Arduino Intro. Introduction to Arduino For linux geeks. By Peter Sjöberg peters-oclug at techwiz point ca.

Transcription

1 Introduction to Arduino For linux geeks By Peter Sjöberg peters-oclug at techwiz point ca This presentation is licensed under Creative 4.0 International

2 Show of hands - how many people - know what raspberry pi is? - know what arduino is? - have interest in small electronics projects, knows what spi/i2c/3wire or xbee is? - want to know more about arduino? Disclaimer to Arduino SMEs, this is an intro so I skipping things/don't tell the whole truth in the name of KISS. 2

3 What is Arduino? The Arduino platform/framework is a tool for making computers that can sense and control more of the physical world than your desktop computer. It's a small computer that can interact with the world around it. Arduino can be used to develop interactive objects, taking inputs from a variety of switches or sensors, and controlling a variety of lights, motors, and other physical outputs. Arduino projects can be stand-alone, or they can communicate with software running on your computer 3

4 What is Arduino - cont Open hardware Schematics available Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike license Open source Simple to use Bootloader, ide, libraries all open Very easy to get going Popular Big community support Lots of software and hardware available 4

5 What is Arduino A small cheap micro controller Basic uno model comes with 16MHz cpu 32K Flash (for program) 2K Ram (variables) 1K EEProm 14 I/O pins 6 Analog input pins Single program/task Only storage is eeprom 5

6 What Arduino is NOT Not multitasking OS Not multiuser OS Not any kind of Operating System at all Not blazing fast Not that powerful, 2K ram does limit things. Not a storage device, 1K EEProm doesn't allow much to be stored Not vulnerable to the BASH shellshock bug 6

7 Arduino vs Rasberry Pi Arduino Raspberry Pi/BBB Real time, <5uSec response to changes, bit banging in usec range can be done. Single task, type delay(1000) in the program and it will do nothing at all for 1 second. Low Power, a battery can last for way more then a few hours(days to year on 2*AA!). Multitasking OS makes millisec response a challenge and forget bitbanging in usec range. Multitasking, reading a webcam while running ssh, webserver, mail and a database independent of each other is ok External power required for anything more than a few hours 7

8 How does it work? Arduino is a MicroController Unit or MCU It does not have an operating system running. It's a single program that starts when the power comes on and then just keeps running It does have interrupt that can be used to react fast on pin changes or kick off functions on a schedule. 8

9 What can it do? It has digital Input Output and Analog input pins to interact with the outside world With the I/O pins it can read sensors and send information or (de)activate external hardware For example it can read acceleration/gravity/magnetic sensors and control motors in a quadrocopter based on that info. 9

10 What else The basic hardware can be extended with shields and sensors, so what can you imagine? Shields : Ethernet+sd card(=storage) Wireless Gps stepper and/or dc motor Music/mp3/voic CAN-bus(car) And hundreds more 10

11 What else - cont Sensors Light Temperature Humidity Distance Heartbeat Motion Sound Gas Magnetic Capacitive 3 color sensor RFID Joystick Infra red Flame Vibration Angle 11

12 What can it be used for? The usage cases is a very very long list but to give you a few examples, more at (and google of course) 3D Printer Coffee making control CNC machine Propeller clock Plant watering Disco light Energy monitoring Led sign Animated halloween/christmas decorations Alarm clock Home automation Gas detector Quadrocopter Drawing robot Robot Music instruments Automotive applications Bike finder (gps+gsm) Plotter IR Remote replacement Door lock security Garage door monitor Weather station Games 12

13 How to get started To get started you need 1 Arduino, cheap ($10-15) clones can be found on Ebay. 1 Linux computer (I have heard that legacy OS like M$ Windoze or macintoy also works) Arduino IDE Install instructions at 13

14 Install software Fedora: Ubuntu: sudo yum install arduino sudo apt-get install arduino No USB drivers hunt needed 14

15 Starting Arduino IDE 15

16 Hello World Since it's no screen, the mandatory Hello World for arduino is normally a program called Blinky It makes a built in LED blink and with that it's making itself known to the world It's one of the example programs included with Arduino IDE 16

17 // The mandatory Hello world program for Arduino // It makes the built in LED blink // Initialize the environment void setup(){ pinmode(led_builtin,output); // Set the LED pin to output mode } // Work loop void loop(){ digitalwrite(led_builtin,high); // Turn ON the LED delay(1000); // Wait 1000ms=1 second digitalwrite(led_builtin,low); // Turn OFF the LED delay(1000); // Wait 1000ms=1 second } 17

18 Arduino running blinky 18

19 Arduino models Arduino comes in several models to suit different needs Arduino UNO is the reference model Other models comes with different voltage, io pin count, custom shapes like the flexible lilypad and so on 19

20 Arduino software Besides basic c(++) programming it is a lot of libraries for misc functions. Libraries does simplify things when it comes to interact with external (and internal) parts For example, the time library that creates some variables that keeps time (Y-M-D h:m:s) and if you have a GPS or RTC module added you can get the true time without having to somehow set it each time you start up the arduino. Official list at Unofficial list - try google 20

21 Demo time You've seen blinky, now what would you be interested in being created right here? Reaction time game Temp sensor RFID tag reader 7SEG display clock Stepper motor Ultra sound distance sensor Other Had enough skip to QA and do demo in BoF breakout 21

22 Q&A Questions Primary URL: (note.cc not.com) Local arduino group, start with For more, google arduino This presentation Wikipedia entry: For more, google arduino 22

23 Introduction to Arduino For linux geeks By Peter Sjöberg peters-oclug at techwiz point ca This presentation is licensed under Creative 4.0 International Copyright by Peter Sjöberg, license Creative 1

24 Show of hands - how many people - know what raspberry pi is? - know what arduino is? - have interest in small electronics projects, knows what spi/i2c/3wire or xbee is? - want to know more about arduino? Disclaimer to Arduino SMEs, this is an intro so I skipping things/don't tell the whole truth in the name of KISS. Copyright by Peter Sjöberg, license Creative 2 2

25 What is Arduino? The Arduino platform/framework is a tool for making computers that can sense and control more of the physical world than your desktop computer. It's a small computer that can interact with the world around it. Arduino can be used to develop interactive objects, taking inputs from a variety of switches or sensors, and controlling a variety of lights, motors, and other physical outputs. Arduino projects can be stand-alone, or they can communicate with software running on your computer 3 This text comes from Copyright by Peter Sjöberg, license Creative 3

26 What is Arduino - cont Open hardware Schematics available Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike license Open source Simple to use Bootloader, ide, libraries all open Very easy to get going Popular Big community support Lots of software and hardware available Copyright by Peter Sjöberg, license Creative 4 4

27 What is Arduino A small cheap micro controller Basic uno model comes with 16MHz cpu 32K Flash (for program) 2K Ram (variables) 1K EEProm 14 I/O pins 6 Analog input pins Single program/task Only storage is eeprom 5 Arduino is a single-board microcontroller, intended to make building interactive objects or environments more accessible. The hardware consists of an open-source hardware board designed around an 8-bit Atmel AVR microcontroller, or a 32-bit Atmel ARM. The top and bottom lines of connections are the power and io poins and the layout makes it possible to easily stack shields (add on boards) on top of it. On the picture is two models, the the UNO which is the reference model and below is the pro mini which is as small as it gets unless you build your own. Copyright by Peter Sjöberg, license Creative 5

28 What Arduino is NOT Not multitasking OS Not multiuser OS Not any kind of Operating System at all Not blazing fast Not that powerful, 2K ram does limit things. Not a storage device, 1K EEProm doesn't allow much to be stored Not vulnerable to the BASH shellshock bug 6 It's a 8bit cpu that has limited onboard resources. Some can be expanded like more eeprom or io ports but it may be easier to get a different model like the atmega1260 or 32bit arm (arduino due) if you need a more advanced program. Copyright by Peter Sjöberg, license Creative 6

29 Arduino vs Rasberry Pi Arduino Raspberry Pi/BBB Real time, <5uSec response to changes, bit banging in usec range can be done. Single task, type delay(1000) in the program and it will do nothing at all for 1 second. Low Power, a battery can last for way more then a few hours(days to year on 2*AA!). Multitasking OS makes millisec response a challenge and forget bitbanging in usec range. Multitasking, reading a webcam while running ssh, webserver, mail and a database independent of each other is ok External power required for anything more than a few hours 7 Bitbanging is when you in your code manipulate a pin to generate a signal/receive a signal. For example for each byte for each bit If 0 then pin high;sleep 250;pin low;sleep 750 # usec to sleep Else pin high;sleep 750;pin low;sleep 250 Ok with arduino, forget it with rpi since there the os multitasking kicks in and mess up the timing. The Atmega datasheet states it is possible to go as low as 1uA with nothing on and safeguards off. With just simple programming trix (jeelib) you can easily get a pro-mini to sleep at <4mA (desolder the power led and you drop ~2mA more) and after that it just depends on how often you check your sensor. If you then run your project of 2xAA Ultimate Lithium batteries=3v and 3000mAh 2mAh means 2 months. Follow some of the trix from internet and you can get closer to 1uA and a year or two on 2 batteries. Copyright by Peter Sjöberg, license Creative 7

30 How does it work? Arduino is a MicroController Unit or MCU It does not have an operating system running. It's a single program that starts when the power comes on and then just keeps running It does have interrupt that can be used to react fast on pin changes or kick off functions on a schedule. 8 By default it does have some interrupts running to increase counters for milli/micro seconds and handle delay and (if used) pulse width modulation (PWM) but they are background tasks that you could disable and still run your program as long as you handle things like delay in your code. Copyright by Peter Sjöberg, license Creative 8

31 What can it do? It has digital Input Output and Analog input pins to interact with the outside world With the I/O pins it can read sensors and send information or (de)activate external hardware For example it can read acceleration/gravity/magnetic sensors and control motors in a quadrocopter based on that info. Copyright by Peter Sjöberg, license Creative 9 9

32 What else The basic hardware can be extended with shields and sensors, so what can you imagine? Shields : Ethernet+sd card(=storage) Wireless Gps stepper and/or dc motor Music/mp3/voic CAN-bus(car) And hundreds more Copyright by Peter Sjöberg, license Creative 10 10

33 What else - cont Sensors Light Temperature Humidity Distance Heartbeat Motion Sound Gas Magnetic Capacitive 3 color sensor RFID Joystick Infra red Flame Vibration Angle Copyright by Peter Sjöberg, license Creative 11 11

34 What can it be used for? The usage cases is a very very long list but to give you a few examples, more at (and google of course) 3D Printer Coffee making control CNC machine Propeller clock Plant watering Disco light Energy monitoring Led sign Animated halloween/christmas decorations Alarm clock Home automation Gas detector Quadrocopter Drawing robot Robot Music instruments Automotive applications Bike finder (gps+gsm) Plotter IR Remote replacement Door lock security Garage door monitor Weather station Games Copyright by Peter Sjöberg, license Creative 12 12

35 How to get started To get started you need 1 Arduino, cheap ($10-15) clones can be found on Ebay. 1 Linux computer (I have heard that legacy OS like M$ Windoze or macintoy also works) Arduino IDE Install instructions at 13 Arduino uno clone at ebay - <$10 Ardunio pro mini (no usb) <$3 Arduino micro (has usb) <$8 Arduino mega1280/2560 clone - ~$15-$20 Copyright by Peter Sjöberg, license Creative 13

36 Install software Fedora: Ubuntu: sudo yum install arduino sudo apt-get install arduino No USB drivers hunt needed 14 To see if os can see the arduino: tail -f /var/log/messages and plug in arduino To get software: go to -> Learning -> Getting started -> Linux Copyright by Peter Sjöberg, license Creative 14

37 Starting Arduino IDE 15 The Arduino IDE isn't that exciting but it does contain a few functions and a edit window. Copyright by Peter Sjöberg, license Creative 15

38 Hello World Since it's no screen, the mandatory Hello World for arduino is normally a program called Blinky It makes a built in LED blink and with that it's making itself known to the world It's one of the example programs included with Arduino IDE Copyright by Peter Sjöberg, license Creative 16 16

39 // The mandatory Hello world program for Arduino // It makes the built in LED blink // Initialize the environment void setup(){ pinmode(led_builtin,output); // Set the LED pin to output mode } // Work loop void loop(){ digitalwrite(led_builtin,high); // Turn ON the LED delay(1000); // Wait 1000ms=1 second digitalwrite(led_builtin,low); // Turn OFF the LED delay(1000); // Wait 1000ms=1 second } Copyright by Peter Sjöberg, license Creative 17 17

40 Arduino running blinky Copyright by Peter Sjöberg, license Creative 18 18

41 Arduino models Arduino comes in several models to suit different needs Arduino UNO is the reference model Other models comes with different voltage, io pin count, custom shapes like the flexible lilypad and so on 19 Besides the 20 official versions on arduino.cc it's also tons of copies. Since the platform is open companies makes a their own version and the only limitation is that they can't call it arduino so you find names like funduino. It is only 3 factories that are authorized to use the arduino logo but it's way more places using it. If you buy a real arduino on ebay it's a good chance its counterfit and while it probably works fine you now overpaid for a counterfit clone and your money did go to some china company instead of the Arduino project you thought you supported. Copyright by Peter Sjöberg, license Creative 19

42 Arduino software Besides basic c(++) programming it is a lot of libraries for misc functions. Libraries does simplify things when it comes to interact with external (and internal) parts For example, the time library that creates some variables that keeps time (Y-M-D h:m:s) and if you have a GPS or RTC module added you can get the true time without having to somehow set it each time you start up the arduino. Official list at Unofficial list - try google Copyright by Peter Sjöberg, license Creative 20 20

43 Demo time You've seen blinky, now what would you be interested in being created right here? Reaction time game Temp sensor RFID tag reader 7SEG display clock Stepper motor Ultra sound distance sensor Other Had enough skip to QA and do demo in BoF breakout Copyright by Peter Sjöberg, license Creative 21 21

44 Q&A Questions Primary URL: (note.cc not.com) Local arduino group, start with For more, google arduino This presentation Wikipedia entry: For more, google arduino 22.cc is coco islands but it's more because of.cc as in Creative Commons (and other TLDs like.org already taken) Local interest group is changing around right now but look at for latest info. Copyright by Peter Sjöberg, license Creative 22