Horizon 2020 Policy Support Facility

Transcription

1 Horizo 2020 Policy Support Facility MLE o Evaluatio of Busiess R&D Grat Schemes: Behavioural chage i RD&I schemes Paul Cuigham Machester Istitute of Iovatio Research Pim de Hertog DIALOGIC

2 Defiig behavioural chage The mai objective of iovatio policy is to modify the behaviour of those agets who beefit from it (Edler et al., 2013) Iovatio = chage i behaviour by learig, adoptig kowledge, developig ew skills, practices ad routies ad applyig all these i their respective cotexts Chages i behaviour ca take may forms (but should reflect policy objectives): Icreased employmet Icreased R&D activity Icreased R&D expediture Icreased collaboratio Chages to orgaisatioal routies & dyamic iovatio capabilities Horizo 2020 Policy Support Facility Page 2

3 but May chages ca be short term Staff hired/cotracted for duratio of R&D project R&D activities termiated whe fudig stops R&D expediture simply result of fudig Collaboratio for duratio of project oly Also: eed to beware of uaticipated (eve uwated chages): Substitutio effects Fudig of less attractive RDI projects Reductio of R&D budgets Reliace o subsidies Uproductive collaboratio Etc. Horizo 2020 Policy Support Facility Page 3

4 Behavioural additioality: origis Builds o framework of iput ad output additioality Itroduced by Buisseret, Camero ad Georghiou, 1995 At core of evolutioary structuralist view: To overcome learig failures, i.e. problems that limit (or costrai the use of) the cogitive capacity of agets ad groups of agets i the case of exploratio/exploitatio failures, selectio failures, system failures ad kowledge processig Defied as persistet chage i what the target is doig, how they are doig it ad which is attributable to the policy actio (Gök ad Edler, 2012) Or, cotiuatio of ew behaviour after subsidy stops (firm recogises beeficial effects) Horizo 2020 Policy Support Facility Page 4

5 Remider: geeral issues associated with additioality What is the real cotributio of the programme (policy)? What differece is made by the programme (policy)? How much of the effects would have occurred ayway? How much of the effects are created solely because of the policy/programme? How much of the effects are additioal? What is the level of additioality (or icremetality)? Are the public R&D/iovatio efforts complemetary or a substitute to private (ad other public) R&D/iovatio efforts? Horizo 2020 Policy Support Facility Page 5

6 Characteristics of BA Goes beyod iput-output based approach Avoids the Project Fallacy : All actors i a system uder aalysis are cosidered homogeeous. This homogeeity covers at least the actor s characteristics that coditio ad determie behaviour. Cotext is ot a cotributig factor to modify them. All actors respod or have the same capacity to respod (behave) i a similar way to differet stimuli. Opes the black-box of the firm Ca iclude desired, uaticipated ad udesired chage How does the support iteract with (existig) strategies ad capabilities of firms? Horizo 2020 Policy Support Facility Page 6

7 Positive examples of BA Joit ageda-settig Icreased opeess to user demads or icliatio to ivolve users i iovatio processes Deliberate maagemet of iovatio processes Reflectiveess regardig iovatio projects (metacapability of learig from past experieces) Opeess to collaborate More attetio o firm itelligece/spottig ew opportuities Icreased propesity for experimetatio Etc. Horizo 2020 Policy Support Facility Page 7

8 Coceptual ad practical difficulties with BA Two commo problems: Uit of aalysis: Curret studies aalyse behaviour accordig to its iput ad output Example: collaboratio behaviour is evaluated i terms of the moey spet o collaboratio (i.e. iput to collaboratio behaviour) or the amout of collaboratio (i.e. output of collaboratio behaviour) but ot the buildig blocks of collaboratio Behaviour per se is ot a uit of aalysis Orgaisatioal routies should be used as the buildig block Framework of aalysis: Comparative statistics is ot appropriate to study the chage itself Dyamic framework of aalysis is eeded to alig better with evolutioary view Horizo 2020 Policy Support Facility Page 8

9 Challeges to evaluatig behavioural additioality Persistece effects Time frame for measuremet How log is persistet? Methodological issues How to capture forms of behavioural chage without promptig How to esure that all forms of BA are captured (aticipated ad uaticipated)? Quatitative approaches ca be overvalued cf. softer qualitative approaches eed to recogise importace of latter Need framework to capture chages i orgaisatioal routies Horizo 2020 Policy Support Facility Page 9

10 Thak you! Ay questios? Horizo 2020 Policy Support Facility Page 10