow light colour rendering is non-existent.
47 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE Low Pressure Sodium (SOX) lamps These lamps feature a low pressure sodium discharge system operating in a U-shaped arc tube. The arc tube is mounted in a tubular outer bulb. SOX lamps produce a monochromatic yellow light colour rendering is non-existent. caption stem INDIUM OXIDE VACUUM TOP SUPPORT mica disc
48 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE Low Pressure Sodium (SOX) lamps These lamps feature a low pressure sodium discharge system operating in a U-shaped arc tube. The arc tube is mounted in a tubular outer bulb. caption stem INDIUM OXIDE VACUUM TOP SUPPORT mica disc SOX lamps produce a monochromatic yellow light colour rendering is non-existent. solder barium getter cathode discharge tube sodium metal disc
49 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE Low Pressure Sodium (SOX) lamps Typical characteristics n Highest efficiency technology up to 198 LPW n Long life 16,000 hrs n excellent lumen maintenance n yellow light
50 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE Low Pressure Sodium (SOX) lamps Typical characteristics n Highest efficiency technology up to 198 LPW n Long life 16,000 hrs n excellent lumen maintenance n yellow light i TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Suitable for applications where energy efficiency is important but colour rendering is not required, e.g. security lighting, tunnels, subways, airports, docks etc.
51 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE HID at a glance Mercury HPS QMH CMH SOX Best Good
52 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE HID at a glance LPW (efficacy) Mercury HPS QMH CMH SOX Best Good
53 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE HID at a glance LPW (efficacy) Rated life Mercury HPS QMH CMH SOX Best Good
54 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE HID at a glance LPW (efficacy) Rated life Colour rendering Mercury HPS QMH CMH SOX Best Good
55 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE HID at a glance LPW (efficacy) Rated life Colour rendering Lumen maintenance Mercury HPS QMH CMH SOX Best Good
56 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE HID at a glance LPW (efficacy) Rated life Colour rendering Lumen maintenance Mercury HPS QMH CMH SOX Best Good
57 Technology summary: incandescent Incandescent Pros Outstanding colour rendering Easy to use/replace Cons Inefficient Short lamp life Obsolete (specialist applications only)
58 Technology summary: incandescent Incandescent Pros Outstanding colour rendering Easy to use/replace Cons Inefficient Short lamp life Obsolete (specialist applications only) Halogen Pros Outstanding colour rendering Instant-on, instant full light Up to 43% energy saving vs incandescent Brighter, longer lasting than incandescent Cons High surface temperature More efficient technologies available Mains power lamps being phased out
59 Technology summary: discharge Fluorescent Pros Energy efficient Long lamp life Wide choice of lamps Cons Ballast required Contain mercury
60 Technology summary: discharge Fluorescent Pros Energy efficient Long lamp life Wide choice of lamps Cons Ballast required Contain mercury Compact Fluorescent Pros Compact design Wide choice of lamps Direct replacement of incandescent integrated models Economical replacement plug-in models (no need to replace ballast) Cons Relatively expensive Short cycles impact on lamp life Contain mercury
61 Technology summary: HID Mercury vapour Pros Intense white light Good lamp life CONS Warm-up time poor lumen maintenance
62 Technology summary: HID Mercury vapour Pros Intense white light Good lamp life CONS Warm-up time poor lumen maintenance High Pressure Sodium Pros Outstanding efficacy Extremely long lamp life CONS Poor colour rendering Warm-up time
63 Technology summary: HID Mercury vapour Pros Intense white light Good lamp life CONS Warm-up time poor lumen maintenance High Pressure Sodium Pros Outstanding efficacy Extremely long lamp life CONS Poor colour rendering Warm-up time Metal Halide Pros Excellent colour rendition Long lasting Energy efficient CONS Warm-up time
64 Technology summary: HID Mercury vapour High Pressure Sodium Metal Halide Low Pressure Sodium Pros Intense white light Good lamp life CONS Warm-up time poor lumen maintenance Pros Outstanding efficacy Extremely long lamp life CONS Poor colour rendering Warm-up time Pros Excellent colour rendition Long lasting Energy efficient CONS Warm-up time Pros Highest efficiency lamp CONS Non-existent colour rendering
65 Questions?
66 Which form of lighting has a CRI of 100? Halogen Compact Fluorescent Metal Halide Low Pressure Sodium
67 Which form of lighting has a CRI of 100? Halogen Compact Fluorescent Metal Halide Low Pressure Sodium
68 What is the coating on the inside of a fluorescent lamp that causes it to glow? Quartz Metal Halide Mercury Tungsten Phosphor
69 What is the coating on the inside of a fluorescent lamp that causes it to glow? 7 Quartz Metal Halide 7 7 Mercury Tungsten Phosphor
70 Which form of lighting has a rated life of up to 55,000 hrs? Linear Fluorescent High Pressure Sodium Quartz Metal Halide Low Pressure Sodium
71 Which form of lighting has a rated life of up to 55,000 hrs? 7 Linear Fluorescent High Pressure Sodium 7 7 Quartz Metal Halide Low Pressure Sodium
72 GE introduced the first HID lamp in 1934 what type was it? Compact Fluorescent Ceramic Metal Halide Low Pressure Sodium Mercury Vapour
73 GE introduced the first HID lamp in 1934 what type was it? 7 Compact Fluorescent 7 7 Ceramic Metal Halide Low Pressure Sodium Mercury Vapour
74 Which form of HID lighting offers the best colour rendering (CRI 90+)? Ceramic Metal Halide HPS Compact Fluorescent Mercury Vapour
75 Which form of HID lighting offers the best colour rendering (CRI 90+)? Ceramic Metal Halide HPS Compact Fluorescent Mercury Vapour
76 Thank you
77 Thank you esc Please press the Escape key on your keyboard to exit the presentation
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