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Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences ISSN 1112-9867 Research Article Special Issue Available online at http://www.jfas.

1 Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences ISSN Research Article Special Issue Available online at THE DEVELOPMENT OF MONITORING SYSTEM FOR STREET LIGHT BASED ON INTERNET-OF-THINGS (IOT) APPLICATION H. M. Asraf 1,*, K. A. Nur Dalila 1, Z. M. Yusoff 1, M. T. Nooritawati 2 and Z. I. Rizman 3 1 Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Masai, Johor, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 3 Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia Published online: 7 March 2018 ABSTRACT The nature of numerous street lights usage to prevent accidents or for neighbourhood safety offers an opportunity for application of IoT for monitoring and maintenance. Governing authorities normally rely on consumer reports to detect malfunctioning street lights and then respond with repair activities in timely manner. An IoT street lights monitoring system is developed to assist the authorities in detecting the broken street light. The system consists of a Raspberry Pi-3 microcontroller, tilt sensor, light sensor, LED and GPS. The condition of the street light is determined by evaluating light intensity value and bulb positional angle measured by the light sensor and tilt sensor. These sensors provide input measurements to the microcontroller, while GPS communicate the actual position of the street light through Google . Malfunctioned street lights can be detected and its location can be identified and alerted to the responsible authorities for further actions in real time. Keywords: Internet-of-Things (IoT); street light system; monitoring; sensor; microcontroller. Author Correspondence, masraf@johor.uitm.edu.my doi: Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Libraries Resource Directory. We are listed under Research Associations category.

2 H. M. Asraf et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), INTRODUCTION Application of street lights has been increasingly common in developing countries as major improvements are made in transportation system as well as expansions in housing areas. However, as the usage quantity grows annually, the complexity of the lighting system increases and made the management of such system difficult [1-2]. During the servicing process, the street light suppliers or the parties handling the street light management typically depends on the consumer reports to detect any malfunctioning lights in their system. Since consumers are generally unaware of their responsibility to report any issues, any failures may be gone unnoticed by the authorities, leading to long lead time for repairs or no repairs to be made. This in turn may exacerbate any safety issues at the area with faulty street lights, since lack of visibility will cause road accidents or even promote criminal activities. Additionally, reputation of the governing authorities responsible for the safety of the consumers will be affected. Therefore, there is a need to implement an automated monitoring system to detect failures of street light in the electric grid. At present, numerous methodologies have been proposed related to street light monitoring. In [3] proposed a technique of smart street light using ARM7 based micro-controller. The system aims to reduce power consumption by controlling the light via sensor, which the light turns OFF during daylight while turns ON during night mode. Additional improvements were made to adjust the dimness of the light, resulting in reduction of power consumption. The paper reports efficiency up to 80.8% with the application of the monitoring system. Another existing research conducted by [4] proposed a work on the cloud-based solar energy monitoring towards the street lighting system and also development of GSM-based TCP/IP as communication module to centralize the traffic usage of the street light. The outcome of the paper demonstrated that energy saving of 60% is achievable by the system. In another study, the smart street light management system introduced by [5] uses several kind of sensors to control the switching of the lights. The system controls the operation of the light in accordance to the presence of humans or vehicles using an application specifically developed via Android. It allows authorized personnel to handle the operation of the system such as manually control the lights, handling complaints and requests. In addition, further work by [6] proposed embedded system to control the street light according to the luminescence of the sunlight. Authors improved the system by installing camera for surveillance of environment equipped with emergency push button. The authorities could monitor the incident spot through internet instead of using GSM technologies. In summary, there are existing studies that made use of light monitoring system to reduce system power consumption. In [5-6] have

3 H. M. Asraf et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), shown the capability of IoT as a suitable candidate for a light management system, which will be basis of this paper. There is potential for improvement for street light monitoring system by adding additional functionality of maintenance section via Internet-of-Things (IoT). The IoT is basically a wireless data communication, which allow monitoring using portable devices such as smartphone or laptop via internet connection. This paper proposes a monitoring system that includes Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to transfer location signal to Google . The advantage of the proposed system is in terms of scalability of integrating the device towards street light system and user friendly. Instead of creating a new Graphical User Interface (GUI), Google is used to get the information about the condition of the street lights. The reason to utilize Google for interface system is due to the availability of the system (being widely used in Android smartphones) and the capability of the system to be scaled for other application. Therefore, there is a benefit in implementation cost reduction, as well as less efforts and development time is needed since there is no need to develop interface system for information display. In this work, the monitoring system is developed and tested on the pilot scale prototype. The control hardware proposed for this system is Raspberry Pi-3 microcontroller with Python programming language to perform the computing process. Further section will discuss on the methodology of the developed system along with results and discussion obtained. 2. METHODOLOGY The system hardware consists of Raspberry Pi-3 microcontroller, tilt sensor, light sensor, LED and Global Positioning System (GPS). To implement this monitoring system, Google application should be installed on the receiver smartphone as well. These components were grouped into several modules called as sensing module, controller module and output module as shown in Fig. 1. Sensing module includes the light sensor and tilt sensor that will be attached to the PCB stand of the LED to measure the light intensity and its angle respectively. In this project, Raspberry Pi-3 board is used as the controller module to coordinate the system. Raspberry Pi-3 is used because it is affordable, easy to troubleshoot and easy to program by using Raspbian OS platform [7-8]. The GPS Shield has been stacked to the controller to allow location identification of broken street light. Meanwhile, the output module uses the Google which is triggered based on the system programmed on the microcontroller. The program code will read the parameters from the sensors and continuously send of the location of the broken street light until the street lights is fixed, shown when the light intensity and angle has met the desired criteria.

H. M. Asraf et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), 1040-1050 1043 Fig. 2 demonstrates the schematic design on Proteus to implement the project s prototype.

TLED is a short form of Tilt LED. LED1, LED2 and LED3 are the connectors for the street light.

4 H. M. Asraf et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), Fig. 2 demonstrates the schematic design on Proteus to implement the project s prototype. Connectors are used to symbolize all the sensors and microcontroller on the schematic diagram. GPS1, GPS2, GPS3 and GPS4 are the GPS module. TLED is a short form of Tilt LED. LED1, LED2 and LED3 are the connectors for the street light. LIGHT1, LIGHT2 and LIGHT3 are the connectors for light sensor module. TILT1, TILT2 and TILT3 are the connectors for tilt sensor module. Lastly, RPI1 and RPI2 are connectors for Raspberry Pi-3. Fig.1. Block diagram of the system Fig.2. System schematic

H. M. Asraf et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), 1040-1050 1044 The working operation of the street lights monitoring starts from the LED to represent the actual pilot scale of street light.

5 H. M. Asraf et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), The working operation of the street lights monitoring starts from the LED to represent the actual pilot scale of street light. Then, both of the sensors will read the light intensity or lux value from the LED and the angle of the PCB stand. If there is sufficient lux value and the angle is 90 o, the street light will be monitored. However, if there is not enough lux received by the light sensor and the angle of the PCB stand is less than 90 o, the system will commence the operation of GPS module to read the street light location by searching for the latitude and longitude. Subsequently, when the GPS is able to receive signal from the satellite, the system shall send an alert comprises of the latitude and longitude through the Google RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The drawing design and actual prototype is presented in Fig. 3. The three street light pole represented by the PCB stands. LED will be installed on the top of every poles to duplicate the real street light. Next, the two holes in front of the prototype design are for power cable and High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) cable to be connected to Raspberry Pi-3. Each light sensor and tilt sensor will be attached to the PCB stand that act as street light pole. Fig.3. Drawing design (located at left) and prototype of the proposed system (located at right) Prior test was examined towards each module. Referring to sensing module, the program code is run with loop function as shown in Fig. 4. The device kept reading the output value until the user hit the key button on the keyboard to interrupt the process.

H. M. Asraf et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), 1040

6 H. M. Asraf et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), Fig.4. Sample program code for sensor module Subsequently, the assessment has been evaluated on GPS module interfacing with Raspberry Pi-3 using UC00A. Initially, on the connection between GPS and UC00A is based on the Transmit (Tx) and Receive (Rx) pins of the GPS module. Then, followed by communication between the Raspberry Pi-3 and the GPS module to read the latitude and longitude. Before Raspberry Pi-3 could read signal from GPS, communication from the UC00A through USB port must be successful. The communication of the USB port can be checked by typing sudo lsusb on terminal window. The signal read from GPS can be seen by typing cgps s on terminal window. From Fig. 5, the output shows that the latitude is and the longitude is When the received value from the GPS module is placed in the website ( the address of the location will be displayed like in the Fig. 5. The address location is at No. 21, Jalan Kempas 4, Taman Megah Ria, Masai,

H. M. Asraf et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), 1040-1050 1046 Johor, Malaysia. Fig.5. Sample location address of latitude and longitude Simulations to test the functionality has been conducted.

7 H. M. Asraf et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), Johor, Malaysia. Fig.5. Sample location address of latitude and longitude Simulations to test the functionality has been conducted. Let the assumption of the first and third LED are broken, the output on python demonstrated the reading of 1 which was received by the Raspberry Pi-3 which is shown in Fig. 6. Then, based on the sensor condition, the program will output printed text of sending and finally Sent! text will be output when the has been sent to Google .

8 H. M. Asraf et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), Fig.6. Output results showing LED1 and LED 3 status The final phase of the project is to verify whether the location has been sent by Raspberry Pi-3 is received by the Google application. The system should continuously send the until the broken street light is fixed. Sample output was shown in Fig.7 which was tested at the location received of No. 5 Jalan Rimbun 12, (

H. M. Asraf et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), 1040-1050 1048 Fig.7.

CONCLUSION This project is proposed as a method to monitor the condition of street light for timely maintenance of

9 H. M. Asraf et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), Fig.7. Location is received in the Google (located at left) and output on Google browser (located at right) 4. CONCLUSION This project is proposed as a method to monitor the condition of street light for timely maintenance of the light system. The system detects lux or presence of light on street light and the degree or/and pole vibration whenever the accident occurs. The system will send the

10 H. M. Asraf et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), position information based on latitude and the longitude of the damaged area through Google . The pre test results demonstrated the prototype has been successfully developed and have potential for further development for future commercialization. 5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors kindly acknowledge the Universiti Teknologi MARA to financially support the research work under the Academic and Research Assimilation (ARAS) Phase 1/2016 research grant with Project No. 600-IRMI/DANA 5/3/ARAS (0079/2016). 6. REFERENCES [1] Jin D, Hannon C, Li Z, Cortes P, Ramaraju S, Burgess P, Buch N, Shahidehpour M. Smart street lighting system: A platform for innovative smart city applications and a new frontier for cyber-security. Electricity Journal, 2016, 29(10):28-35 [2] Juntunen E, Tetri E, Tapaninen O, Yrjänä S, Kondratyev V, Sitomaniemi A, Siirtola H, Sarjanoja E, Aikio J, Heikkinen V. A smart LED luminaire for energy savings in pedestrian road lighting. Lighting Research and Technology, 2015, 47(1): [3] Kumar R S. Intelligent street light monitoring and control using micro controller. International Journal of Engineering Computational Research and Technology, 2016, 1(1):1-5 [4] Kul B. IoT-GSM-based high-efficiency LED street light control system (IoT-SLCS). In IEEE XXVI International Scientific Conference Electronics, 2017, pp. 1-5 [5] Khivsara B, Patil D, Jain K, Sanap P, Lulla T. Smart street light management system. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 2017, 1(1):1-4 [6] Abinaya B, Gurupriya S, Pooja M. Iot based smart and adaptive lighting in street lights. In IEEE 2nd International Conference on Computing and Communications Technologies, 2017, pp [7] Kumar N P, Jatoth R K. Development of cloud based light intensity monitoring system using raspberry Pi. In IEEE International Conference on Industrial Instrumentation and Control, 2015, pp [8] Mishra B C, Panda A S, Rout N, Mohapatra S K. A novel efficient design of intelligent street lighting monitoring system using ZigBee network of devices and sensors on embedded Internet technology. In IEEE International Conference on Information Technology, 2015, pp

11 H. M. Asraf et al. J Fundam Appl Sci. 2018, 10(6S), How to cite this article: Asraf H M, Nur Dalila K A, Yusoff Z M, Nooritawati M T, Rizman Z I. The development of monitoring system for street light based on internet-of-things (iot) application. J. Fundam. Appl. Sci., 2018, 10(6S),

An IoT Based Real-Time Environmental Monitoring System Using Arduino and Cloud Service

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