Assistant Professor Computer Science. Introduction to Human-Computer Interaction

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1 CMSC434 Introduction to Human-Computer Interaction Week 03 Lecture 06 Sept 18, 2014 Understanding Users I (Continued) Human Computer Interaction Assistant Professor Computer Science

2 TODAY 1. Logistics 2. Observation 3. In-Class Activity 4. IDEO User Research Method Cards 5. Team work (if time)

5 14 People Have Done This You Should Too!

7 Individual Assignment (IA) Group Project Assignment (TA) Reading Assignment (R) Event/Holiday Lecture (L)

8 Hall of Fame Hall of Shame

9 Hall of Fame Hall of Shame If your submission is chosen for class, you will get up to double the points!

11 HALL OF SHAME: QUITTING SKYPE Consistency is one of Jakob Nielsen s 10 Usability Heuristics for User Interface Design Jakob Nielsen One of the most well-known UI Experts We ll learn more about him throughout semester Source:

HALL OF SHAME: QUITTING SKYPE Consistency is one of Jakob Nielsen s 10 Usability Heuristics for User Interface Design Users should not have to wonder whether different words, situations, or actions

12 HALL OF SHAME: QUITTING SKYPE Consistency is one of Jakob Nielsen s 10 Usability Heuristics for User Interface Design Users should not have to wonder whether different words, situations, or actions mean the same thing. Follow platform conventions. Jakob Nielsen One of the most well-known UI Experts We ll learn more about him throughout semester Source:

HALL OF SHAME: QUITTING SKYPE Normally when you think of bad design, you think of the creator as being sloppy or lazy but with no ill intent. This type of bad design is known as a UI anti-pattern.

13 HALL OF SHAME: QUITTING SKYPE Normally when you think of bad design, you think of the creator as being sloppy or lazy but with no ill intent. This type of bad design is known as a UI anti-pattern. Dark Patterns are different they are not mistakes, they are carefully crafted with a solid understanding of human psychology, and they do not have the user s interests in mind. Harry Brignull Independent User Experience Designer Curates darkpatterns.org

14 ANYONE TRIED IOS8? WHAT DID YOU THINK?

15 ser research ethods

16 User Research Methods Formative Build Summative Ethnography Interviews Surveys Cultural Probes Focus Groups Diary Studies Experience Sampling Studies Studying Similar Products Interaction Logging of Past Product / Early Prototype Studying Past Product Documentation Ethnography Interviews Surveys Focus Groups Diary Studies Experience Sampling Studies Interaction Logging

opportunities and needs Doing Focus Groups Observational Techniques Micro

17 USER RESEARCH METHODS Statistical Macro techniques (many people) Surveys Video Ethnography Saying Explicit opportunities and needs Latent opportunities and needs Doing Focus Groups Observational Techniques Micro techniques (few people) Interpretive Source: Designing Interactions by Bill Moggridge, 2007

18 bservation

19 User Research Methods Formative Build Summative Ethnography Interviews Surveys Cultural Probes Focus Groups Diary Studies Experience Sampling Studies Studying Similar Products Interaction Logging of Past Product / Early Prototype Studying Past Product Documentation

20 Design Thinking 60 Minutes, January 2013 Source:

21 You can observe a lot by just watching YogiBerra MLB Player / Quote Machine

22 Why can t we just ask users what they want?

23 USERS WORDS ARE UNRELIABLE People are notoriously bad at predicting what they would use or would prefer when it is only hypothetical They can much better respond to actual, concrete things, or make comparisons This highlights the importance of observation and of prototypes!

24 Plus x2

25 It s not the consumers job to know what they want. SteveJobs Designer / Inventor / Creative Genius

26 If I had asked my customers what they wanted, HenryFord Inventor / Car Salesman

27 If I had asked my customers what they wanted, they would have said a faster horse. HenryFord Inventor / Car Salesman

28 So, often it s better to watch what people do than to only design solely for what they say

29 What s wrong with the measuring cup?

31 Alex Lee, Oxo Design Process and Products, GEL2008,

32 Nobody mentioned that this is a problem because this is an accepted part of the process of measuring. Alex Lee OXO International, President Alex Lee, Oxo Design Process and Products, GEL2008,

33 Nobody mentioned that this is a problem because this is an accepted part of the process of measuring. We are happy when we see this problem, this clear inefficiency that nobody articulates. Alex Lee OXO International, President Alex Lee, Oxo Design Process and Products, GEL2008,

34 Show us how you measure. Alex Lee, Oxo Design Process and Products, GEL2008,

36 The Role of Ethnography in Design

37 In anthropology, ethnography developed as a way to explore the everyday realities of people living in small-scale, non-western societies and to make understandings of those realities available to others. Jeanette Blomberg Anthropologist IBM Research Mark Burrell Psychologist Microsoft Corporation Blomberg and Burrell, An Ethnographic Approach to Design, The HCI Handbook, 2007, p966

such as workplaces, senior centers, and schools Jeanette Blomberg Anthropologist IBM Research Mark Burrell

38 Today, the ethnographic approach is not limited to investigations of small-scale societies, but instead is applied to the study of people and social groups in specific settings within large industrialized societies, such as workplaces, senior centers, and schools Jeanette Blomberg Anthropologist IBM Research Mark Burrell Psychologist Microsoft Corporation Blomberg and Burrell, An Ethnographic Approach to Design, The HCI Handbook, 2007, p966

39 Pimentel, Big Blue to expand viewpoint / Research center to add nontechnical specialists to staff, San Francisco Chronicle, Oct 21, 2003

40 Pimentel, Big Blue to expand viewpoint / Research center to add nontechnical specialists to staff, San Francisco Chronicle, Oct 21, 2003

41 THE 3 PRINCIPLES OF ETHNOGRAPHY Holistic: tiny details into big picture context; attempt to look at things broadly understand context Natural settings: Directly observe in the things that you re trying to study Descriptive: focus on recording behavior analysis comes later

42 Ellen Isaacs Ethnography at TEDxBroadway Source:

44 User Research Methods Formative Build Summative Ethnography Interviews Surveys Cultural Probes Focus Groups Diary Studies Experience Sampling Studies Studying Similar Products Interaction Logging Studying Prior Product Documentation In teams of four: Identify benefits of method Identify drawbacks of method

45 IDEO METHOD CARDS Available from William Stout publishers ($49) Slide adapted from Julie Kientz and Leah Findlater

47 LOOK AT WHAT USERS REALLY DO Fly on the Wall A Day in the Life Shadowing Personal Inventory Slide adapted from Julie Kientz and Leah Findlater

49 ASK USERS TO HELP Collage Conceptual Landscape Card Sort Cultural Probe Slide adapted from Julie Kientz and Leah Findlater

51 PROBES Cultural Probes allows researchers to supplement the understandings developed through ethnographic research in situations where intrusion and disruption are likely to arise. in Crabtree, Andy, et al. "Designing with care: Adapting cultural probes to inform design in sensitive settings., OzCHI2004

CULTURAL PROBES Cultural probes are a rich and varied set of materials that let us ground [our designs] in the detailed textures of local cultures.

52 CULTURAL PROBES Cultural probes are a rich and varied set of materials that let us ground [our designs] in the detailed textures of local cultures. Gaver, 1999 Gaver s Cultural Probes of Elderly Postcards with questions concerning participants attitudes to their lives, cultural environment and technology. Maps asking participants to highlight important areas in their cultural environment. Cameras with instructions asking participants to photograph things of interest to them and things that bored them. Photo Albums asking participants to assemble a small montage telling a story about participant s lives. Media Diaries asking participants to record the various media they use, when, where and in whose company. Bill Gaver, Tony Dunne, and Elena Pacenti Design: Cultural probes. Interactions, 1999

53 CULTURAL PROBES The probes were part of a strategy of pursuing experimental design in a responsive way. They address a common dilemma in developing projects for unfamiliar groups. Bill Gaver Professor of Design University of London Bill Gaver, Tony Dunne, and Elena Pacenti Design: Cultural probes. Interactions, 1999

54 CULTURAL PROBES The probes were part of a strategy of pursuing experimental design in a responsive way. They address a common dilemma in developing projects for unfamiliar groups. Understanding the local cultures was necessary so that our designs wouldn t seem irrelevant or arrogant We wanted to lead a discussion with the groups toward unexpected ideas, but we didn t want to dominate it. Bill Gaver Professor of Design University of London Bill Gaver, Tony Dunne, and Elena Pacenti Design: Cultural probes. Interactions, 1999

55 SO WHAT? These methods help us think differently about problems. They help inspire ideas. They help us understand our users and the potential for technology.

57 HOW DO PEOPLE THINK ABOUT LITTER? Eric Paulos and Tom Jenkins. Urban probes: encountering our emerging urban atmospheres, CHI2005

58 Eric Paulos and Tom Jenkins. Urban probes: encountering our emerging urban atmospheres, CHI2005

PROBES They may seem whimsical, but it would be a mistake to dismiss them on that ground: for unless we start to respect the full range of values that make us human, the technologies we build are

60 PROBES They may seem whimsical, but it would be a mistake to dismiss them on that ground: for unless we start to respect the full range of values that make us human, the technologies we build are likely to be dull and uninteresting at best, and de-humanising at worst. Bill Gaver Professor of Design University of London As quoted in Crabtree, Andy, et al. "Designing with care: Adapting cultural probes to inform design in sensitive settings., OzCHI2004

61 TRY IT YOURSELF Empathy tools Scenarios Next year's headlines Prototyping Slide adapted from Julie Kientz and Leah Findlater

62 LEARN FROM THE FACTS YOU GATHER Flow Analysis Cognitive Task Analysis Affinity Diagrams Slide adapted from Julie Kientz and Leah Findlater

64 Find Your Project Team I want to discuss plans/progress on TA02

65 Dark Palette

66 Light Palette

67 Smartsheet Gantt Palette

68 Light Palette

CMSC434 Intro to Human-Computer Interaction. Ethnography Tuesday, February 19, 2013 Instructor: Jon Froehlich TA: Matthew Mauriello

CMSC434 Intro to Human-Computer Interaction Ethnography Tuesday, February 19, 2013 Instructor: Jon Froehlich TA: Matthew Mauriello #inspiration Antichamber, submitted by Andres Garcia Antichamber, submitted