Guns, Germs, and Steel

Transcription

1 Guns, Germs, and Steel

2 Guns, Germs, and Steel Prologue

3 Guns, Germs, and Steel Diamond outlines the theory that the differences between societies and societal development arise primarily from geographical causes NOT because of differences in intelligence or human ability

4 Guns, Germs, and Steel What has happened in the last 13,000 years?

5 Guns, Germs, and Steel What has happened in the last 13,000 years? Why have certain societies become powerful and dominant?

6 Yali s Question

7 Yali s Question Why do you white people have so much cargo but we black people have so little of our own?

8 Yali s Question Why do you white people have so much cargo but we black people have so little of our own? What does Yali mean by cargo?

9 Guns, Germs, and Steel Certain societies have been more successful than others:

10 Guns, Germs, and Steel Certain societies have been more successful than others: healthier

11 Guns, Germs, and Steel Certain societies have been more successful than others: healthier wealthier

12 Guns, Germs, and Steel Certain societies have been more successful than others: healthier wealthier more powerful

13 Guns, Germs, and Steel Certain societies have been more successful than others: healthier wealthier more powerful However, individual people across societies are very much alike in terms of nature and intelligence.

14 Guns, Germs, and Steel Why did human development proceed at such different rates on different continents?

15 Guns, Germs, and Steel case study -

16 Guns, Germs, and Steel case study - the colonization of the New World by European societies after 1492 AD

17 Guns, Germs, and Steel case study - The Americas the colonization of the New World by European societies after 1492 AD

18 Guns, Germs, and Steel case study - The Americas the colonization of the New World by European societies after 1492 AD (Anno Domino)

19 Guns, Germs, and Steel case study - the colonization of the New World by European societies after 1492 AD What is a case study?

20 Guns, Germs, and Steel - Diamond is describing, not judging

21 Guns, Germs, and Steel - Diamond is describing, not judging - Tone is scientific and dispassionate

22 Guns, Germs, and Steel

23 Guns, Germs, and Steel Is hunter-gatherer culture (for example, Native Americans and aborigines) inferior to agricultural (or industrial) civilization?

24 Guns, Germs, and Steel Is hunter-gatherer culture (for example, Native Americans and aborigines) inferior to agricultural (or industrial) civilization? Diamond says,

25 Guns, Germs, and Steel Is hunter-gatherer culture (for example, Native Americans and aborigines) inferior to agricultural (or industrial) civilization? Diamond says, No

26 Guns, Germs, and Steel Humans replaced their hunter-gatherer practices with agricultural practices.

27 Guns, Germs, and Steel Humans replaced their hunter-gatherer practices with agricultural practices. However,

28 Guns, Germs, and Steel Humans replaced their hunter-gatherer practices with agricultural practices. However, Agriculture is not necessarily superior to hunting and gathering.

29 Guns, Germs, and Steel Agriculture is just the most efficient way to extract food at certain times and places

30 Guns, Germs, and Steel Agriculture is just the most efficient way to extract food at certain times and places No scientific evidence that people in hunter-gatherer cultures are less talented or intelligent than people in an agricultural (or industrialized) culture

31 Guns, Germs, and Steel Is there a scientific link between race/culture and intelligence?

32 Guns, Germs, and Steel Is there a scientific link between race/culture and intelligence? NO!

33 Guns, Germs, and Steel In fact, New Guineans may be smarter than Westerners

34 Guns, Germs, and Steel In Western society, survival was largely a product of being healthy and lucky

35 Guns, Germs, and Steel In Western society, survival was largely a product of being healthy and lucky (i.e., not killed by infectious diseases like the black plague ( ) or smallpox )

36 Guns, Germs, and Steel In New Guinea, survival was more often a product of talent and intelligence (i.e., being able to hunt, avoid accidents)

37 Guns, Germs, and Steel In New Guinea, survival was more often a product of talent and intelligence (i.e., being able to hunt, avoid accidents) New Guineans spend more time exploring the world than Westerners (Line, You Tube, TV )

38 In an industrialized society

39 In an industrialized society - intelligence and talent aren t necessary for producing offspring

40 In an industrialized society - intelligence and talent aren t necessary for producing offspring in New Guinea

41 In an industrialized society - intelligence and talent aren t necessary for producing offspring in New Guinea - they are necessary

42 Possible Theories Does climate stimulate the mind?

43 Possible Theories Does climate stimulate the mind? Theory A) In cold climates humans have to work harder to survive

44 In cold climates humans have to:

45 In cold climates humans have to: build more sophisticated houses

46 In cold climates humans have to: build more sophisticated houses plan ahead for the winter

47 In cold climates humans have to: build more sophisticated houses plan ahead for the winter do other things that make them more industrious ( )

48 Actually

49 Actually Europeans who lived in cold climates

50 Actually Europeans who lived in cold climates received many of their most important ideas and technologies (writing, the wheel, etc.) from, where the climate was actually warmer

51 Actually Europeans who lived in cold climates received many of their most important ideas and technologies (writing, the wheel, etc.) from Eurasia, where the climate was actually warmer

52 Does climate stimulate the mind? John Locke Jean-Jacques Rousseau

53 Does climate stimulate the mind? John Locke Jean-Jacques Rousseau Claimed that humans responded to their environment = cold weather influenced them to work harder

54 Does climate stimulate the mind? Yes, environment can shape society

55 Does climate stimulate the mind? Yes, environment can shape society However, this interpretation is wrong!

56 Possible Theories Theory B)

57 Possible Theories Theory B) Did civilization arise near rivers?

58 Possible Theories Theory B) Many of the earliest civilizations did emerge near big rivers (Egypt, Mesopotamia Tigris, Euphrates etc.),

59 Possible Theories Theory B) Did the development of irrigation systems lead to the development of complex bureaucracies ( ; ) and the basis for government and society?

60 Possible Theories Theory B) Again, environment can shape society but!

61 Possible Theories Theory B) Again, environment can shape society but NO!

62 Possible Theories Theory B) Studies have shown that early civilizations developed irrigation ( ) systems AFTER they d already developed centralized bureaucracies

63 Civilizations with:

64 access to weaponry Civilizations with:

65 Civilizations with: access to weaponry immunity ( ) to infectious diseases ( )

66 Civilizations with: access to weaponry immunity ( ) to infectious diseases ( ) proximity (, ) to metal

67 Civilizations with: access to weaponry immunity ( ) to infectious diseases ( ) proximity (, ) to metal were most successful

68 Civilizations with: access to weaponry immunity ( ) to infectious diseases ( ) proximity (, ) to metal were most successful True! But, why?

69 Why did certain civilizations end up with the guns, the germs, and the steel?

70 Why did certain civilizations end up with the guns, the germs, and the steel? Diamond will provide a synthesis of work from many fields to answer Yali s question

71 Why did certain civilizations end up with the guns, the germs, and the steel? / Diamond will provide a synthesis of work from many fields to answer Yali s question

72 A thesis statement for the book:

73 A thesis statement for the book: History followed different courses for different peoples because of differences among people s environments, not because of biological differences among people themselves.

74 Guns, Germs, and Steel Part I - The history of human evolution

75 Guns, Germs, and Steel Part 2 - Food production (history of agriculture) and livestock cultivation ( ) and how it led to the eventual rise of the European powers

76 Guns, Germs, and Steel Part 3 - The role of bacteria and microbes ( ) in Western military supremacy, the history of writing and other technologies

77 Guns, Germs, and Steel Part 4 - Case studies ( ) for Diamond s ideas (Australia, Asia, Africa, and the Americas)

78 Guns, Germs, and Steel Did you catch everything? If not, ask the teacher or a classmate! On page 6, what is the word after Many of the earliest?