Effect of Salt Concentration on Rubbing and Wash Fastness of Dyed Woven and Knitted Fabrics

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1 Daffodil International University Institutional Repository DIU Journal of Science and Technology Volume 11, Issue 1, January Effect of Concentration on Rubbing and Wash Fastness of Dyed and Knitted s Iqbal, Md. Asib Downloaded from Copyright Daffodil International University Library

2 DAFFODIL INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME 11, ISSUE 1, JANUARY EFFECT OF SALT CONCENTRATION ON RUBBING AND WASH FASTNESS OF DYED WOVEN AND KNITTED FABRICS Md. Asib Iqbal 1, Nazmina Chowdhury 2, Md. Minhajj uddin jubayer 3, Md. Taher Ali 4, Imran Khan Emon 5 1 Pilot Plant and Processing Division 2 Jute and Textile product development center 3 The Peoples University of Bangladesh 4 Atish Dipankar University of Science & technology 5 Bangladesh Jute Research Institute. asib.iqbal29@gmail.com Abstract: 100% cotton single jersey, Rib, Plain and Twill fabric were dyed with same shade% and fastness was observed, from the overall comparison, the effect of different construction and salt concentration was best for single jersey. treatment technologies are frequently applied in textile processing for the modification of fabric handle appearance and other surface characteristics in regard to cotton fabrics. The purpose of this paper is to understand the impact of salt treatments on different fabric preparation, dyeing, and finishing processes of knitted and woven fabrics. After every fastness treatments, single jersey fabrics show their best properties. Most of the cases we observed higher concentration of salt give more fastness ratings.. Keywords: sodium chloride, Fastness, rubbing, scoured and bleached,. 1. Introduction There are two major varieties of knit fabric: weft-knit and warp-knit fabrics. [1] The words fabric and cloth are used in textile assembly trades (such as tailoring and dressmaking) as synonyms for textile. However, there are subtle differences in these terms in specialized usage. Textile refers to any material made of interlacing fibres. refers to any material made through weaving, knitting, spreading, crocheting, or bonding that may be used in production of further goods (garments, etc.). is a knit fabric used predominantly for clothing manufacture. It was originally made of wool, but is now made of wool, cotton, andsynthetic fibres. Since medieval times, Channel Islands, where the material was first produced, had been an important exporter of knitted goods [2] Clothing is generally made of cloth. There are many different types of cloth, with different names and uses. Main differences between types of cloth include how the cloth was made (woven, knitted, felted, and how those techniques were implemented), what fiber it was made from, and what weight the cloth is. Different types of cloth are used for different types of clothing. A balanced plain weave can be identified by its checkerboardlike appearance. It is also known as one-upone-down weave or over and under pattern. [3] Twill is a type of textile weave with a pattern of diagonal parallel ribs (in contrast with a satin and plain weave). This is done by passing the weft thread over one or more warp threads and then under two or more warp threads and so on, with a "step" or offset between rows to create the characteristic diagonal pattern. [4] is mostly sodium chloride, the ionic compound with the formula NaCl, representing equal proportions of sodium and chlorine. Sea saltand freshly mined salt (much of which is sea salt from prehistoric seas) also contain small amounts of trace elements (which in these small amounts are generally good for plant and animal health). Mined salt is often refined in the production of table salt; it is dissolved in water, purified via precipitation of other minerals out of solution, and reevaporated. During this same refining process it is often also iodized. crystals are translucent and cubic in shape; they normally appear white but impurities may give them a blue or purple tinge. The molar mass of salt is Date of submission : Date of acceptance :

20 EFFECT OF SALT CONCENTRATION ON RUBBING AND WASH FASTNESS OF DYED WOVEN AND KNITTED FABRICS 58.443 g/mol, its melting point is 801 C (1,474 F) and its boiling point 1,465 C (2,669 F).

3 20 EFFECT OF SALT CONCENTRATION ON RUBBING AND WASH FASTNESS OF DYED WOVEN AND KNITTED FABRICS g/mol, its melting point is 801 C (1,474 F) and its boiling point 1,465 C (2,669 F). Its density is 2.17 grams per cubic centimetre and it is readily soluble in water. When dissolved in water it separates into Na + and Cl ions and the solubility is 359 grams per litre. [5] The harvest of salt from the surface of Xiechi Lake near Yuncheng in Shanxi, China, dates back to at least 6000 BC, making it one of the oldest verifiable saltworks. [6] Colour fastness is a term used in the dyeing of textile materials, meaning resistance of the material's colour to fading or running. The term is usually used in the context of clothes. The first known use of the word colorfast was in [7] In textile manufacturing, finishing refers to the processes that convert the woven or knitted cloth into a usable material and more specifically to any process performed after dyeing the yarn or fabric to improve the look, performance, or "hand" (feel) of the finished textile or clothing. [8] 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. s: 100% cotton single jersey, Rib, Plain and Twill fabric. 2.4 Recipe Typical Recipe: Quantity Dyes 1% Sequestering agent 2.0 gm/l Glauber 30 gm/l Soda 10 gm/l M:L 1:10 Time : 60 min Time : 60 min Temperature Acetic acid Table 2.5 Fastness grade Fastness grade Fastness Quality (50-55) C 1cc/lit Staining Grade-1 Very poor Deep staining Grade-2 Poor Significant staining Grade-3 Fair Moderate staining Grade-4 Good Very slight staining Grade-5 Excellent No Staining Very little change has occurred in fastness rating due to variation of salt concentration Collection of Dyes and Chemicals Chemicals were collected from Matex Internationals Ltd Experimental Procedure At first, 100% cotton single jersey, rib, plain and twill fabric scoured and bleached fabric was taken into dye bath and treated with required chemical such as detergent 1 gm/l, acetic acid 1cc/lit, sequestering agent2.5 gm/l prepared solution for enzyme (1% on the weight of fabric) wash and water was added to it. Bath was kept at (40-50) C temperature for (30-40) minutes and all the chemicals along with the material were added to it. Then the bath was kept for 30 min-40 min without raising the temperature. P H of bath is controlled by acetic acid at After dyeing the fabric was neutralized and softened and at the same time hot rinse and cold rinse as well as after treated with detergent and required chemicals. At last we determine wash fastness, dry rubbing and wet rubbing variation. Figure 3.4: Grey scales for staining 3. s and Discussion Table 3.1 Analysis of variation of dry rubbing Concent ration Range

4 DAFFODIL INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME 11, ISSUE 1, JANUARY Single 08 Single 09 Single 10 Rib ( 11 Rib ( 12 Rib ( Table 3.2 analysis of variation of wash fastness 07 Single 8 Single 09 Single 10 Rib ( 11 Rib ( 12 Rib ( Concen tration Rang e /5 /5 /5 Table 3.3 Analysis of variation of wet rubbing Sampl e Concentr ation Range 07 Single 08 Single Single /5 10 Rib ( 11 Rib ( 12 Rib ( /5 In case of table no. 3.1 we found the result of Plain is respectively 3/4, 4, and 4 for Twill is respectively 3/4, 3/4, and 3/4 for Single is 4, 3/4, 3/4 and Rib (1*1) is 3/4, 3, 3/4. In case of table no. 3.2 we found the result of Plain is respectively 4/5, 4/5 and 4/5 for Twill is respectively 4/5, 4/5 and 4/5 for Single is 4/5, 4/5 and 4/5 and for Rib (1*1) is 4, 4/5, 4. In case of table no. 3.3 we found the result of Plain is respectively 3/4, 3/4 and 4 for Twill is respectively 4, 3/4 and 4 for Single is 4/5, 4 and 4/5 and Rib (1*1) is 4/5, 3/4, 4/5. 4. Conclusion From all condition, the effect of fastness due to variation of salt is remarkably increased. plays an important role in case of dyeing because it attracts fibre with cellulose and the result is best for single jersey fabric. We know salt reduces the solubility of the dye, which is probably why it results in somewhat different effects in the uneven coloration that results from the constriction of the fabric by the small size of the container it's in. Adding salt to low water immersion dyeing can increase the crystal-like patterns produced by this method of dyeing.

22 EFFECT OF SALT CONCENTRATION ON RUBBING AND WASH FASTNESS OF DYED WOVEN AND KNITTED FABRICS References [1] "Knitting Basics". Alamac American Knits LLC. 2004. Retrieved 2006-12-27.

5 22 EFFECT OF SALT CONCENTRATION ON RUBBING AND WASH FASTNESS OF DYED WOVEN AND KNITTED FABRICS References [1] "Knitting Basics". Alamac American Knits LLC Retrieved [2] "Knitting Basics". Alamac American Knits LLC Retrieved [3] Kadolph, Textiles, p [4] Oelsner, Gustaf Hermann (1915) [1911]. A Handbook of Weaves. New York: Macmillan. p. 16. OCLC Retrieved 1 February [5] Wood, Frank Osborne; Ralston, Robert H. " (NaCl)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 16 October [6]. Kurlansky 2002, pp [7] "colorfast". Retrieved December 1, [8] Collier 1970, p. 154 and Jump up^ Kadolph, pp Md. Asib Iqbal is working as a scientific officer of Pilot Plant and Processing Division, Manik Mia Avenue, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka He is engaged in research and development activities due to variation of salt concentration during Jute dyeing and on stenter machine. He has obtained B.Sc in Textile degree from Bangladesh university of Textile.

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