EFFICIENT GARBAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Transcription

1 EFFICIENT GARBAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 1 PUSHPAK BHANDARI, 2 LAKHAN LAMBA, 3 MAHESH RODE, 4 ISHWAR GORDE Department of Computer Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune pushpak.bhandari@gmail.com 1,lakhanlamba@gmail.com 2, maheshrode12345@gmail.com 3, gordeishwar@gmail.com 4 Abstract In many places, Dustbins are not cleaned at proper time this leads to different kinds of diseases, large number of insects and mosquitos, Waste management becomes an big issue. To avoid such situation we are planning to design Internet of Things (IoT) based Efficient Garbage Management System the concept in which surrounding objects are connected to Internet with wired or wireless network without any user interference. In this paper, we will describe smart dustbin based on Arduino Uno board which is interfaced with GPS modem and Ultrasonic sensor place on smart dustbin which will measure the status of the dustbin. When the level reaches to the threshold limit, the device will inform to the concern authority and immediate action to be made to clean the dustbins. We are using Google API to find optimal path for garbage collecting vehicles. Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), Arduino Uno, Ultrasonic sensor, Smart android device, GPS Modem 1. INTRODUCTION TO IoT Communication of the devices connected to an internet enabled network constitutes what is called ' Internet of Things'.The activity of sensing, communicating, networking and producing new information are the basic key features of Internet of Things (lot). It is the state of ever-growing network of physical objects which features internet connectivity over IP address, and the communication that occurs between these objects and other network connected devices and systems. The Internet of Things conceptually embodies intelligent visions of automating the day to day activities. Ideally, IoT will optimize our future routines with intelligent and robust systems that will make our life not only easily but also fast based upon our preferences and priorities like morning alarms, coffee timing, medicine uptake etc. Its vast applications will make our travel arrangements intelligently, by giving frequent updates on- minute and weather data. Our workflows will be smooth and refined, tasks will be prioritized based upon what is happening throughout our organization. It will help us maintain our appliances and vehicles, by notifying us about their maintenance and cleaning or - in the case of our lighting controls - automatic shutdown (based upon the usage and real time presence). It will enable our vehicles to communicate with other vehicles so as to maintain proper synchronization of traffic and tracking solutions. It will regulate our heaters, AC, and other home appliances and devices, to intelligently take decisions as we enter and exit rooms and based upon our usage level. In short, IoT has the power to meet our every need before we even need realize what we want and will need. Interconnectedness and automation is the real power of Lot solutions. IoT has not only made our lives easier but also has lots of potential to drive economic value and social change. But still, 85% of things still are unconnected and a security threat pervasive, for which industry has yet to conquer the real potential of IoT. Automation is defined as "the creation and usage of technology to inspect and control the production and distribution of products and services." Solid waste management is a big challenge in urban areas for most of the countries throughout the world. An efficient waste management is a pre requisition for maintain a safe and green environment as there are increasing all kinds of waste disposal. There are many technologies are used for waste collection as well as for well managed recycling. The Information gathering is big and cumbersome. The concurrent effects of a fast national growth rate, of a large and dense residential area and a pressing demand for urban environmental protection create a challenging 181

2 framework for waste management. The complexity of context and procedures is indeed a primary concern of local municipal authorities due to problems related to the collection, transportation and processing of residential solid waste today the garbage collection is manual which takes a lot of efforts and is time consuming. It is comprehensive logistics solution that saves time, money and the environment. It uses sensors to measure and forecast the fill level of waste containers and generates smart collection plans using the most efficient schedules and routes [2]. 2. LITERATURE SURVEY The authors in [4] have made a quantitative analysis between existing dustbins and their serving population. The study first analyses the spatial distribution of dustbins in some areas of city using average nearest neighbor functions of GIS. Remarkably, the spatial circulation of the current dustbins has appeared to be dominatingly in clustered pattern. Next, an optimal number of additional dustbins were calculated. It is shown that the number of existing dustbins is insufficient in the study area. The extent of pollution caused by the existing dustbins was calculated using spatial analyst functions of GIS. It is found that all the dustbins are burnt with wastes and causing pollution to the environment. The results thus obtained would help to understand the present situation of the waste management of city and to optimally place the required number of dustbins to prevent further pollution to environment. The authors in [3] have equipped the smart bins with ultrasonic sensors which measure the level of dustbin being filled up. The container is divided into three levels of garbage being collected in it. Every time the garbage crosses a level the sensors receives the data of the filled level. This data is further sent to the server as instant message using GPS modem. An IoT-based smart garbage system (SGS) is proposed to reduce the amount of food waste by the authors in [6]. In an SGS, battery-based smart garbage bins (SGBs) exchange information with each other using wireless mesh networks, and a router and server collect and analyze the information for service provisioning. Furthermore, the SGS includes various IoT skills considering user convenience and increases the battery lifetime through two types of energy-efficient operations of the SGBs: stand-alone operation and cooperation-based operation. The proposed SGS had been functioned as a pilot project in Gangnam district, Seoul, Republic of Korea, for a one-year period. The test demonstrated that the normal measure of food waste could be decreased by 33%. The author in [7] has built a framework in which a Camera will be set at each garbage collection point alongside load cell sensor at base of the trash can. The camera will take continuous snapshots of the garbage can. A threshold level is set which compares the output of camera and load sensor. The comparison is done with help of microcontroller. After analyzing the image an idea about level of garbage in the can and from the load cell sensor, weight of garbage can be known. Accordingly information is processed that is controller checks if the threshold level is exceeded or not. This is convenient to use but economically not reliable. 3. PROBLEM DEFINITION As we have seen number of times the dustbins are getting overflown and concern person don t get the information within a time and due to which unsanitary condition formed in the surroundings, at the same time bad smell spread out due to waste, bad look of the city which paves the way for air pollution and to some harmful diseases around the locality which is easily spreadable. The Smart waste management is compatible mainly with concept of smart cities. The main objectives of our proposed system are as follows: 1. Monitoring the waste management. 2. Providing a smart technology for waste system. 3. Avoiding human intervention. 4. Reducing human time and effort 5. Resulting in healthy and waste ridden environment. 182

3 4. PROPOSED SYSTEM DESIGN Fig.1 shows the architecture of Efficient Garbage Management System: Fig 1: The Proposed architecture of Efficient Garbage Management System In this system we are building a smart bin (Dustbin), which has an ultrasonic sensor install on it which will monitor the garbage level in the dustbin. For installing ultrasonic sensor on it we are using an Arduino UNO board. The specialty of arduino Uno is that it can be connected to the system by wired or wireless network. When ever the waste is dumped into the dustbin the ultrasonic sensor will sense the level of the dustbin and send that data to the server, server will collect all the data and store it in database. If the dustbin gets full the sensor will gives an alert signal, then that signal is forwarded to the waste collectors. This alert includes the dustbin location, level of the dustbin and the shortest path from the location of bin to the dumping area. The waste collectors will collect the waste from that bin and follow the optimal path to the dumping area. This system will helpful for the person who collects the waste, by collecting the waste in sequential path other than collecting in rounds and rounds. 5. TECHNICAL DETAILS A. HARDWARE KIT: a) Arduino board: Arduino is an open-source prototyping platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online. 183

4 b) Ultrasonic sensor: Ultrasonic sensor has two pins: Trigger and Echo, which are used for calculating the distance of the object by generating sound waves and thus calculating the time duration of the echo that is generated. c) GPS modem: A GPS navigation device is used for navigation technology that provides stable and accurate data. It is used for portable navigation and vehicle locator. B. SOFTWARES: a) Front End: Embedded C & HTML : HTML is used to build a website which will has all the information about users like administrator, waste collection staff, etc. it also has the location of the smart bins, dumping areas and routes going through with the help of GPS. Back End: MySQL: MySQL is the most popular Open Source Relational SQL database management system. MySQL is one of the best RDBMS being used for developing web-based software applications. b) Arduino IDE: The Arduino Software (IDE) is open source software and it makes easy to the code and uploads it to the board. It runs on the different plant from Windows, MAC OS, and Linux. The environment is written in Java and before running the IDE Java software to be installed on the machine this software can be used with any Arduino board. c) Google API: Google APIs is a set of application programming interfaces (APIs) developed by Google which allow communication with Google Services and their integration to other services. Examples of these include Search, Gmail, Translate or Google Maps. Third-party apps can use these APIs to take advantage of or extend the functionality of the existing services. The APIs provide functionality like analytics, machine learning as a service (the Prediction API) or access to user data (when permission to read the data is given). Another important example is an embedded Google map on a website, which can be achieved using the Static maps API, Places API or Google Earth API. 6. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 1. ADVANTAGES: 1.1. Real time information of level filling the container Monitor trucks to dynamic routes Reduce cost and optimize resources Improves environment and well-being citizens. 2. DISADVANTAGES: 2.1. High costs Bad smell spreads and may cause illness to human beings 2.3. More traffic and Noise. 7. FUTURE SCOPE This can be made much more useful by use of drones which is able to collect the garbage and around the bin, put them in respective garbage vehicles. This helps in reducing the cost, manpower and also saves the time. 8. CONCLUSION Various features such as durability, affordability, prevention against damage and maintenance issues are addressed when these smart dustbins are designed. This Smart Dustbin can contribute a lot towards clean and hygienic environment in building a smart city. But since the technology is new in India, proper awareness should be created among the public before it is implemented on a large scale. Otherwise, sensitive devices like sensors might be damaged due to rough action of the users. 184

5 9. REFERENCES [1]Monika K A, Nikitha Rao, Prapulla S B, Shobha G, Smart Dustbin-An Efficient Garbage Monitoring System, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue no 6,2016. [2] Twinkle Sinha,Mugesh Kumar, P.Saisharan, Smart Dustbin, International Journal of Industrial Electronics and Electrical Engineering, SRM University, India, vol-3, Issue-5, 2015,pp [3] Narayan Sharma, Nirman Singha, Tanmoy Dutta, Smart Bin Implementation for Smart Cities, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, vol 6, Issue 9, 2015,pp [4] M.T.H. Shubho, M.T Hassan, M.R. Hossain and M. N. Neema, Quantitative Analysis of Spatial Pattern of Dustbins and its Pollution in City A GIS Based Approach, Asian Transactions on Engineering (ATE ISSN: ) vol. 03 Issue 04, September 2013, pp.1-7. [5] Jose M. Gutierrez, Michael Jensen, Morten Henius and Tahir Riaz, Smart waste Collection System Based on Location Intelligence, ScienceDirect Procedia Computer Science61(2015) [6] Insung Hong, Sunghoi Park, Beomseok Lee, Jaekeun Lee, Daebeom Jeong, and Sehyun Park, IoT-Based Smart Garbage System for Efficient Food Waste Management, the Scientific World Journal, Volume 2014 (2014), Article ID [7] Peter Barry, Patric Crowley, Modern Embedded Computing, Elsevier, ISBN: (Chapter 4,5,6,7,8,10,14). [8] S.S. Navghane, MS killedar, Dr. V.M.Rohokale, IoT based Smart Garbage and Waste collection bin, IJARECE, Volume 5, Issue 5, May 2016, ISSN: X [9] Mrityunjaya Patted, Swarada Muley, Debamitra Panda, Intelligent Classroom Automation using PIC Microcontroller, IJRET, eissn: , pissn: [10] Anisha Gupta, Punit Gupta, Jasmeet Chhabra, lot based Power Efficient System Design using Automation for classrooms, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Himachal Pradesh. [11] Prakash, Prabu V, IoT Based Waste Management for Smart City, International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 2, February [12] Vikrant Bhor, Pankaj Morajkar, Maheshwar Gurav, Dishant Pandya, Smart Garbage Management System, IJERT ISSN: Volume 4, Issue 03, March