Cover Page. The handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation

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1 Cover Page The handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation Author: García, Diaz V. Title: The domestic sphere of the Corded Ware Culture: a functional analysis of the domestic implements of three Dutch settlements Issue Date:

2 THE DOMESTIC SPHERE OF THE CORDED WARE CULTURE. A functional analysis of the domestic implements of three Dutch settlements Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof.mr. C.J.J.M. Stolker, volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties te verdedigen op donderdag 23 Februari 2017 klokke 13:45 uur door Virginia García-Díaz geboren te Genève in 1981 II

3 Promotiecomissie Promotor Prof. dr. A. L. Van Gijn Co-promotor Dr. C. Tsoraki Overige leden: Prof. H. Fokkens, Leiden University Prof. S. Beyries, CNRS-CEPAM Prof. D.C.M. Raemaekers, University of Groningen III

4 Contents 1. The enigmatic Corded Ware Culture The Corded Ware Culture: The state of affairs The European Corded Ware society: General characteristics The NWO-Odyssee project: Unlocking Noord-Holland s 6 Late Neolithic Treasure Chest Introduction Aims of the project, sample, methodology, the team 6 and research questions Research questions of the current thesis The structure of the thesis The domestic Corded Ware Culture in Europe and 13 the Netherlands: An overview 2.1 Introduction Domestic contexts in European Corded Ware Culture The Corded Ware Culture in the Netherlands The chronology of the Corded Ware Culture in the 18 Netherlands and the history of the research The discovery of Corded Ware Culture settlements 21 in the Netherlands Corded Ware settlements of the coastal barriers 25 and older dunes areas Corded Ware settlements of the central river district Corded Ware settlements of the northern, central 26 and southern Dutch Pleistocene areas IV

5 2.3.6 Corded Ware settlements of the tidal area: 28 the province of Noord-Holland Depositions in the Netherlands Burials: Barrows and flat graves Conclusions Theory and methods Introduction Knowledge, narratives and learning processes Landscape Craft production systems The study of tools in archaeology Typology, technology and chaîne opératoire Typology and functionality: form vs. function Towards an understanding of the tools of the domestic 52 Corded Ware settlements: Methodology, datasets and sampled materials Raw material identification Flint Stone Bone Technology and typology Flint Stone Bone Amber 61 V

6 3.6.3 Use-wear analysis History of the methodology Use-wear analysis in the context of the Single 64 Grave Culture Use-wear recording Experiments Conclusions Keinsmerbrug The site The material analysed Flint, stone and amber procurement network Techno-typological analysis of the flint, stone 84 and amber implements Flint Stone implements Amber The use of the domestic implements at Keinsmerbrug Flint Plant processing and woodworking Animal resources Mineral resources Unknown materials Hafting traces Stone Amber 96 VI

7 4.6 The spatial distribution of flint, stone and 97 amber implements at Keinsmerbrug 4.7 Conclusion: Group composition and site function Mienakker The site The material analysed Flint, stone, bone and amber procurement networks Flint Stone Amber Bone Flint: Technology, typology and use Typology and technology The use of flint artefacts Plant processing and woodworking Animal resources Mineral resources Unknown materials and hafting traces Stone tool technology, typology and use Bones: Typology and use Bone tool typology and technology Use-wear analysis on bone implements The Mienakker amber The domestic space at Mienakker: the spatial distribution 149 VII

8 of flint, stone and bone implements and amber ornaments 5.10 Conclusion: Group composition and site function Zeewijk The site Materials analysed Raw material procurement network Flint Stone Worked bone Amber and jet Flint typology and technology Cores, pebbles and blocks Flakes Blades Waste and splinters Others The use of flint implements Animal material Plant material Inorganic material Hafting traces Undetermined material Stone technology and typology Stone use 188 VIII

9 6.7.1 Animal material Plant resources Unspecified resources Bone technology and typology Bone use Amber: Technology and typology The use of amber The spatial distribution of flint, stone and bone 203 implements and amber ornaments: The use of the space at Zeewijk 6.13 Conclusion: Group composition and site function The domestic implements of the Corded Ware Culture: 208 An overview 7.1 Flint, stone, bone and amber procurement networks Knowledge as praxis: Techno-typological analysis of 214 the flint, stone and bone implements and amber ornaments Flint Stone Bones Domestic activities at the Corded Ware settlements Tools to make tools The use of vegetal resources The use of plants as a food source The use of plants as equipment and 228 construction material IX

10 7.3.3 Animal resources Animals as a food source The use of animal resources as equipment and for the production of other implements The selection of flint tools for functional purposes Conclusions The settlement implements during the fourth 242 and third millennia BC 8.1 Introduction TRB group Flint, stone and amber procurement network Techno-typological analysis of the flint, 246 stone and amber implements The use of the tools during the TRB period Settlement tools as identity markers: The TRB flint Vlaardingen Flint, stone, amber, jet and bone procurement networks Techno-typological analysis of the flint, stone and bone 257 implements and jet and amber ornaments The use of tools in the Vlaardingen Culture The role of flint, stone and bone implements 264 in the Vlaardingen Culture 8.4 The Corded Ware Culture as a local development: the role of 265 Vlaardingen and TRB groups as generators of knowledge X

11 9. Conclusions The perception and appropriation of the landscape Knowledge, continuity and group composition Chaînes opératoires and cross-craft interaction Form vs function The function of Corded Ware settlements Contribution to technological studies and future research 277 References 280 List of Figures 339 List of Tables 346 Appendix 351 Samenvatting 352 Credits 356 Acknowledgments 357 Curriculum vitae 359 XI